diff --git a/forensics/basic-forensic-methodology/specific-software-file-type-tricks/.pyc.md b/forensics/basic-forensic-methodology/specific-software-file-type-tricks/.pyc.md
index 7c180fcf8..a19459849 100644
--- a/forensics/basic-forensic-methodology/specific-software-file-type-tricks/.pyc.md
+++ b/forensics/basic-forensic-methodology/specific-software-file-type-tricks/.pyc.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## From Compiled Binary to .pyc
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Check the previous error documentation.
## Automatic Tool
-The **[python-exe-unpacker tool](https://github.com/countercept/python-exe-unpacker)** serves as a combination of several community-available tools designed to assist researchers in unpacking and decompiling executables written in Python, specifically those created with py2exe and pyinstaller. It includes YARA rules to identify if an executable is Python-based and confirms the creation tool.
+The [**python-exe-unpacker tool**](https://github.com/countercept/python-exe-unpacker) serves as a combination of several community-available tools designed to assist researchers in unpacking and decompiling executables written in Python, specifically those created with py2exe and pyinstaller. It includes YARA rules to identify if an executable is Python-based and confirms the creation tool.
### ImportError: File name: 'unpacked/malware\_3.exe/**pycache**/archive.cpython-35.pyc' doesn't exist
@@ -235,11 +235,11 @@ C:\Users\test\Desktop\test>pyinstaller --onefile hello.py
* [https://blog.f-secure.com/how-to-decompile-any-python-binary/](https://blog.f-secure.com/how-to-decompile-any-python-binary/)
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/generic-methodologies-and-resources/external-recon-methodology/README.md b/generic-methodologies-and-resources/external-recon-methodology/README.md
index 2768e4307..c4c5e84b8 100644
--- a/generic-methodologies-and-resources/external-recon-methodology/README.md
+++ b/generic-methodologies-and-resources/external-recon-methodology/README.md
@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
## Assets discoveries
@@ -721,10 +722,11 @@ There are several tools out there that will perform part of the proposed actions
* All free courses of [**@Jhaddix**](https://twitter.com/Jhaddix) like [**The Bug Hunter's Methodology v4.0 - Recon Edition**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4JgIu1mceI)
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -735,7 +737,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-methodology.md b/generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-methodology.md
index c574cb48d..d14918f89 100644
--- a/generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-methodology.md
+++ b/generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-methodology.md
@@ -9,17 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
## Pentesting Methodology
@@ -71,11 +70,6 @@ There are also several tools that can perform **automatic vulnerabilities assess
In some scenarios a **Brute-Force** could be useful to **compromise** a **service**. [**Find here a CheatSheet of different services brute forcing**](brute-force.md)**.**
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!\\
-
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
-
### 6- [Phishing](phishing-methodology/)
If at this point you haven't found any interesting vulnerability you **may need to try some phishing** in order to get inside the network. You can read my phishing methodology [here](phishing-methodology/):
@@ -129,7 +123,7 @@ Find here different ways to [**dump passwords in Windows**](broken-reference/).
**Use 2 o 3 different types of persistence mechanism so you won't need to exploit the system again.**\
**Here you can find some** [**persistence tricks on active directory**](../windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/#persistence)**.**
-TODO: Complete persistence Post in Windows & Linux
+TODO: Complete persistence Post in Windows & Linux
### 12 - Pivoting
@@ -156,10 +150,11 @@ Check also the page about [**NTLM**](../windows-hardening/ntlm/), it could be ve
* [**CBC-MAC**](../cryptography/cipher-block-chaining-cbc-mac-priv.md)
* [**Padding Oracle**](../cryptography/padding-oracle-priv.md)
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -170,7 +165,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/bypass-fs-protections-read-only-no-exec-distroless/README.md b/linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/bypass-fs-protections-read-only-no-exec-distroless/README.md
index 43670b345..d9eecb3c2 100644
--- a/linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/bypass-fs-protections-read-only-no-exec-distroless/README.md
+++ b/linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/bypass-fs-protections-read-only-no-exec-distroless/README.md
@@ -9,11 +9,17 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
+
+
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+
## Videos
In the following videos you can find the techniques mentioned in this page explained more in depth:
@@ -127,6 +133,12 @@ However, in this kind of containers these protections will usually exist, but yo
You can find **examples** on how to **exploit some RCE vulnerabilities** to get scripting languages **reverse shells** and execute binaries from memory in [**https://github.com/carlospolop/DistrolessRCE**](https://github.com/carlospolop/DistrolessRCE).
+
+
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+
Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero withhtARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!
@@ -136,7 +148,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-1.md b/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-1.md
index 2dbc0c25d..81bb77855 100644
--- a/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-1.md
+++ b/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-1.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
**This is a summary of the post**: [https://medium.com/infosec-adventures/introduction-to-frida-5a3f51595ca1](https://medium.com/infosec-adventures/introduction-to-frida-5a3f51595ca1)\
**APK**: [https://github.com/t0thkr1s/frida-demo/releases](https://github.com/t0thkr1s/frida-demo/releases)\
@@ -149,11 +149,11 @@ In this tutorial you have hooked methods using the name of the mathod and _.impl
You can see that in [the next tutorial](frida-tutorial-2.md).
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-2.md b/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-2.md
index caa9b89aa..6c3190e44 100644
--- a/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-2.md
+++ b/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-2.md
@@ -7,18 +7,16 @@
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
-
-
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
**This is a summary of the post**: [https://11x256.github.io/Frida-hooking-android-part-2/](https://11x256.github.io/Frida-hooking-android-part-2/) (Parts 2, 3 & 4)\
**APKs and Source code**: [https://github.com/11x256/frida-android-examples](https://github.com/11x256/frida-android-examples)
@@ -234,13 +232,11 @@ Java.perform(function () {
There is a part 5 that I am not going to explain because there isn't anything new. But if you want to read it is here: [https://11x256.github.io/Frida-hooking-android-part-5/](https://11x256.github.io/Frida-hooking-android-part-5/)
+
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-
-
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -249,7 +245,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
diff --git a/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/owaspuncrackable-1.md b/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/owaspuncrackable-1.md
index 2a136b929..84f133432 100644
--- a/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/owaspuncrackable-1.md
+++ b/mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/owaspuncrackable-1.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
***
@@ -130,11 +130,11 @@ Java.perform(function () {
});
```
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/network-services-pentesting/15672-pentesting-rabbitmq-management.md b/network-services-pentesting/15672-pentesting-rabbitmq-management.md
index 6f4e8223b..f7a8cdf2b 100644
--- a/network-services-pentesting/15672-pentesting-rabbitmq-management.md
+++ b/network-services-pentesting/15672-pentesting-rabbitmq-management.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## Basic Information
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ Content-Length: 267
* `port:15672 http`
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-snmp/README.md b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-snmp/README.md
index cd900fe30..06cd195ad 100644
--- a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-snmp/README.md
+++ b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-snmp/README.md
@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
## Basic Information
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ In versions 1 and 2/2c if you to use a **bad** community string the server wont
## Ports
-[From Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol#:~:text=All%20SNMP%20messages%20are%20transported,port%20161%20in%20the%20agent.):
+[From Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple\_Network\_Management\_Protocol):
* The SNMP agent receives requests on UDP port **161**.
