GITBOOK-4035: change request with no subject merged in GitBook

backdoors/salseo.md

@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ Open the SalseoLoader project using Visual Studio.
 
 ### Add before the main function: \[DllExport]
 
-![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1) (1) (1).png>)
+![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png>)
 
 ### Install DllExport for this project
 
 #### **Tools** --> **NuGet Package Manager** --> **Manage NuGet Packages for Solution...**
 
-![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1).png>)
+![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png>)
 
 #### **Search for DllExport package (using Browse tab), and press Install (and accept the popup)**
 

forensics/basic-forensic-methodology/specific-software-file-type-tricks/.pyc.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ C:\Users\test\Desktop\test>pyinstaller --onefile hello.py
 
 * [https://blog.f-secure.com/how-to-decompile-any-python-binary/](https://blog.f-secure.com/how-to-decompile-any-python-binary/)
 
-<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

macos-hardening/macos-red-teaming/README.md

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Moreover, after finding proper credentials you could be able to brute-force othe
 
 #### JAMF device Authentication
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 The **`jamf`** binary contained the secret to open the keychain which at the time of the discovery was **shared** among everybody and it was: **`jk23ucnq91jfu9aj`**.\
 Moreover, jamf **persist** as a **LaunchDaemon** in **`/Library/LaunchAgents/com.jamf.management.agent.plist`**

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac-os-architecture/macos-ipc-inter-process-communication/macos-pid-reuse.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ This function will make the **allowed binary own the PID** but the **malicious X
 If you find the function **`shouldAcceptNewConnection`** or a function called by it **calling** **`processIdentifier`** and not calling **`auditToken`**. It highly probable means that it's v**erifying the process PID** and not the audit token.\
 Like for example in this image (taken from the reference):
 
-<figure><img src="../../../../.gitbook/assets/image (4) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../../.gitbook/assets/image (4) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 Check this example exploit (again, taken from the reference) to see the 2 parts of the exploit:
 

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/mac-os-architecture/macos-kernel-extensions.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Obviamente, esto es tan poderoso que es complicado cargar una extensión de kern
 
 * Al entrar en **modo de recuperación**, las extensiones de kernel deben estar **permitidas para ser cargadas**:
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 * La extensión de kernel debe estar **firmada con un certificado de firma de código de kernel**, que solo puede ser otorgado por **Apple**. Quien revisará en detalle la **empresa** y las **razones** por las que se necesita.
 * La extensión de kernel también debe estar **notarizada**, Apple podrá verificarla en busca de malware.

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-files-folders-and-binaries/universal-binaries-and-mach-o-format.md

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ fat_magic FAT_MAGIC
 
 or using the [Mach-O View](https://sourceforge.net/projects/machoview/) tool:
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (5) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (5) (1) (1) (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 As you may be thinking usually a universal binary compiled for 2 architectures **doubles the size** of one compiled for just 1 arch.
 
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Example of **section header**:
 
 If you **add** the **section offset** (0x37DC) + the **offset** where the **arch starts**, in this case `0x18000` --> `0x37DC + 0x18000 = 0x1B7DC`
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 It's also possible to get **headers information** from the **command line** with:
 

macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-proces-abuse/macos-.net-applications-injection.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ It creates a 2 of names pipes per .Net process in [dbgtransportsession.cpp#L127]
 
 So, if you go to the users **`$TMPDIR`** you will be able to find **debugging fifos** you could use to debug .Net applications:
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 The function [**DbgTransportSession::TransportWorker**](https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/blob/0633ecfb79a3b2f1e4c098d1dd0166bc1ae41739/src/coreclr/debug/shared/dbgtransportsession.cpp#L1259) will handle the communication from a debugger.
 

mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/frida-tutorial/frida-tutorial-1.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ In this tutorial you have hooked methods using the name of the mathod and _.impl
 
 You can see that in [the next tutorial](frida-tutorial-2.md).
 
