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# macOS Objective-C
< details >
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< summary > < strong > Aprenda hacking AWS do zero ao herói com< / strong > < a href = "https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte" > < strong > htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)< / strong > < / a > < strong > !< / strong > < / summary >
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Outras maneiras de apoiar o HackTricks:
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* Adquira o [**swag oficial PEASS & HackTricks** ](https://peass.creator-spring.com )
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* **Junte-se ao** 💬 [**grupo Discord** ](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f ) ou ao [**grupo telegram** ](https://t.me/peass ) ou **siga-nos** no **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm** ](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live )**.**
* **Compartilhe seus truques de hacking enviando PRs para os** [**HackTricks** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks ) e [**HackTricks Cloud** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud ) repositórios do github.
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< / details >
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## Objective-C
{% hint style="danger" %}
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Observe que programas escritos em Objective-C **mantêm** suas declarações de classe **quando** **compilados** em [binários Mach-O ](macos-files-folders-and-binaries/universal-binaries-and-mach-o-format.md ). Tais declarações de classe **incluem** o nome e o tipo de:
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{% endhint %}
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* A classe
* Os métodos da classe
* As variáveis de instância da classe
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Você pode obter essas informações usando [**class-dump** ](https://github.com/nygard/class-dump ):
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```bash
class-dump Kindle.app
```
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## Classes, Métodos e Objetos
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### Interface, Propriedades e Métodos
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```objectivec
// Declare the interface of the class
@interface MyVehicle : NSObject
// Declare the properties
@property NSString *vehicleType;
@property int numberOfWheels;
// Declare the methods
- (void)startEngine;
- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
@end
```
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### **Classe**
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```objectivec
@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
// No need to indicate the properties, only define methods
- (void)startEngine {
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NSLog(@"Engine started");
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}
- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
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self.numberOfWheels += value;
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}
@end
```
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### **Objeto e Método de Chamada**
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Para criar uma instância de uma classe, o método ** `alloc` ** é chamado, que **aloca memória** para cada **propriedade** e **zera** essas alocações. Em seguida, o método ** `init` ** é chamado, que **inicializa as propriedades** com os **valores necessários** .
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```objectivec
// Something like this:
MyVehicle *newVehicle = [[MyVehicle alloc] init];
// Which is usually expressed as:
MyVehicle *newVehicle = [MyVehicle new];
// To call a method
// [myClassInstance nameOfTheMethodFirstParam:param1 secondParam:param2]
[newVehicle addWheels:4];
```
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### **Métodos de Classe**
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Os métodos de classe são definidos com o **sinal de mais** (+) e não com o hífen (-) que é usado com métodos de instância. Como o método de classe da classe **NSString** ** `stringWithString` **:
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```objectivec
+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)aString;
```
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### Setter & Getter
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Para **definir** e **obter** propriedades, você pode fazer isso com uma **notação de ponto** ou como se estivesse **chamando um método** :
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```objectivec
// Set
newVehicle.numberOfWheels = 2;
[newVehicle setNumberOfWheels:3];
// Get
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", newVehicle.numberOfWheels);
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", [newVehicle numberOfWheels]);
```
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### **Variáveis de Instância**
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Alternativamente aos métodos setter & getter, você pode usar variáveis de instância. Essas variáveis têm o mesmo nome das propriedades, mas começam com um "\_":
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```objectivec
- (void)makeLongTruck {
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_numberOfWheels = +10000;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfLeaves);
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}
```
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### Protocolos
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Protocolos são conjuntos de declarações de métodos (sem propriedades). Uma classe que implementa um protocolo implementa os métodos declarados.
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Existem 2 tipos de métodos: **obrigatórios** e **opcionais** . Por **padrão** , um método é **obrigatório** (mas você também pode indicá-lo com uma tag ** `@required` **). Para indicar que um método é opcional, use ** `@optional` **.