* The manager receives notifications ([Traps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple\_Network\_Management\_Protocol#Trap) and [InformRequests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple\_Network\_Management\_Protocol#InformRequest)) on port **162**.
@@ -156,31 +157,30 @@ snmpwalk -v X -c public NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutputFull
### **Dangerous Settings**
-In the realm of network management, certain configurations and parameters are key to ensuring comprehensive monitoring and control.
+In the realm of network management, certain configurations and parameters are key to ensuring comprehensive monitoring and control.
### Access Settings
Two main settings enable access to the **full OID tree**, which is a crucial component in network management:
1. **`rwuser noauth`** is set to permit full access to the OID tree without the need for authentication. This setting is straightforward and allows for unrestricted access.
-
2. For more specific control, access can be granted using:
- - **`rwcommunity`** for **IPv4** addresses, and
- - **`rwcommunity6`** for **IPv6** addresses.
-
+ * **`rwcommunity`** for **IPv4** addresses, and
+ * **`rwcommunity6`** for **IPv6** addresses.
+
Both commands require a **community string** and the relevant IP address, offering full access irrespective of the request's origin.
### SNMP Parameters for Microsoft Windows
A series of **Management Information Base (MIB) values** are utilized to monitor various aspects of a Windows system through SNMP:
-- **System Processes**: Accessed via `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.6.0`, this parameter allows for the monitoring of active processes within the system.
-- **Running Programs**: The `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2` value is designated for tracking currently running programs.
-- **Processes Path**: To determine where a process is running from, the `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.4` MIB value is used.
-- **Storage Units**: The monitoring of storage units is facilitated by `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4`.
-- **Software Name**: To identify the software installed on a system, `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.2` is employed.
-- **User Accounts**: The `1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.25` value allows for the tracking of user accounts.
-- **TCP Local Ports**: Finally, `1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.3` is designated for monitoring TCP local ports, providing insight into active network connections.
+* **System Processes**: Accessed via `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.6.0`, this parameter allows for the monitoring of active processes within the system.
+* **Running Programs**: The `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2` value is designated for tracking currently running programs.
+* **Processes Path**: To determine where a process is running from, the `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.4` MIB value is used.
+* **Storage Units**: The monitoring of storage units is facilitated by `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2.3.1.4`.
+* **Software Name**: To identify the software installed on a system, `1.3.6.1.2.1.25.6.3.1.2` is employed.
+* **User Accounts**: The `1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.25` value allows for the tracking of user accounts.
+* **TCP Local Ports**: Finally, `1.3.6.1.2.1.6.13.1.3` is designated for monitoring TCP local ports, providing insight into active network connections.
### Cisco
@@ -212,15 +212,12 @@ braa ignite123@192.168.1.125:.1.3.6.*
This can extract a lot MB of information that you cannot process manually.
-
So, lets look for the most interesting information (from [https://blog.rapid7.com/2016/05/05/snmp-data-harvesting-during-penetration-testing/](https://blog.rapid7.com/2016/05/05/snmp-data-harvesting-during-penetration-testing/)):
-
### **Devices**
The process begins with the extraction of **sysDesc MIB data** (1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0) from each file to identify the devices. This is accomplished through the use of a **grep command**:
-
```bash
grep ".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0" *.snmp
```
@@ -249,7 +246,6 @@ Finally, to extract **email addresses** from the data, a **grep command** with a
grep -E -o "\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}\b" *.snmp
```
-
## Modifying SNMP values
You can use _**NetScanTools**_ to **modify values**. You will need to know the **private string** in order to do so.
@@ -264,6 +260,12 @@ If there is an ACL that only allows some IPs to query the SMNP service, you can
* snmpd.conf
* snmp-config.xml
+
+
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+
## HackTricks Automatic Commands
```
@@ -298,13 +300,10 @@ Entry_5:
Name: Hydra Brute Force
Description: Need Nothing
Command: hydra -P {Big_Passwordlist} -v {IP} snmp
+
+
```
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
-
Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero withhtARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!
@@ -314,7 +313,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-snmp/cisco-snmp.md b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-snmp/cisco-snmp.md
index ce164aca0..0da19af71 100644
--- a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-snmp/cisco-snmp.md
+++ b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-snmp/cisco-snmp.md
@@ -7,33 +7,39 @@
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
-# Pentesting Cisco Networks
+
+
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+
+## Pentesting Cisco Networks
**SNMP** functions over UDP with ports 161/UDP for general messages and 162/UDP for trap messages. This protocol relies on community strings, serving as passwords that enable communication between SNMP agents and servers. These strings are pivotal for they determine access levels, specifically **read-only (RO) or read-write (RW) permissions**. A notable attack vector for pentesters is the **brute-forcing of community strings**, aiming to infiltrate network devices.
-A practical tool for executing such brute-force attacks is **[onesixtyone](https://github.com/trailofbits/onesixtyone)**, which necessitates a list of potential community strings and the IP addresses of the targets:
+A practical tool for executing such brute-force attacks is [**onesixtyone**](https://github.com/trailofbits/onesixtyone), which necessitates a list of potential community strings and the IP addresses of the targets:
```bash
onesixtyone -c communitystrings -i targets
```
-### `cisco_config_tftp`
+#### `cisco_config_tftp`
The Metasploit framework features the `cisco_config_tftp` module, facilitating the extraction of device configurations, contingent upon acquiring an RW community string. Essential parameters for this operation include:
-- RW community string (**COMMUNITY**)
-- Attacker's IP (**LHOST**)
-- Target device's IP (**RHOSTS**)
-- Destination path for the configuration files (**OUTPUTDIR**)
+* RW community string (**COMMUNITY**)
+* Attacker's IP (**LHOST**)
+* Target device's IP (**RHOSTS**)
+* Destination path for the configuration files (**OUTPUTDIR**)
Upon configuration, this module enables the download of device settings directly to a specified folder.
-### `snmp_enum`
+#### `snmp_enum`
Another Metasploit module, **`snmp_enum`**, specializes in gathering detailed hardware information. It operates with either type of community string and requires the target's IP address for successful execution:
@@ -44,8 +50,14 @@ msf6 auxiliary(scanner/snmp/snmp_enum) > exploit
```
## References
+
* [https://medium.com/@in9uz/cisco-nightmare-pentesting-cisco-networks-like-a-devil-f4032eb437b9](https://medium.com/@in9uz/cisco-nightmare-pentesting-cisco-networks-like-a-devil-f4032eb437b9)
+
+
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -54,7 +66,7 @@ msf6 auxiliary(scanner/snmp/snmp_enum) > exploit
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
diff --git a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ssh.md b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ssh.md
index ce0cc27af..db315f3fa 100644
--- a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ssh.md
+++ b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ssh.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## Basic Information
@@ -334,11 +334,11 @@ id_rsa
* You can find interesting guides on how to harden SSH in [https://www.ssh-audit.com/hardening\_guides.html](https://www.ssh-audit.com/hardening\_guides.html)
* [https://community.turgensec.com/ssh-hacking-guide](https://community.turgensec.com/ssh-hacking-guide)
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## HackTricks Automatic Commands
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/README.md b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/README.md
index 94165c282..1fafcb6b8 100644
--- a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/README.md
+++ b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/README.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
## Basic Info
@@ -363,6 +363,12 @@ Find more info about web vulns in:
You can use tools such as [https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io](https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io) to monitor pages for modifications that might insert vulnerabilities.