-<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

mobile-pentesting/xamarin-apps.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Xamarin is an open-source platform that gives developers access to a comprehensi
 
 ### Xamarin Android Architecture 
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 Xamarin offers .NET bindings to Android.\* and Java.\* namespaces. Xamarin.
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ It runs along with the Objective-C Runtime. The runtime environments run on top
 
 The below-given diagram depicts this architecture:
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ### What is .Net Runtime and Mono Framework?
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ If you encounter a Full AOT compiled application, and if the IL Assembly files a
 
 Just **unzip the apk/ipa** file and copy all the files present under the assemblies directory:
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 In case of Android **APKs these dll files are compressed** and cannot be directly used for decompilation. Luckily there are tools out there that we can use to **uncompress these dll files** like [XamAsmUnZ](https://github.com/cihansol/XamAsmUnZ) and [xamarin-decompress](https://github.com/NickstaDB/xamarin-decompress).
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ In the case of the iOS, **dll files inside the IPA files can be directly loaded*
 
 **Most of the application code can be found when we decompile the dll files.**  Also note that Xamarin Framework based apps contain 90% of common code in the builds of all platforms like iOS and Android etc.&#x20;
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 From the above screenshot of listing the dll files that were present in the apk, we can confirm that it is a Xamarin app. It contains app-specific dll files along with the library files that are required for the app to run, such as `Xamarin.Essentails.dll` or `Mono.Security.dll` .
 

network-services-pentesting/15672-pentesting-rabbitmq-management.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Content-Length: 267
 
 * `port:15672 http`
 
-<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ssh.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -135,7 +135,6 @@ Some common ssh credentials [here ](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/b
 
 If you know some ssh private keys that could be used... let's try it. You can use the nmap script:
 
-
 ```
 https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/ssh-publickey-acceptance.html
 ```
@@ -153,6 +152,7 @@ Or use `ssh-keybrute.py` (native python3, lightweight and has legacy algorithms
 {% embed url="https://github.com/rapid7/ssh-badkeys/tree/master/authorized" %}
 
 #### Weak SSH keys / Debian predictable PRNG
+
 Some systems have known flaws in the random seed used to generate cryptographic material. This can result in a dramatically reduced keyspace which can be bruteforced. Pre-generated sets of keys generated on Debian systems affected by weak PRNG are available here: [g0tmi1k/debian-ssh](https://github.com/g0tmi1k/debian-ssh).
 
 You should look here in order to search for valid keys for the victim machine.
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ id_rsa
 * You can find interesting guides on how to harden SSH in [https://www.ssh-audit.com/hardening\_guides.html](https://www.ssh-audit.com/hardening\_guides.html)
 * [https://community.turgensec.com/ssh-hacking-guide](https://community.turgensec.com/ssh-hacking-guide)
 
-<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ Entry_2:
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jboss.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ You can expose **management servlets** via the following paths within JBoss (dep
 inurl:status EJInvokerServlet
 ```
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/moodle.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ find / -name "config.php" 2>/dev/null | grep "moodle/config.php"
 /usr/local/bin/mysql -u <username> --password=<password> -e "use moodle; select email,username,password from mdl_user; exit"
 ```
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

pentesting-web/2fa-bypass.md

@@ -79,6 +79,14 @@ You won't be able to bypass the 2FA but you will be able to waste the company's
 
 If you can **generate a new OTP infinite times**, the OTP is **simple enough** (4 numbers), and you can try up to 4 or 5 tokens per generated OTP, you can just try the same 4 or 5 tokens every time and generate OTPs until it matches the ones you are using.
 
+### Race Condition
+
+Check the section about 2FA bypass of the following page:
+
+{% content-ref url="race-condition.md" %}
+[race-condition.md](race-condition.md)
+{% endcontent-ref %}
+
 ### CSRF/Clickjacking
 
 Check if there is a Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) or a Clickjacking vulnerability to disable the 2FA.

pentesting-web/crlf-0d-0a.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ The best prevention technique is to not use users input directly inside response
 * [**https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/crlf-injection/**](https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/crlf-injection/)
 * [**https://portswigger.net/research/making-http-header-injection-critical-via-response-queue-poisoning**](https://portswigger.net/research/making-http-header-injection-critical-via-response-queue-poisoning)
 
