hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/kerberos-double-hop-problem.md

# Kerberos Double Hop Problem

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## Introduction

The Kerberos "Double Hop" problem appears when an attacker attempts to use **Kerberos authentication across two** **hops**, for example using **PowerShell**/**WinRM**.

When an **authentication** occurs through **Kerberos**, **credentials** **aren't** cached in **memory.** Therefore, if you run mimikatz you **won't find credentials** of the user in the machine even if he is running processes.

This is because when connecting with Kerberos these are the steps:

1. User1 provides credentials and **domain controller** returns a Kerberos **TGT** to the User1.
2. User1 uses **TGT** to request a **service ticket** to **connect** to Server1.
3. User1 **connects** to **Server1** and provides **service ticket**.
4. **Server1** **doesn't** have **credentials** of User1 cached or the **TGT** of User1. Therefore, when User1 from Server1 tries to login to a second server, he is **not able to authenticate**.



## References

* [https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-directory-services-team/understanding-kerberos-double-hop/ba-p/395463?lightbox-message-images-395463=102145i720503211E78AC20](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ask-the-directory-services-team/understanding-kerberos-double-hop/ba-p/395463?lightbox-message-images-395463=102145i720503211E78AC20)



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