+
+
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+
### HackTricks Automatic Commands
```
@@ -435,11 +441,6 @@ Entry_12:
Command: ffuf -w {Subdomain_List}:FUZZ -u {Web_Proto}://{Domain_Name} -H "Host:FUZZ.{Domain_Name}" -c -mc all {Ffuf_Filters}
```
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
-
Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero withhtARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!
@@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jboss.md b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jboss.md
index 25bea33df..ce18ccced 100644
--- a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jboss.md
+++ b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jboss.md
@@ -9,23 +9,23 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## Enumeration and Exploitation Techniques
When assessing the security of web applications, certain paths like _/web-console/ServerInfo.jsp_ and _/status?full=true_ are key for revealing **server details**. For JBoss servers, paths such as _/admin-console_, _/jmx-console_, _/management_, and _/web-console_ can be crucial. These paths might allow access to **management servlets** with default credentials often set to **admin/admin**. This access facilitates interaction with MBeans through specific servlets:
-- For JBoss versions 6 and 7, **/web-console/Invoker** is used.
-- In JBoss 5 and earlier versions, **/invoker/JMXInvokerServlet** and **/invoker/EJBInvokerServlet** are available.
+* For JBoss versions 6 and 7, **/web-console/Invoker** is used.
+* In JBoss 5 and earlier versions, **/invoker/JMXInvokerServlet** and **/invoker/EJBInvokerServlet** are available.
Tools like **clusterd**, available at [https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd](https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd), and the Metasploit module `auxiliary/scanner/http/jboss_vulnscan` can be used for enumeration and potential exploitation of vulnerabilities in JBOSS services.
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ To exploit vulnerabilities, resources such as [JexBoss](https://github.com/joaom
Google Dorking can aid in identifying vulnerable servers with a query like: `inurl:status EJInvokerServlet`
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jira.md b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jira.md
index a08a2012e..79001f1a9 100644
--- a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jira.md
+++ b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jira.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-
+# JIRA
@@ -9,73 +9,82 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
+
-## Check Privileges
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+
+### Check Privileges
In Jira, **privileges can be checked** by any user, authenticated or not, through the endpoints `/rest/api/2/mypermissions` or `/rest/api/3/mypermissions`. These endpoints reveal the user's current privileges. A notable concern arises when **non-authenticated users hold privileges**, indicating a **security vulnerability** that could potentially be eligible for a **bounty**. Similarly, **unexpected privileges for authenticated users** also highlight a **vulnerability**.
An important **update** was made on **1st February 2019**, requiring the 'mypermissions' endpoint to include a **'permission' parameter**. This requirement aims to **enhance security** by specifying the privileges being queried: [check it here](https://developer.atlassian.com/cloud/jira/platform/change-notice-get-my-permissions-requires-permissions-query-parameter/#change-notice---get-my-permissions-resource-will-require-a-permissions-query-parameter)
-- ADD_COMMENTS
-- ADMINISTER
-- ADMINISTER_PROJECTS
-- ASSIGNABLE_USER
-- ASSIGN_ISSUES
-- BROWSE_PROJECTS
-- BULK_CHANGE
-- CLOSE_ISSUES
-- CREATE_ATTACHMENTS
-- CREATE_ISSUES
-- CREATE_PROJECT
-- CREATE_SHARED_OBJECTS
-- DELETE_ALL_ATTACHMENTS
-- DELETE_ALL_COMMENTS
-- DELETE_ALL_WORKLOGS
-- DELETE_ISSUES
-- DELETE_OWN_ATTACHMENTS
-- DELETE_OWN_COMMENTS
-- DELETE_OWN_WORKLOGS
-- EDIT_ALL_COMMENTS
-- EDIT_ALL_WORKLOGS
-- EDIT_ISSUES
-- EDIT_OWN_COMMENTS
-- EDIT_OWN_WORKLOGS
-- LINK_ISSUES
-- MANAGE_GROUP_FILTER_SUBSCRIPTIONS
-- MANAGE_SPRINTS_PERMISSION
-- MANAGE_WATCHERS
-- MODIFY_REPORTER
-- MOVE_ISSUES
-- RESOLVE_ISSUES
-- SCHEDULE_ISSUES
-- SET_ISSUE_SECURITY
-- SYSTEM_ADMIN
-- TRANSITION_ISSUES
-- USER_PICKER
-- VIEW_AGGREGATED_DATA
-- VIEW_DEV_TOOLS
-- VIEW_READONLY_WORKFLOW
-- VIEW_VOTERS_AND_WATCHERS
-- WORK_ON_ISSUES
+* ADD\_COMMENTS
+* ADMINISTER
+* ADMINISTER\_PROJECTS
+* ASSIGNABLE\_USER
+* ASSIGN\_ISSUES
+* BROWSE\_PROJECTS
+* BULK\_CHANGE
+* CLOSE\_ISSUES
+* CREATE\_ATTACHMENTS
+* CREATE\_ISSUES
+* CREATE\_PROJECT
+* CREATE\_SHARED\_OBJECTS
+* DELETE\_ALL\_ATTACHMENTS
+* DELETE\_ALL\_COMMENTS
+* DELETE\_ALL\_WORKLOGS
+* DELETE\_ISSUES
+* DELETE\_OWN\_ATTACHMENTS
+* DELETE\_OWN\_COMMENTS
+* DELETE\_OWN\_WORKLOGS
+* EDIT\_ALL\_COMMENTS
+* EDIT\_ALL\_WORKLOGS
+* EDIT\_ISSUES
+* EDIT\_OWN\_COMMENTS
+* EDIT\_OWN\_WORKLOGS
+* LINK\_ISSUES
+* MANAGE\_GROUP\_FILTER\_SUBSCRIPTIONS
+* MANAGE\_SPRINTS\_PERMISSION
+* MANAGE\_WATCHERS
+* MODIFY\_REPORTER
+* MOVE\_ISSUES
+* RESOLVE\_ISSUES
+* SCHEDULE\_ISSUES
+* SET\_ISSUE\_SECURITY
+* SYSTEM\_ADMIN
+* TRANSITION\_ISSUES
+* USER\_PICKER
+* VIEW\_AGGREGATED\_DATA
+* VIEW\_DEV\_TOOLS
+* VIEW\_READONLY\_WORKFLOW
+* VIEW\_VOTERS\_AND\_WATCHERS
+* WORK\_ON\_ISSUES
Example: `https://your-domain.atlassian.net/rest/api/2/mypermissions?permissions=BROWSE_PROJECTS,CREATE_ISSUES,ADMINISTER_PROJECTS`
-
```bash
#Check non-authenticated privileges
curl https://jira.some.example.com/rest/api/2/mypermissions | jq | grep -iB6 '"havePermission": true'
```
-## Automated enumeration
+### Automated enumeration
* [https://github.com/0x48piraj/Jiraffe](https://github.com/0x48piraj/Jiraffe)
* [https://github.com/bcoles/jira\_scan](https://github.com/bcoles/jira\_scan)
+
+
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -86,9 +95,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
-
diff --git a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/moodle.md b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/moodle.md
index 11f2dce98..d6e429f1e 100644
--- a/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/moodle.md
+++ b/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/moodle.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## Automatic Scans
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ find / -name "config.php" 2>/dev/null | grep "moodle/config.php"
/usr/local/bin/mysql -u --password= -e "use moodle; select email,username,password from mdl_user; exit"
```
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/pentesting-web/crlf-0d-0a.md b/pentesting-web/crlf-0d-0a.md
index 213473aa6..30a1450a2 100644
--- a/pentesting-web/crlf-0d-0a.md
+++ b/pentesting-web/crlf-0d-0a.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
### CRLF
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ IP - Time - Visited Path
The attacker thus cloaks their malicious activities by making it appear as if the localhost (an entity typically trusted within the server environment) performed the actions. The server interprets the part of the query starting with `%0d%0a` as a single parameter, while the `restrictedaction` parameter is parsed as another, separate input. The manipulated query effectively mimics a legitimate administrative command: `/index.php?page=home&restrictedaction=edit`
-
### HTTP Response Splitting
#### Description
@@ -65,9 +64,9 @@ HTTP Response Splitting is a security vulnerability that arises when an attacker
#### XSS through HTTP Response Splitting
1. The application sets a custom header like this: `X-Custom-Header: UserInput`
-2. The application fetches the value for `UserInput` from a query parameter, say "user_input". In scenarios lacking proper input validation and encoding, an attacker can craft a payload that includes the CRLF sequence, followed by malicious content.