-<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 

pentesting-web/deserialization/exploiting-__viewstate-parameter.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ out of band request with the current username
 * [**https://soroush.secproject.com/blog/2019/04/exploiting-deserialisation-in-asp-net-via-viewstate/**](https://soroush.secproject.com/blog/2019/04/exploiting-deserialisation-in-asp-net-via-viewstate/)
 * [**https://blog.blacklanternsecurity.com/p/introducing-badsecrets**](https://blog.blacklanternsecurity.com/p/introducing-badsecrets)
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 

pentesting-web/file-inclusion/phar-deserialization.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ php vuln.php
 
 {% embed url="https://blog.ripstech.com/2018/new-php-exploitation-technique/" %}
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

pentesting-web/race-condition.md

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ Get Access Today:
 
 The main problem of abusing RC's is that you need the requests to be processed in parallel with a very short time difference(usually >1ms). In the following section, different solutions are proposed for making this possible.
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image.png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (5).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
-### Single-packet attack
+### Single-packet attack (HTTP/2) / Last-byte sync (HTTP/1.1)
 
 HTTP2 allows to send **2 requests in a single TCP connetion** (whereas in HTTP/1.1 they have to be sequential).\
 The use of a single TCP packet completely **eliminates the effect of network jitter**, so this clearly has potential for race condition attacks too. However, **two requests isn't enough for a reliable race attack** thanks to **server-side jitter** - variations in the application's request-processing time caused by uncontrollable variables like CPU contention.
@@ -52,32 +52,103 @@ Note that It **doesn't work for static files** on certain servers but as static
 
 Using this technique, you can make 20-30 requests arrive at the server simultaneously - regardless of network jitter:
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 **Adapting to the target architecture**
 
 It's worth noting that many applications sit behind a front-end server, and these may decide to forward some requests over existing connections to the back-end, and to create fresh connections for others.
 
-As a result, it's important not to attribute inconsistent request timing to application behavior such as locking mechanisms that only allow a single thread to access a resource at once. Also, front-end request routing is often done on a per-connection basis, so you may be able to smooth request timing by performing server-side connection warming - **sending a few inconsequential requests down your connection before performing the attack**.
+As a result, it's important not to attribute inconsistent request timing to application behaviour such as locking mechanisms that only allow a single thread to access a resource at once. Also, front-end request routing is often done on a per-connection basis, so you may be able to smooth request timing by performing server-side connection warming - **sending a few inconsequential requests down your connection before performing the attack** (this is just sending several request before starting the actual attack)).
 
-Note that **PHP locks on the sessionid by default**, so you need to use a **separate session for every request** in your batch or they'll get processed sequentially.
+#### Session-based locking mechanisms <a href="#session-based-locking-mechanisms" id="session-based-locking-mechanisms"></a>
+
+Some frameworks attempt to prevent accidental data corruption by using some form of **request locking**. For example, **PHP's native session handler** module only processes **one request per session at a time**.
+
+It's extremely important to spot this kind of behaviour as it can otherwise mask trivially exploitable vulnerabilities. If you notice that all of your requests are being processed sequentially, try sending each of them using a different session token.
+
+#### **Abusing rate or resource limits**
+
+If connection warming doesn't make any difference, there are various solutions to this problem.
+
+Using Turbo Intruder, you can introduce a short client-side delay. However, as this involves splitting your actual attack requests across multiple TCP packets, you won't be able to use the single-packet attack technique. As a result, on high-jitter targets, the attack is unlikely to work reliably regardless of what delay you set.
+
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+
+Instead, you may be able to solve this problem by abusing a common security feature.
+
+Web servers often **delay the processing of requests if too many are sent too quickly**. By sending a large number of dummy requests to intentionally trigger the rate or resource limit, you may be able to cause a suitable server-side delay. This makes the single-packet attack viable even when delayed execution is required.
+
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 {% hint style="warning" %}
 For more information about this technique check the original report in [https://portswigger.net/research/smashing-the-state-machine](https://portswigger.net/research/smashing-the-state-machine)
 {% endhint %}
 
