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In a clickjacking attack, a **user** is **tricked** into **clicking** an **element** on a webpage that is either **invisible** or disguised as a different element. This manipulation can lead to unintended consequences for the user, such as the downloading of malware, redirection to malicious web pages, provision of credentials or sensitive information, money transfers, or the online purchasing of products.
Sometimes is possible to **fill the value of fields of a form using GET parameters when loading a page**. An attacker may abuse this behaviour to fill a form with arbitrary data and send the clickjacking payload so the user press the button Submit.
If you need the user to **fill a form** but you don't want to directly ask him to write some specific information (like the email and or specific password that you know), you can just ask him to **Drag\&Drop** something that will write your controlled data like in [**this example**](https://lutfumertceylan.com.tr/posts/clickjacking-acc-takeover-drag-drop/).
This technique involves using a combination of drag and drop events along with a click event to execute a payload. It takes advantage of the clickjacking vulnerability to trick the user into performing an unintended action.
#### How it works
1. The attacker creates a malicious webpage that contains an invisible element, such as an iframe, positioned over a legitimate button or link.
2. The attacker uses JavaScript to capture the drag and drop events on the webpage.
3. When the user attempts to drag and drop an object, the malicious webpage intercepts the event and moves the invisible element to the same position as the object being dragged.
4. As the user releases the object, the click event is triggered on the invisible element, which is positioned over the legitimate button or link.
5. The user unknowingly clicks on the invisible element, executing the payload.
#### Mitigation
To mitigate this attack, web developers should implement the following measures:
- Implement frame-busting techniques to prevent clickjacking attacks.
- Use the X-Frame-Options header to restrict framing of the webpage.
- Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) to restrict the sources of the webpage's content.
- Regularly update and patch web browsers to ensure they are protected against clickjacking vulnerabilities.
If you have identified an **XSS attack that requires a user to click** on some element to **trigger** the XSS and the page is **vulnerable to clickjacking**, you could abuse it to trick the user into clicking the button/link.\
_You found a **self XSS** in some private details of the account (details that **only you can set and read**). The page with the **form** to set these details is **vulnerable** to **Clickjacking** and you can **prepopulate** the **form** with the GET parameters._\
\_\_An attacker could prepare a **Clickjacking** attack to that page **prepopulating** the **form** with the **XSS payload** and **tricking** the **user** into **Submit** the form. So, **when the form is submitted** and the values are modified, the **user will execute the XSS**.
* **Browsers' Security Settings:** Some browsers might block these scripts based on their security settings or lack of JavaScript support.
* **HTML5 iframe `sandbox` Attribute:** An attacker can neutralize frame buster scripts by setting the `sandbox` attribute with `allow-forms` or `allow-scripts` values without `allow-top-navigation`. This prevents the iframe from verifying if it is the top window, e.g.,
**`X-Frame-Options` HTTP response header** informs browsers about the legitimacy of rendering a page in a `<frame>` or `<iframe>`, helping to prevent Clickjacking:
Further details and complex examples can be found in the [frame-ancestors CSP documentation](https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-csp/document/#directive-frame-ancestors) and [Mozilla's CSP frame-ancestors documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy/frame-ancestors).
### Content Security Policy (CSP) with `child-src` and `frame-src`
**Content Security Policy (CSP)** is a security measure that helps in preventing Clickjacking and other code injection attacks by specifying which sources the browser should allow to load content.
* **Token Validation:** web applications anti-CSRF tokens use to ensure that state-changing requests are made intentionally by the user and not through a Clickjacked page.
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<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong><ahref="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