-3. An attacker crafts a URL with a specially crafted 'user_input': `?user_input=Value%0d%0a%0d%0a`
- - In this URL, `%0d%0a%0d%0a` is the URL-encoded form of CRLFCRLF. It tricks the server into inserting a CRLF sequence, making the server treat the subsequent part as the response body.
+2. The application fetches the value for `UserInput` from a query parameter, say "user\_input". In scenarios lacking proper input validation and encoding, an attacker can craft a payload that includes the CRLF sequence, followed by malicious content.
+3. An attacker crafts a URL with a specially crafted 'user\_input': `?user_input=Value%0d%0a%0d%0a`
+ * In this URL, `%0d%0a%0d%0a` is the URL-encoded form of CRLFCRLF. It tricks the server into inserting a CRLF sequence, making the server treat the subsequent part as the response body.
4. The server reflects the attacker's input in the response header, leading to an unintended response structure where the malicious script is interpreted by the browser as part of the response body.
#### An example of HTTP Response Splitting leading to Redirect
@@ -156,7 +155,6 @@ Afterward, a second request can be specified. This scenario typically involves [
**Exploitation:**
-
1. **Malicious Prefix Injection**: This method involves poisoning the next user's request or a web cache by specifying a malicious prefix. An example of this is:
`GET /%20HTTP/1.1%0d%0aHost:%20redacted.net%0d%0aConnection:%20keep-alive%0d%0a%0d%0aGET%20/redirplz%20HTTP/1.1%0d%0aHost:%20oastify.com%0d%0a%0d%0aContent-Length:%2050%0d%0a%0d%0a HTTP/1.1`
@@ -179,25 +177,19 @@ If a platform is taking **data from an HTTP request and using it without sanitiz
For example, in the original discovered vuln, cache keys were used to return the IP and port a user shuold connect to, and attackers were able to **inject memcache comands** that would **poison** the **cache to send the vistims details** (usrnames and passwords included) to the attacker servers:
-
+
Moreover, researchers also discovered that they could desync the memcache responses to send the attackers ip and ports to users whose email the attacker didn't know:
-
+
### How to Prevent CRLF / HTTP Header Injections in Web Applications
To mitigate the risks of CRLF (Carriage Return and Line Feed) or HTTP Header Injections in web applications, the following strategies are recommended:
-1. **Avoid Direct User Input in Response Headers:**
- The safest approach is to refrain from incorporating user-supplied input directly into response headers.
-
-2. **Encode Special Characters:**
- If avoiding direct user input is not feasible, ensure to employ a function dedicated to encoding special characters like CR (Carriage Return) and LF (Line Feed). This practice prevents the possibility of CRLF injection.
-
-3. **Update Programming Language:**
- Regularly update the programming language used in your web applications to the latest version. Opt for a version that inherently disallows the injection of CR and LF characters within functions tasked with setting HTTP headers.
-
+1. **Avoid Direct User Input in Response Headers:** The safest approach is to refrain from incorporating user-supplied input directly into response headers.
+2. **Encode Special Characters:** If avoiding direct user input is not feasible, ensure to employ a function dedicated to encoding special characters like CR (Carriage Return) and LF (Line Feed). This practice prevents the possibility of CRLF injection.
+3. **Update Programming Language:** Regularly update the programming language used in your web applications to the latest version. Opt for a version that inherently disallows the injection of CR and LF characters within functions tasked with setting HTTP headers.
### CHEATSHEET
@@ -235,16 +227,17 @@ To mitigate the risks of CRLF (Carriage Return and Line Feed) or HTTP Header Inj
* [https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto\_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/crlf.txt](https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto\_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/crlf.txt)
## References
+
* [**https://www.invicti.com/blog/web-security/crlf-http-header/**](https://www.invicti.com/blog/web-security/crlf-http-header/)
* [**https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/crlf-injection/**](https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/crlf-injection/)
* [**https://portswigger.net/research/making-http-header-injection-critical-via-response-queue-poisoning**](https://portswigger.net/research/making-http-header-injection-critical-via-response-queue-poisoning)
* [**https://www.netsparker.com/blog/web-security/crlf-http-header/**](https://www.netsparker.com/blog/web-security/crlf-http-header/)
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -255,7 +248,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/pentesting-web/deserialization/exploiting-__viewstate-parameter.md b/pentesting-web/deserialization/exploiting-__viewstate-parameter.md
index 95c49443f..86a6b143b 100644
--- a/pentesting-web/deserialization/exploiting-__viewstate-parameter.md
+++ b/pentesting-web/deserialization/exploiting-__viewstate-parameter.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## What is ViewState
@@ -26,28 +26,22 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
ViewState information can be characterized by the following properties or their combinations:
-- **Base64**:
- - This format is utilized when both `EnableViewStateMac` and `ViewStateEncryptionMode` attributes are set to false.
-
-- **Base64 + MAC (Message Authentication Code) Enabled**:
- - Activation of MAC is achieved by setting the `EnableViewStateMac` attribute to true. This provides integrity verification for ViewState data.
-
-- **Base64 + Encrypted**:
- - Encryption is applied when the `ViewStateEncryptionMode` attribute is set to true, ensuring the confidentiality of ViewState data.
+* **Base64**:
+ * This format is utilized when both `EnableViewStateMac` and `ViewStateEncryptionMode` attributes are set to false.
+* **Base64 + MAC (Message Authentication Code) Enabled**:
+ * Activation of MAC is achieved by setting the `EnableViewStateMac` attribute to true. This provides integrity verification for ViewState data.
+* **Base64 + Encrypted**:
+ * Encryption is applied when the `ViewStateEncryptionMode` attribute is set to true, ensuring the confidentiality of ViewState data.