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```objectivec
@protocol myNewProtocol
- (void) method1; //mandatory
@required
- (void) method2; //mandatory
@optional
- (void) method3; //optional
@end
```
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### Todos juntos
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```objectivec
// gcc -framework Foundation test_obj.m -o test_obj
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@protocol myVehicleProtocol
- (void) startEngine; //mandatory
@required
- (void) addWheels:(int)value; //mandatory
@optional
- (void) makeLongTruck; //optional
@end
@interface MyVehicle : NSObject < myVehicleProtocol >
@property int numberOfWheels;
- (void)startEngine;
- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
- (void)makeLongTruck;
@end
@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
- (void)startEngine {
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NSLog(@"Engine started");
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}
- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
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self.numberOfWheels += value;
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}
- (void)makeLongTruck {
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_numberOfWheels = +10000;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfWheels);
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}
@end
int main() {
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MyVehicle* mySuperCar = [MyVehicle new];
[mySuperCar startEngine];
mySuperCar.numberOfWheels = 4;
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
[mySuperCar setNumberOfWheels:3];
NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
[mySuperCar makeLongTruck];
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}
```
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### Classes Básicas
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#### String
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```objectivec
// NSString
NSString *bookTitle = @"The Catcher in the Rye";
NSString *bookAuthor = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"J.D. Salinger" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString *bookPublicationYear = [NSString stringWithCString:"1951" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
```
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{% endcode %}
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As classes básicas são **imutáveis** , então para adicionar uma string a uma existente, uma **nova NSString precisa ser criada** .
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```objectivec
NSString *bookDescription = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ by %@ was published in %@", bookTitle, bookAuthor, bookPublicationYear];
```
{% endcode %}
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Ou você também pode usar uma classe de string **mutável** :
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```objectivec
NSMutableString *mutableString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"The book "];
[mutableString appendString:bookTitle];
[mutableString appendString:@" was written by "];
[mutableString appendString:bookAuthor];
[mutableString appendString:@" and published in "];
[mutableString appendString:bookPublicationYear];
```
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{% endcode %}
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#### Número
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```objectivec
// character literals.
NSNumber *theLetterZ = @'Z'; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithChar:'Z']
// integral literals.
NSNumber *fortyTwo = @42 ; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithInt:42]
NSNumber *fortyTwoUnsigned = @42U ; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:42U]
NSNumber *fortyTwoLong = @42L ; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLong:42L]
NSNumber *fortyTwoLongLong = @42LL ; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:42LL]
// floating point literals.
NSNumber *piFloat = @3 .141592654F; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithFloat:3.141592654F]
NSNumber *piDouble = @3 .1415926535; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithDouble:3.1415926535]
// BOOL literals.
NSNumber *yesNumber = @YES ; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
NSNumber *noNumber = @NO ; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO]
```
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{% endcode %}
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#### Array, Sets & Dictionary
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```objectivec
// Inmutable arrays
NSArray *colorsArray1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"red", @"green", @"blue", nil];
NSArray *colorsArray2 = @[@"yellow", @"cyan", @"magenta"];
NSArray *colorsArray3 = @[firstColor, secondColor, thirdColor];
// Mutable arrays
NSMutableArray *mutColorsArray = [NSMutableArray array];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"red"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"green"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"blue"];
[mutColorsArray addObject:@"yellow"];
[mutColorsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:@"purple"];
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// Inmutable Sets
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NSSet *fruitsSet1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
NSSet *fruitsSet2 = [NSSet setWithArray:@[@"apple", @"banana", @"orange"]];
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// Mutable sets
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NSMutableSet *mutFruitsSet = [NSMutableSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
[mutFruitsSet addObject:@"grape"];
[mutFruitsSet removeObject:@"apple"];
// Dictionary
NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary = @{
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@"apple" : @"red",
@"banana" : @"yellow",
@"orange" : @"orange",
@"grape" : @"purple"
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};
// In dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys you specify the value and then the key:
NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
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@"red", @"apple",
@"yellow", @"banana",
@"orange", @"orange",
@"purple", @"grape",
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nil];
// Mutable dictionary
NSMutableDictionary *mutFruitColorsDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:fruitColorsDictionary];
[mutFruitColorsDictionary setObject:@"green" forKey:@"apple"];
[mutFruitColorsDictionary removeObjectForKey:@"grape"];
```
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### Blocos
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Blocos são **funções que se comportam como objetos** , então podem ser passados para funções ou **armazenados** em **arrays** ou **dicionários** . Além disso, podem **representar um valor se forem dados valores** , então são semelhantes a lambdas.