-#### Examples
+#### Attack Examples
 
-You can check a simple example on how to use this in turbo intruder in [https://github.com/PortSwigger/turbo-intruder/blob/master/resources/examples/race-single-packet-attack.py](https://github.com/PortSwigger/turbo-intruder/blob/master/resources/examples/race-single-packet-attack.py).
+* **Tubo Intruder - HTTP2 single-packet attack (1 endpoint)**: You can send the request to **Turbo intruder** (`Extensions` -> `Turbo Intruder` -> `Send to Turbo Intruder`), you can change in the request the value you want to brute force for **`%s`** like in `csrf=Bn9VQB8OyefIs3ShR2fPESR0FzzulI1d&username=carlos&password=%s` and then select the **`examples/race-single-packer-attack.py`** from the drop down:
 
-It's also available in **Repeater** via the new '**Send group in parallel**' option in Burp Suite.
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image.png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
+If you are going to **send different values**, you could modify the code with this one that uses a wordlist from the clipboard:
 
+```python
+    passwords = wordlists.clipboard
+    for password in passwords:
+        engine.queue(target.req, password, gate='race1')
+```
+
+{% hint style="warning" %}
+If the web doesn't support HTTP2 (only HTTP1.1) use `Engine.THREADED` or `Engine.BURP` instead of `Engine.BURP2`.
+{% endhint %}
+
+* **Tubo Intruder - HTTP2 single-packet attack (Several endpoints)**: In case you need to send a request to 1 endpoint and then multiple to other endpoints to trigger the RCE, you can change the `race-single-packet-attack.py` script with something like:
+
+```python
+def queueRequests(target, wordlists):
+    engine = RequestEngine(endpoint=target.endpoint,
+                           concurrentConnections=1,
+                           engine=Engine.BURP2
+                           )
+    
+    # Hardcode the second request for the RC
+    confirmationReq = '''POST /confirm?token[]= HTTP/2
+Host: 0a9c00370490e77e837419c4005900d0.web-security-academy.net
+Cookie: phpsessionid=MpDEOYRvaNT1OAm0OtAsmLZ91iDfISLU
+Content-Length: 0
+
+'''
+    
+    # For each attempt (20 in total) send 50 confirmation requests.
+    for attempt in range(20):
+        currentAttempt = str(attempt)
+        username = 'aUser' + currentAttempt
+    
+        # queue a single registration request
+        engine.queue(target.req, username, gate=currentAttempt)
+        
+        # queue 50 confirmation requests - note that this will probably sent in two separate packets
+        for i in range(50):
+            engine.queue(confirmationReq, gate=currentAttempt)
+        
+        # send all the queued requests for this attempt
+        engine.openGate(currentAttempt)
+```
+
+* It's also available in **Repeater** via the new '**Send group in parallel**' option in Burp Suite.
+  * For **limit-overrun** you could just add the **same request 50 times** in the group.
+  * For **connection warming**, you could **add** at the **beginning** of the **group** some **requests** to some non static part of the web server.
+  * For **delaying** the process **between** processing **one request and another** in a 2 substates steps, you could **add extra requests between** both requests.
+  * For a **multi-endpoint** RC you could start sending the **request** that **goes to the hidden state** and then **50 requests** just after it that **exploits the hidden state**.
+
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ### Raw BF
 
 Before the previous research these were some payloads used which just tried to send the packets as fast as possible to cause a RC.
 
+* **Repeater:** Check the examples from the previous section.
+* **Intruder**: Send the **request** to **Intruder**, set the **number of threads** to **30** inside the **Options menu and,** select as payload **Null payloads** and generate **30.**
 * **Turbo Intruder**
 
 ```python
@@ -129,18 +200,20 @@ async def main():
 asyncio.run(main())
 ```
 
-* **Intruder**: Send the **request** to **Intruder**, set the **number of threads** to **30** inside the **Options menu and,** select as payload **Null payloads** and generate **30.**
-
 ## **RC Methodology**
 
-
+### Limit-overrun / TOCTOU
-
-## **RC Impacts**
-
-### Limit-overrun
 
 This is the most basic type of race condition where **vulnerabilities** that **appear** in places that **limit the number of times you can perform an action**. Like using the same discount code in a web store several times. A very easy example can be found in [**this report**](https://medium.com/@pravinponnusamy/race-condition-vulnerability-found-in-bug-bounty-program-573260454c43) or in [**this bug**](https://hackerone.com/reports/759247)**.**
 