## Test Cases
The image is a table detailing different configurations for ViewState in ASP.NET based on the .NET framework version. Here's a summary of the content:
1. For **any version of .NET**, when both MAC and Encryption are disabled, a MachineKey is not required, and thus there's no applicable method to identify it.
-
2. For **versions below 4.5**, if MAC is enabled but Encryption is not, a MachineKey is required. The method to identify the MachineKey is referred to as "Blacklist3r."
-
3. For **versions below 4.5**, regardless of whether MAC is enabled or disabled, if Encryption is enabled, a MachineKey is needed. Identifying the MachineKey is a task for "Blacklist3r - Future Development."
-
4. For **versions 4.5 and above**, all combinations of MAC and Encryption (whether both are true, or one is true and the other is false) necessitate a MachineKey. The MachineKey can be identified using "Blacklist3r."
-
### Test Case: 1 – EnableViewStateMac=false and viewStateEncryptionMode=false
It is also possible to disable the ViewStateMAC completely by setting the `AspNetEnforceViewStateMac` registry key to zero in:
@@ -70,7 +64,6 @@ Developers can **remove ViewState** from becoming part of an HTTP Request (the u
One may assume that if **ViewState** is **not present**, their implementation is **secure** from any potential vulnerabilities arising with ViewState deserialization.\
However, that is not the case. If we **add ViewState parameter** to the request body and send our serialized payload created using ysoserial, we will still be able to achieve **code execution** as shown in **Case 1**.
-
### Test Case: 2 – .Net < 4.5 and EnableViewStateMac=true & ViewStateEncryptionMode=false
In order to **enable ViewState MAC** for a **specific page** we need to make following changes on a specific aspx file:
@@ -103,7 +96,6 @@ AspDotNetWrapper.exe --keypath MachineKeys.txt --encrypteddata /wEPDwUKLTkyMTY0M
--modifier : __VIWESTATEGENERATOR parameter value
```
-
[**Badsecrets**](https://github.com/blacklanternsecurity/badsecrets) is another tool which can identify known machineKeys. It is written in Python, so unlike Blacklist3r, there is no Windows dependency. For .NET viewstates, there is a "python blacklist3r" utility, which is the quickest way to use it.
It can either be supplied with the viewstate and generator directly:
@@ -211,7 +203,6 @@ If you have the value of `__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR` you can try to **use** the `--ge
A successful exploitation of the ViewState deserialization vulnerability will lead to an out-of-band request to an attacker-controlled server, which includes the username. This kind of exploit is demonstrated in a proof of concept (PoC) which can be found through a resource titled "Exploiting ViewState Deserialization using Blacklist3r and YsoSerial.NET". For further details on how the exploitation process works and how to utilize tools like Blacklist3r for identifying the MachineKey, you can review the provided [PoC of Successful Exploitation](https://www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-viewstate-deserialization-using-blacklist3r-and-ysoserial-net/#PoC).
-
### Test Case 6 – ViewStateUserKeys is being used
The **ViewStateUserKey** property can be used to **defend** against a **CSRF attack**. If such a key has been defined in the application and we try to generate the **ViewState** payload with the methods discussed till now, the **payload won’t be processed by the application**.\
@@ -225,7 +216,7 @@ You need to use one more parameter in order to create correctly the payload:
For all the test cases, if the ViewState YSoSerial.Net payload works **successfully** then the server responds with “**500 Internal server error**” having response content “**The state information is invalid for this page and might be corrupted**” and we get the OOB reques.
-Check for [further information here]([**https://www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-viewstate-deserialization-using-blacklist3r-and-ysoserial-net/**](https://www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-viewstate-deserialization-using-blacklist3r-and-ysoserial-net/))
+Check for [further information here](\[\*\*https:/www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-viewstate-deserialization-using-blacklist3r-and-ysoserial-net/\*\*]\(https:/www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-viewstate-deserialization-using-blacklist3r-and-ysoserial-net/\)/)
## References
@@ -234,11 +225,11 @@ Check for [further information here]([**https://www.notsosecure.com/exploiting-v
* [**https://soroush.secproject.com/blog/2019/04/exploiting-deserialisation-in-asp-net-via-viewstate/**](https://soroush.secproject.com/blog/2019/04/exploiting-deserialisation-in-asp-net-via-viewstate/)
* [**https://blog.blacklanternsecurity.com/p/introducing-badsecrets**](https://blog.blacklanternsecurity.com/p/introducing-badsecrets)
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -249,7 +240,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/pentesting-web/file-inclusion/phar-deserialization.md b/pentesting-web/file-inclusion/phar-deserialization.md
index 5483203b6..1a3966548 100644
--- a/pentesting-web/file-inclusion/phar-deserialization.md
+++ b/pentesting-web/file-inclusion/phar-deserialization.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
**Phar** files (PHP Archive) files **contain meta data in serialized format**, so, when parsed, this **metadata** is **deserialized** and you can try to abuse a **deserialization** vulnerability inside the **PHP** code.
@@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ php vuln.php
{% embed url="https://blog.ripstech.com/2018/new-php-exploitation-technique/" %}
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/pentesting-web/file-upload/README.md b/pentesting-web/file-upload/README.md
index 41301eeac..625c02d35 100644
--- a/pentesting-web/file-upload/README.md
+++ b/pentesting-web/file-upload/README.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (638) (3).png>)
+
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
## File Upload General Methodology
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ If you can upload a XML file into a Jetty server you can obtain [RCE because **n
For a detailed exploration of this vulnerability check the original research: [uWSGI RCE Exploitation](https://blog.doyensec.com/2023/02/28/new-vector-for-dirty-arbitrary-file-write-2-rce.html).
-
Remote Command Execution (RCE) vulnerabilities can be exploited in uWSGI servers if one has the capability to modify the `.ini` configuration file. uWSGI configuration files leverage a specific syntax to incorporate "magic" variables, placeholders, and operators. Notably, the '@' operator, utilized as `@(filename)`, is designed to include the contents of a file. Among the various supported schemes in uWSGI, the "exec" scheme is particularly potent, allowing the reading of data from a process's standard output. This feature can be manipulated for nefarious purposes such as Remote Command Execution or Arbitrary File Write/Read when a `.ini` configuration file is processed.
Consider the following example of a harmful `uwsgi.ini` file, showcasing various schemes:
@@ -181,7 +180,6 @@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 100%[=============================================
Note that **another option** you may be thinking of to bypass this check is to make the **HTTP server redirect to a different file**, so the initial URL will bypass the check by then wget will download the redirected file with the new name. This **won't work** **unless** wget is being used with the **parameter** `--trust-server-names` because **wget will download the redirected page with the name of the file indicated in the original URL**.
-
## Tools
* [Upload Bypass](https://github.com/sAjibuu/Upload\_Bypass) is a powerful tool designed to assist Pentesters and Bug Hunters in testing file upload mechanisms. It leverages various bug bounty techniques to simplify the process of identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities, ensuring thorough assessments of web applications.
