# Clickjacking
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## What is Clickjacking
In a clickjacking attack, a **user** is **tricked** into **clicking** an **element** on a webpage that is either **invisible** or disguised as a different element. This manipulation can lead to unintended consequences for the user, such as the downloading of malware, redirection to malicious web pages, provision of credentials or sensitive information, money transfers, or the online purchasing of products.
### Prepopulate forms trick
Sometimes is possible to **fill the value of fields of a form using GET parameters when loading a page**. An attacker may abuse this behaviour to fill a form with arbitrary data and send the clickjacking payload so the user press the button Submit.
### Populate form with Drag\&Drop
If you need the user to **fill a form** but you don't want to directly ask him to write some specific information (like the email and or specific password that you know), you can just ask him to **Drag\&Drop** something that will write your controlled data like in [**this example**](https://lutfumertceylan.com.tr/posts/clickjacking-acc-takeover-drag-drop/).
### Basic Payload
```markup
Click me
```
### Multistep Payload
```markup
Click me first
Click me next
```
### Drag\&Drop + Click payload
```markup
.
1. Click and press delete button
3.Click me
2.DRAG ME TO THE RED BOX
```
### XSS + Clickjacking
If you have identified an **XSS attack that requires a user to click** on some element to **trigger** the XSS and the page is **vulnerable to clickjacking**, you could abuse it to trick the user into clicking the button/link.\
Example:\
_You found a **self XSS** in some private details of the account (details that **only you can set and read**). The page with the **form** to set these details is **vulnerable** to **Clickjacking** and you can **prepopulate** the **form** with the GET parameters._\
\_\_An attacker could prepare a **Clickjacking** attack to that page **prepopulating** the **form** with the **XSS payload** and **tricking** the **user** into **Submit** the form. So, **when the form is submitted** and the values are modified, the **user will execute the XSS**.
## Strategies to Mitigate Clickjacking
### Client-Side Defenses
Scripts executed on the client side can perform actions to prevent Clickjacking:
* Ensuring the application window is the main or top window.
* Making all frames visible.
* Preventing clicks on invisible frames.
* Detecting and alerting users to potential Clickjacking attempts.
However, these frame-busting scripts may be circumvented:
* **Browsers' Security Settings:** Some browsers might block these scripts based on their security settings or lack of JavaScript support.
* **HTML5 iframe `sandbox` Attribute:** An attacker can neutralize frame buster scripts by setting the `sandbox` attribute with `allow-forms` or `allow-scripts` values without `allow-top-navigation`. This prevents the iframe from verifying if it is the top window, e.g.,
```html
```
The `allow-forms` and `allow-scripts` values enable actions within the iframe while disabling top-level navigation. To ensure the intended functionality of the targeted site, additional permissions like `allow-same-origin` and `allow-modals` might be necessary, depending on the attack type. Browser console messages can guide which permissions to allow.
### Server-Side Defenses
#### X-Frame-Options
The **`X-Frame-Options` HTTP response header** informs browsers about the legitimacy of rendering a page in a `` or `
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