+There are many variations of this kind of attack, including:
+
+* Redeeming a gift card multiple times
+* Rating a product multiple times
+* Withdrawing or transferring cash in excess of your account balance
+* Reusing a single CAPTCHA solution
+* Bypassing an anti-brute-force rate limit
+
 ### **Hidden substates**
 
 Other most complicated RC will exploit **substates in the machine state** that could allow an attacker to **abuse** states he was **never meant to have access** to but there is a **small window** for the attacker to access it.
@@ -151,21 +224,21 @@ The first step is to identify all the endpoints that either write to it, or read
 
 We can use three key questions to rule out endpoints that are unlikely to cause collisions. For each object and the associated endpoints, ask:
 
-**1) How is the state stored?**
+* **How is the state stored?**
 
 Data that's stored in a persistent server-side data structure is ideal for exploitation. Some endpoints store their state entirely client-side, such as password resets that work by emailing a JWT - these can be safely skipped.
 
 Applications will often store some state in the user session. These are often somewhat protected against sub-states - more on that later.
 
-**2) Are we editing or appending?**
+* **Are we editing or appending?**
 
 Operations that edit existing data (such as changing an account's primary email address) have ample collision potential, whereas actions that simply append to existing data (such as adding an additional email address) are unlikely to be vulnerable to anything other than limit-overrun attacks.
 
-**3) What's the operation keyed on?**
+* **What's the operation keyed on?**
 
 Most endpoints operate on a specific record, which is looked up using a 'key', such as a username, password reset token, or filename. For a successful attack, we need two operations that use the same key. For example, picture two plausible password reset implementations:
 
-<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (2) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 2. **Probe for clues**
 
@@ -177,6 +250,20 @@ The final step is to **prove the concept and turn it into a viable attack**.
 
 When you send a batch of requests, you may find that an early request pair triggers a vulnerable end-state, but later requests overwrite/invalidate it and the final state is unexploitable. In this scenario, you'll want to eliminate all unnecessary requests - two should be sufficient for exploiting most vulnerabilities. However, dropping to two requests will make the attack more timing-sensitive, so you may need to retry the attack multiple times or automate it.
 
+### Time Sensitive Attacks
+
+Sometimes you may not find race conditions, but the **techniques for delivering requests with precise timing** can still reveal the presence of other vulnerabilities.
+
+One such example is when **high-resolution timestamps are used instead of cryptographically** secure random strings to generate security tokens.
+
+Consider a **password reset token that is only randomized using a timestamp**. In this case, it might be possible to **trigger two password resets for two different users**, which both use the **same token**. All you need to do is time the requests so that they generate the same timestamp.
+
+{% hint style="warning" %}
+To confirm for example the previous situation you could just ask for **2 reset password tokens at the same time** (using single packet attack) and check if they are the **same**.
+{% endhint %}
+
+Check the [**example in this lab**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/race-conditions/lab-race-conditions-exploiting-time-sensitive-vulnerabilities).
+
 ## Hidden substates case studies
 
 ### Pay & add an Item
@@ -185,12 +272,36 @@ When you send a batch of requests, you may find that an early request pair trigg
 
 ### Confirm other emails
 
-The idea is to **verify an email address and change it at the same time** to find out if the platform verifies the new one changed.
+The idea is to **verify an email address and change it to a different one at the same time** to find out if the platform verifies the new one changed.
 
-### Change email to 2 emails addresses
+### Change email to 2 emails addresses Cookie based
 
 According to [**this writeup**](https://portswigger.net/research/smashing-the-state-machine) Gitlab was vulnerable to a takeover this way because it might **send** the **email verification token of one email to the other email**.
 