@@ -281,9 +279,8 @@ create_zip()
For further details **check the original post in**: [https://blog.silentsignal.eu/2014/01/31/file-upload-unzip/](https://blog.silentsignal.eu/2014/01/31/file-upload-unzip/)
+1. **Creating a PHP Shell**: PHP code is written to execute commands passed through the `$_REQUEST` variable.
-1. **Creating a PHP Shell**:
- PHP code is written to execute commands passed through the `$_REQUEST` variable.
```php
```
+2. **File Spraying and Compressed File Creation**: Multiple files are created and a zip archive is assembled containing these files.
-2. **File Spraying and Compressed File Creation**:
- Multiple files are created and a zip archive is assembled containing these files.
```bash
root@s2crew:/tmp# for i in `seq 1 10`;do FILE=$FILE"xxA"; cp simple-backdoor.php $FILE"cmd.php";done
root@s2crew:/tmp# zip cmd.zip xx*.php
```
+3. **Modification with a Hex Editor or vi**: The names of the files inside the zip are altered using vi or a hex editor, changing "xxA" to "../" to traverse directories.
-3. **Modification with a Hex Editor or vi**:
- The names of the files inside the zip are altered using vi or a hex editor, changing "xxA" to "../" to traverse directories.
```bash
:set modifiable
:%s/xxA/..\//g
:x!
```
-
## ImageTragic
-Upload this content with an image extension to exploit the vulnerability **(ImageMagick , 7.0.1-1)**
-(form the [exploit](https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39767))
+Upload this content with an image extension to exploit the vulnerability **(ImageMagick , 7.0.1-1)** (form the [exploit](https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39767))
```
push graphic-context
@@ -347,11 +340,11 @@ More information in: [https://medium.com/swlh/polyglot-files-a-hackers-best-frie
* [https://www.idontplaydarts.com/2012/06/encoding-web-shells-in-png-idat-chunks/](https://www.idontplaydarts.com/2012/06/encoding-web-shells-in-png-idat-chunks/)
* [https://medium.com/swlh/polyglot-files-a-hackers-best-friend-850bf812dd8a](https://medium.com/swlh/polyglot-files-a-hackers-best-friend-850bf812dd8a)
+
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -362,7 +355,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/pentesting-web/hacking-jwt-json-web-tokens.md b/pentesting-web/hacking-jwt-json-web-tokens.md
index 7fd14956e..2d53ab6cb 100644
--- a/pentesting-web/hacking-jwt-json-web-tokens.md
+++ b/pentesting-web/hacking-jwt-json-web-tokens.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (638) (3).png>)
+
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
**Part of this post is based in the awesome post:** [**https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt\_tool/wiki/Attack-Methodology**](https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt\_tool/wiki/Attack-Methodology)\
**Author of the great tool to pentest JWTs** [**https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt\_tool**](https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt\_tool)
@@ -51,17 +51,16 @@ You can just tamper with the data leaving the signature as is and check if the s
To check if a JWT's signature is being verified:
-- An error message suggests ongoing verification; sensitive details in verbose errors should be reviewed.
-- A change in the returned page also indicates verification.
-- No change suggests no verification; this is when to experiment with tampering payload claims.
-
+* An error message suggests ongoing verification; sensitive details in verbose errors should be reviewed.
+* A change in the returned page also indicates verification.
+* No change suggests no verification; this is when to experiment with tampering payload claims.
### Origin
It's important to determine whether the token was generated server-side or client-side by examining the proxy's request history.
-- Tokens first seen from the client side suggest the key might be exposed to client-side code, necessitating further investigation.
-- Tokens originating server-side indicate a secure process.
+* Tokens first seen from the client side suggest the key might be exposed to client-side code, necessitating further investigation.
+* Tokens originating server-side indicate a secure process.
### Duration
@@ -102,19 +101,18 @@ This can be done with the "JSON Web Tokens" Burp extension.\
The instructions detail a method to assess the security of JWT tokens, particularly those employing a "jku" header claim. This claim should link to a JWKS (JSON Web Key Set) file that contains the public key necessary for the token's verification.
-- **Assessing Tokens with "jku" Header**:
- - Verify the "jku" claim's URL to ensure it leads to the appropriate JWKS file.
- - Modify the token's "jku" value to direct towards a controlled web service, allowing traffic observation.
+* **Assessing Tokens with "jku" Header**:
+ * Verify the "jku" claim's URL to ensure it leads to the appropriate JWKS file.
+ * Modify the token's "jku" value to direct towards a controlled web service, allowing traffic observation.
+* **Monitoring for HTTP Interaction**:
+ * Observing HTTP requests to your specified URL indicates the server's attempts to fetch keys from your provided link.
+ * When employing `jwt_tool` for this process, it's crucial to update the `jwtconf.ini` file with your personal JWKS location to facilitate the testing.
+* **Command for `jwt_tool`**:
+ * Execute the following command to simulate the scenario with `jwt_tool`:
-- **Monitoring for HTTP Interaction**:
- - Observing HTTP requests to your specified URL indicates the server's attempts to fetch keys from your provided link.
- - When employing `jwt_tool` for this process, it's crucial to update the `jwtconf.ini` file with your personal JWKS location to facilitate the testing.
-
-- **Command for `jwt_tool`**:
- - Execute the following command to simulate the scenario with `jwt_tool`:
- ```bash
- python3 jwt_tool.py JWT_HERE -X s
- ```
+ ```bash
+ python3 jwt_tool.py JWT_HERE -X s
+ ```
### Kid Issues Overview
@@ -126,7 +124,7 @@ When the `kid` claim is present in the header, it's advised to search the web di
#### Path Traversal with "kid"
-The `kid` claim might also be exploited to navigate through the file system, potentially allowing the selection of an arbitrary file. It's feasible to test for connectivity or execute Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks by altering the `kid` value to target specific files or services. Tampering with the JWT to change the `kid` value while retaining the original signature can be achieved using the `-T` flag in jwt_tool, as demonstrated below:
+The `kid` claim might also be exploited to navigate through the file system, potentially allowing the selection of an arbitrary file. It's feasible to test for connectivity or execute Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks by altering the `kid` value to target specific files or services. Tampering with the JWT to change the `kid` value while retaining the original signature can be achieved using the `-T` flag in jwt\_tool, as demonstrated below:
```bash
python3 jwt_tool.py -I -hc kid -hv "../../dev/null" -S hs256 -p ""
@@ -263,23 +261,23 @@ However, imagine a situation where the maximun length of the ID is 4 (0001-9999)
It has been observed that some web applications rely on a trusted JWT service for the generation and management of their tokens. Instances have been recorded where a token, generated for one client by the JWT service, was accepted by another client of the same JWT service. If the issuance or renewal of a JWT via a third-party service is observed, the possibility of signing up for an account on another client of that service using the same username/email should be investigated. An attempt should then be made to replay the obtained token in a request to the target to see if it is accepted.
-- A critical issue may be indicated by the acceptance of your token, potentially allowing the spoofing of any user's account. However, it should be noted that permission for wider testing might be required if signing up on a third-party application, as this could enter a legal grey area.
+* A critical issue may be indicated by the acceptance of your token, potentially allowing the spoofing of any user's account. However, it should be noted that permission for wider testing might be required if signing up on a third-party application, as this could enter a legal grey area.