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```objectivec
returnType (^blockName)(argumentType1, argumentType2, ...) = ^(argumentType1 param1, argumentType2 param2, ...){
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//Perform operations here
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};
// For example
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int (^suma)(int, int) = ^(int a, int b){
return a+b;
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};
NSLog(@"3+4 = %d", suma(3,4));
```
{% endcode %}
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Também é possível **definir um tipo de bloco para ser usado como parâmetro** em funções:
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```objectivec
// Define the block type
typedef void (^callbackLogger)(void);
// Create a bloack with the block type
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callbackLogger myLogger = ^{
NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my block");
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};
// Use it inside a function as a param
void genericLogger(callbackLogger blockParam) {
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NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my function");
blockParam();
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}
genericLogger(myLogger);
// Call it inline
genericLogger(^{
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NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my second block");
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});
```
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### Arquivos
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```objectivec
// Manager to manage files
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
// Check if file exists:
if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:@"/path/to/file.txt" ] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"File exists");
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}
// copy files
if ([fileManager copyItemAtPath: @"/path/to/file1.txt" toPath: @"/path/to/file2.txt" error:nil] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"Copy successful");
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}
// Check if the content of 2 files match
if ([fileManager contentsEqualAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" andPath:@"/path/to/file2.txt"] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"File contents match");
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}
// Delete file
if ([fileManager removeItemAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" error:nil]) {
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NSLog(@"Removed successfully");
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}
```
{% endcode %}
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Também é possível gerenciar arquivos **usando objetos `NSURL` em vez de objetos `NSString`** . Os nomes dos métodos são semelhantes, mas **com `URL` em vez de `Path`** .
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```objectivec
NSURL *fileSrc = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt"];
NSURL *fileDst = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/path/to/file2.txt"];
[fileManager moveItemAtURL:fileSrc toURL:fileDst error: nil];
```
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A maioria das classes básicas possui um método `writeToFile:<path> atomically:<YES> encoding:<encoding> error:nil` definido que permite que elas sejam escritas diretamente em um arquivo:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```objectivec
NSString* tmp = @"something temporary";
[tmp writeToFile:@"/tmp/tmp1.txt" atomically:YES encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding error:nil];
```
{% endcode %}
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< details >
2024-02-08 22:20:49 +00:00
< summary > < strong > Aprenda hacking AWS do zero ao herói com< / strong > < a href = "https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte" > < strong > htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)< / strong > < / a > < strong > !< / strong > < / summary >
2023-12-31 00:07:27 +00:00
2024-02-08 22:20:49 +00:00
Outras maneiras de apoiar o HackTricks:
2023-05-08 22:07:46 +00:00
2024-02-08 22:20:49 +00:00
* Se você deseja ver sua **empresa anunciada no HackTricks** ou **baixar o HackTricks em PDF** Confira os [**PLANOS DE ASSINATURA** ](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop )!
* Adquira o [**swag oficial PEASS & HackTricks** ](https://peass.creator-spring.com )
* Descubra [**A Família PEASS** ](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family ), nossa coleção exclusiva de [**NFTs** ](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family )
* **Junte-se ao** 💬 [**grupo Discord** ](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f ) ou ao [**grupo telegram** ](https://t.me/peass ) ou **siga-nos** no **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm** ](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live )**.**
* **Compartilhe seus truques de hacking enviando PRs para os** [**HackTricks** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks ) e [**HackTricks Cloud** ](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud ) repositórios do github.
2023-05-08 22:07:46 +00:00
< / details >