+You can also check [**this lab**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/race-conditions/lab-race-conditions-single-endpoint) to learn about this.
+
+### Hidden Database states / Confirmation Bypass
+
+If **2 different write**s are used to **add** **information** inside a **database**, there is a small portion of time where **only the first data has been written** inside the database. For example, when creating a user the **username** and **password** might be **written** and **then the token** to confirm the newly created account is written. This means that for a small time the **token to confirm an account is null**.
+
+Therefore **registering an account and sending several requests with an empty token** (`token=` or `token[]=` or any other variation) to confirm the account right away could allow to c**onfirm an account** where you don't control the email.
+
+Check [**this lab**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/race-conditions/lab-race-conditions-partial-construction) to check an example.
+
+### Bypass 2FA
+
+The following pseudo-code demonstrates how a website could be vulnerable to a race variation of this attack:
+
+```python
+session['userid'] = user.userid
+if user.mfa_enabled:
+    session['enforce_mfa'] = True
+    # generate and send MFA code to user
+    # redirect browser to MFA code entry form
+```
+
+As you can see, this is in fact a **multi-step sequence within the span of a single request**. Most importantly, it transitions through a sub-state in which the **user temporarily has a valid logged-in** session, **but MFA isn't yet being enforced**. An attacker could potentially exploit this by sending a login request along with a request to a sensitive, authenticated endpoint.
+
 ### OAuth2 eternal persistence
 
 There are several [**OAUth providers**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\_of\_OAuth\_providers). Theses services will allow you to create an application and authenticate users that the provider has registered. In order to do so, the **client** will need to **permit your application** to access some of their data inside of the **OAUth provider**.\
@@ -210,6 +321,7 @@ Once you have **obtained a valid RT** you could try to **abuse it to generate se
 * [https://pandaonair.com/2020/06/11/race-conditions-exploring-the-possibilities.html](https://pandaonair.com/2020/06/11/race-conditions-exploring-the-possibilities.html)
 * [https://hackerone.com/reports/55140](https://hackerone.com/reports/55140)
 * [https://portswigger.net/research/smashing-the-state-machine](https://portswigger.net/research/smashing-the-state-machine)
+* [https://portswigger.net/web-security/race-conditions](https://portswigger.net/web-security/race-conditions)
 
 <details>
 

pentesting-web/xss-cross-site-scripting/dom-invader.md

@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ DOM Invader integrates a tab within the browser's DevTools panel enabling the fo
 
 In the Burp's builtin browser go to the **Burp extension** and enable it:
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (4) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (4) (1) (1) (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 Noe refresh the page and in the **Dev Tools** you will find the **DOM Invader tab:**
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 ### Inject a Canary
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ You can click each message to view more detailed information about it, including
 
 DOM Invader can also search for **Prototype Pollution vulnerabilities**. First, you need to enable it:
 
-<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (5) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
+<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (5) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
 
 Then, it will **search for sources** that enable you to add arbitrary properties to the **`Object.prototype`**.
 

windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/silver-ticket.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ mimikatz(commandline) # lsadump::dcsync /dc:pcdc.domain.local /domain:domain.loc
 [dcsync.md](dcsync.md)
 {% endcontent-ref %}
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/dll-hijacking.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ Moreover, in the **next sectio**n you can find some **basic dll codes** that mig
 
 Basically a **Dll proxy** is a Dll capable of **execute your malicious code when loaded** but also to **expose** and **work** as **exected** by **relaying all the calls to the real library**.
 
-With the tool **** [**DLLirant**](https://github.com/redteamsocietegenerale/DLLirant) **** or **** [**Spartacus**](https://github.com/Accenture/Spartacus) **** you can actually **indicate an executable and select the library** you want to proxify and **generate a proxified dll** or **indicate the Dll** and **generate a proxified dll**.
+With the tool \*\*\*\* [**DLLirant**](https://github.com/redteamsocietegenerale/DLLirant) \*\*\*\* or \*\*\*\* [**Spartacus**](https://github.com/Accenture/Spartacus) \*\*\*\* you can actually **indicate an executable and select the library** you want to proxify and **generate a proxified dll** or **indicate the Dll** and **generate a proxified dll**.
 
 ### **Meterpreter**
 
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ BOOL APIENTRY DllMain (HMODULE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReser
 }
 ```
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
 * **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>

windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/privilege-escalation-with-autorun-binaries.md

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
 </details>
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Find more Autoruns like registries in [https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/artic
 * [https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001/](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001/)
 * [https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2](https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2762082\&seqNum=2)
 
-<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
+<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">
 
 If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).
 
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are h
 * Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
 * Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
 * Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
-* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
+* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
-* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
+* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
 
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