**Expiry Check of Tokens**
-The token's expiry is checked using the "exp" Payload claim. Given that JWTs are often employed without session information, careful handling is required. In many instances, capturing and replaying another user's JWT could enable impersonation of that user. The JWT RFC recommends mitigating JWT replay attacks by utilizing the "exp" claim to set an expiry time for the token. Furthermore, the implementation of relevant checks by the application to ensure the processing of this value and the rejection of expired tokens is crucial. If the token includes an "exp" claim and testing time limits allow, storing the token and replaying it after the expiry time has passed is advised. The content of the token, including timestamp parsing and expiry checking (timestamp in UTC), can be read using the jwt_tool's -R flag.
-
-- A security risk may be present if the application still validates the token, as it may imply that the token could never expire.
+The token's expiry is checked using the "exp" Payload claim. Given that JWTs are often employed without session information, careful handling is required. In many instances, capturing and replaying another user's JWT could enable impersonation of that user. The JWT RFC recommends mitigating JWT replay attacks by utilizing the "exp" claim to set an expiry time for the token. Furthermore, the implementation of relevant checks by the application to ensure the processing of this value and the rejection of expired tokens is crucial. If the token includes an "exp" claim and testing time limits allow, storing the token and replaying it after the expiry time has passed is advised. The content of the token, including timestamp parsing and expiry checking (timestamp in UTC), can be read using the jwt\_tool's -R flag.
+* A security risk may be present if the application still validates the token, as it may imply that the token could never expire.
### Tools
{% embed url="https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool" %}
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -290,7 +288,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md b/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md
index 6f21c6e30..eb6dbdd93 100644
--- a/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md
+++ b/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
## LDAP Injection
@@ -234,10 +235,11 @@ intitle:"phpLDAPadmin" inurl:cmd.php
{% embed url="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/LDAP%20Injection" %}
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/README.md b/pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/README.md
index 6ea42a2a7..d153cba5e 100644
--- a/pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/README.md
+++ b/pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/README.md
@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
***
@@ -105,10 +106,11 @@ SELECT $$hacktricks$$;
SELECT $TAG$hacktricks$TAG$;
```
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/pentesting-web/xss-cross-site-scripting/README.md b/pentesting-web/xss-cross-site-scripting/README.md
index 5816b6692..2aaff02d4 100644
--- a/pentesting-web/xss-cross-site-scripting/README.md
+++ b/pentesting-web/xss-cross-site-scripting/README.md
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
# XSS (Cross Site Scripting)
-/
+
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
## Methodology
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Some **examples**:
When your input is reflected **inside the HTML page** or you can escape and inject HTML code in this context the **first** thing you need to do if check if you can abuse `<` to create new tags: Just try to **reflect** that **char** and check if it's being **HTML encoded** or **deleted** of if it is **reflected without changes**. **Only in the last case you will be able to exploit this case**.\
For this cases also **keep in mind** [**Client Side Template Injection**](../client-side-template-injection-csti.md)**.**\
-_**Note: A HTML comment can be closed using `-->` or `--!>`**_
+_**Note: A HTML comment can be closed using**** ****`-->`**** ****or**** ****`--!>`**_
In this case and if no black/whitelisting is used, you could use payloads like:
@@ -1456,7 +1456,7 @@ If you cannot inject HTML tags it could be worth it to try to **inject PDF data*
AMP, aimed at accelerating web page performance on mobile devices, incorporates HTML tags supplemented by JavaScript to ensure functionality with an emphasis on speed and security. It supports a range of components for various features, accessible via [AMP components](https://amp.dev/documentation/components/?format=websites).
-The [**AMP for Email**](https://amp.dev/documentation/guides-and-tutorials/learn/email-spec/amp-email-format/) format extends specific AMP components to emails, enabling recipients to interact with content directly within their emails.
+The [**AMP for Email**](https://amp.dev/documentation/guides-and-tutorials/learn/email-spec/amp-email-format/) format extends specific AMP components to emails, enabling recipients to interact with content directly within their emails.
Example [**writeup XSS in Amp4Email in Gmail**](https://adico.me/post/xss-in-gmail-s-amp4email).
@@ -1536,11 +1536,11 @@ Find **more SVG payloads in** [**https://github.com/allanlw/svg-cheatsheet**](ht
* [https://gist.github.com/rvrsh3ll/09a8b933291f9f98e8ec](https://gist.github.com/rvrsh3ll/09a8b933291f9f98e8ec)
* [https://netsec.expert/2020/02/01/xss-in-2020.html](https://netsec.expert/2020/02/01/xss-in-2020.html)
+
-\
-**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
+If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
-{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
+{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/silver-ticket.md b/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/silver-ticket.md
index 9c474b626..9feb13f26 100644
--- a/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/silver-ticket.md
+++ b/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/silver-ticket.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## Silver ticket
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ mimikatz(commandline) # lsadump::dcsync /dc:pcdc.domain.local /domain:domain.loc
**Learn more about DCSync** in the following page:
## References
+
* [https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/kerberos-silver-tickets](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/kerberos-silver-tickets)
* [https://www.tarlogic.com/blog/how-to-attack-kerberos/](https://www.tarlogic.com/blog/how-to-attack-kerberos/)
@@ -165,11 +166,11 @@ mimikatz(commandline) # lsadump::dcsync /dc:pcdc.domain.local /domain:domain.loc
[dcsync.md](dcsync.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/dll-hijacking.md b/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/dll-hijacking.md
index 47b538ffa..8b4e20d56 100644
--- a/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/dll-hijacking.md
+++ b/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/dll-hijacking.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## Basic Information
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ Several methods are employed for DLL hijacking, each with its effectiveness depe
5. **WinSxS DLL Replacement**: Substituting the legitimate DLL with a malicious counterpart in the WinSxS directory, a method often associated with DLL side-loading.
6. **Relative Path DLL Hijacking**: Placing the malicious DLL in a user-controlled directory with the copied application, resembling Binary Proxy Execution techniques.
-
## Finding missing Dlls
The most common way to find missing Dlls inside a system is running [procmon](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/procmon) from sysinternals, **setting** the **following 2 filters**:
@@ -83,17 +82,16 @@ There are other ways to alter the ways to alter the search order but I'm not goi
Certain exceptions to the standard DLL search order are noted in Windows documentation:
-- When a **DLL that shares its name with one already loaded in memory** is encountered, the system bypasses the usual search. Instead, it performs a check for redirection and a manifest before defaulting to the DLL already in memory. **In this scenario, the system does not conduct a search for the DLL**.
-- In cases where the DLL is recognized as a **known DLL** for the current Windows version, the system will utilize its version of the known DLL, along with any of its dependent DLLs, **forgoing the search process**. The registry key **HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\KnownDLLs** holds a list of these known DLLs.
-- Should a **DLL have dependencies**, the search for these dependent DLLs is conducted as though they were indicated only by their **module names**, regardless of whether the initial DLL was identified through a full path.
-
+* When a **DLL that shares its name with one already loaded in memory** is encountered, the system bypasses the usual search. Instead, it performs a check for redirection and a manifest before defaulting to the DLL already in memory. **In this scenario, the system does not conduct a search for the DLL**.
+* In cases where the DLL is recognized as a **known DLL** for the current Windows version, the system will utilize its version of the known DLL, along with any of its dependent DLLs, **forgoing the search process**. The registry key **HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\KnownDLLs** holds a list of these known DLLs.
+* Should a **DLL have dependencies**, the search for these dependent DLLs is conducted as though they were indicated only by their **module names**, regardless of whether the initial DLL was identified through a full path.
### Escalating Privileges
**Requirements**:
-- Identify a process that operates or will operate under **different privileges** (horizontal or lateral movement), which is **lacking a DLL**.
-- Ensure **write access** is available for any **directory** in which the **DLL** will be **searched for**. This location might be the directory of the executable or a directory within the system path.
+* Identify a process that operates or will operate under **different privileges** (horizontal or lateral movement), which is **lacking a DLL**.
+* Ensure **write access** is available for any **directory** in which the **DLL** will be **searched for**. This location might be the directory of the executable or a directory within the system path.
Yeah, the requisites are complicated to find as **by default it's kind of weird to find a privileged executable missing a dll** and it's even **more weird to have write permissions on a system path folder** (you can't by default). But, in misconfigured environments this is possible.\
In the case you are lucky and you find yourself meeting the requirements, you could check the [UACME](https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME) project. Even if the **main goal of the project is bypass UAC**, you may find there a **PoC** of a Dll hijaking for the Windows version that you can use (probably just changing the path of the folder where you have write permissions).
@@ -248,14 +246,15 @@ BOOL APIENTRY DllMain (HMODULE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReser
```
## References
+
* [https://medium.com/@pranaybafna/tcapt-dll-hijacking-888d181ede8e](https://medium.com/@pranaybafna/tcapt-dll-hijacking-888d181ede8e)
* [https://cocomelonc.github.io/pentest/2021/09/24/dll-hijacking-1.html](https://cocomelonc.github.io/pentest/2021/09/24/dll-hijacking-1.html)
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
diff --git a/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/privilege-escalation-with-autorun-binaries.md b/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/privilege-escalation-with-autorun-binaries.md
index 133b024e6..b2603eff1 100644
--- a/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/privilege-escalation-with-autorun-binaries.md
+++ b/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/privilege-escalation-with-autorun-binaries.md
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
## WMIC
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Registry keys known as **Run** and **RunOnce** are designed to automatically exe
* `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx`
* `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnceEx`
-On Windows Vista and later versions, the **Run** and **RunOnce** registry keys are not automatically generated. Entries in these keys can either directly start programs or specify them as dependencies. For instance, to load a DLL file at logon, one could use the **RunOnceEx** registry key along with a "Depend" key. This is demonstrated by adding a registry entry to execute "C:\\temp\\evil.dll" during the system start-up:
+On Windows Vista and later versions, the **Run** and **RunOnce** registry keys are not automatically generated. Entries in these keys can either directly start programs or specify them as dependencies. For instance, to load a DLL file at logon, one could use the **RunOnceEx** registry key along with a "Depend" key. This is demonstrated by adding a registry entry to execute "C:\temp\evil.dll" during the system start-up:
```
reg add HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx\\0001\\Depend /v 1 /d "C:\\temp\\evil.dll"
@@ -237,9 +237,9 @@ Steps to create a boot option for automatically starting in "Safe Mode with Comm
4. Save changes to `boot.ini`.
5. Reapply the original file attributes: `attrib c:\boot.ini +r +s +h`
-- **Exploit 1:** Changing the **AlternateShell** registry key allows for custom command shell setup, potentially for unauthorized access.
-- **Exploit 2 (PATH Write Permissions):** Having write permissions to any part of the system **PATH** variable, especially before `C:\Windows\system32`, lets you execute a custom `cmd.exe`, which could be a backdoor if the system is started in Safe Mode.
-- **Exploit 3 (PATH and boot.ini Write Permissions):** Writing access to `boot.ini` enables automatic Safe Mode startup, facilitating unauthorized access on the next reboot.
+* **Exploit 1:** Changing the **AlternateShell** registry key allows for custom command shell setup, potentially for unauthorized access.
+* **Exploit 2 (PATH Write Permissions):** Having write permissions to any part of the system **PATH** variable, especially before `C:\Windows\system32`, lets you execute a custom `cmd.exe`, which could be a backdoor if the system is started in Safe Mode.
+* **Exploit 3 (PATH and boot.ini Write Permissions):** Writing access to `boot.ini` enables automatic Safe Mode startup, facilitating unauthorized access on the next reboot.
To check the current **AlternateShell** setting, use these commands:
@@ -254,22 +254,22 @@ Active Setup is a feature in Windows that **initiates before the desktop environ
Active Setup is managed through the following registry keys:
-- `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components`
-- `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components`
-- `HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components`
-- `HKCU\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components`
+* `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components`
+* `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components`
+* `HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components`
+* `HKCU\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components`
Within these keys, various subkeys exist, each corresponding to a specific component. Key values of particular interest include:
-- **IsInstalled:**
- - `0` indicates the component's command will not execute.
- - `1` means the command will execute once for each user, which is the default behavior if the `IsInstalled` value is missing.
-- **StubPath:** Defines the command to be executed by Active Setup. It can be any valid command line, such as launching `notepad`.
+* **IsInstalled:**
+ * `0` indicates the component's command will not execute.
+ * `1` means the command will execute once for each user, which is the default behavior if the `IsInstalled` value is missing.
+* **StubPath:** Defines the command to be executed by Active Setup. It can be any valid command line, such as launching `notepad`.
**Security Insights:**
-- Modifying or writing to a key where **`IsInstalled`** is set to `"1"` with a specific **`StubPath`** can lead to unauthorized command execution, potentially for privilege escalation.
-- Altering the binary file referenced in any **`StubPath`** value could also achieve privilege escalation, given sufficient permissions.
+* Modifying or writing to a key where **`IsInstalled`** is set to `"1"` with a specific **`StubPath`** can lead to unauthorized command execution, potentially for privilege escalation.
+* Altering the binary file referenced in any **`StubPath`** value could also achieve privilege escalation, given sufficient permissions.
To inspect the **`StubPath`** configurations across Active Setup components, these commands can be used:
@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ BHOs are compatible with Windows 10 via Internet Explorer 11 but are not support
To explore BHOs registered on a system, you can inspect the following registry keys:
-- `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Browser Helper Objects`
-- `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Browser Helper Objects`
+* `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Browser Helper Objects`
+* `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Browser Helper Objects`
Each BHO is represented by its **CLSID** in the registry, serving as a unique identifier. Detailed information about each CLSID can be found under `HKLM\SOFTWARE\Classes\CLSID\{}`.
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ autorunsc.exe -m -nobanner -a * -ct /accepteula
## More
-**Find more Autoruns like registries in [https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2](https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2)**
+**Find more Autoruns like registries in** [**https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2**](https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2)
## References
@@ -359,11 +359,11 @@ autorunsc.exe -m -nobanner -a * -ct /accepteula
* [https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2](https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2)
* [https://www.itprotoday.com/cloud-computing/how-can-i-add-boot-option-starts-alternate-shell](https://www.itprotoday.com/cloud-computing/how-can-i-add-boot-option-starts-alternate-shell)
-
+
-If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
+**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
-{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}
+{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
-* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.