hacktricks/pentesting-web/xss-cross-site-scripting/other-js-tricks.md

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# Trucchi JS Vari e Informazioni Rilevanti
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<details>
<summary><strong>Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a esperto con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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* Lavori in una **azienda di sicurezza informatica**? Vuoi vedere la **tua azienda pubblicizzata su HackTricks**? o vuoi avere accesso all'**ultima versione del PEASS o scaricare HackTricks in PDF**? Controlla i [**PIANI DI ABBONAMENTO**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Scopri [**La Famiglia PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), la nostra collezione di [**NFT esclusivi**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* Ottieni il [**PEASS ufficiale & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Unisciti al** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**gruppo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**gruppo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **seguimi** su **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR al** [**repo hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **e al** [**repo hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
## Fuzzing Javascript
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### Caratteri di Commento JS Validi
```javascript
//This is a 1 line comment
/* This is a multiline comment*/
#!This is a 1 line comment, but "#!" must to be at the beggining of the line
-->This is a 1 line comment, but "-->" must to be at the beggining of the line
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for (let j = 0; j < 128; j++) {
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for (let k = 0; k < 128; k++) {
for (let l = 0; l < 128; l++) {
if (j == 34 || k ==34 || l ==34)
continue;
if (j == 0x0a || k ==0x0a || l ==0x0a)
continue;
if (j == 0x0d || k ==0x0d || l ==0x0d)
continue;
if (j == 0x3c || k ==0x3c || l ==0x3c)
continue;
if (
(j == 47 && k == 47)
||(k == 47 && l == 47)
)
continue;
try {
var cmd = String.fromCharCode(j) + String.fromCharCode(k) + String.fromCharCode(l) + 'a.orange.ctf"';
eval(cmd);
} catch(e) {
var err = e.toString().split('\n')[0].split(':')[0];
if (err === 'SyntaxError' || err === "ReferenceError")
continue
err = e.toString().split('\n')[0]
}
console.log(err,cmd);
}
}
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}
//From: https://balsn.tw/ctf_writeup/20191012-hitconctfquals/#bounty-pl33z
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// From: Heyes, Gareth. JavaScript for hackers: Learn to think like a hacker (p. 43). Kindle Edition.
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log=[];
for(let i=0;i<=0xff;i++){
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for(let j=0;j<=0xfff;j++){
try {
eval(`${String.fromCodePoint(i,j)}%$£234$`)
log.push([i,j])
}catch(e){}
}
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}
console.log(log)//[35,33],[47,47]
```
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### Caratteri di nuova riga JS validi
```javascript
//Javascript interpret as new line these chars:
String.fromCharCode(10) //0x0a
String.fromCharCode(13) //0x0d
String.fromCharCode(8232) //0xe2 0x80 0xa8
String.fromCharCode(8233) //0xe2 0x80 0xa8
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for (let j = 0; j < 65536; j++) {
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try {
var cmd = '"aaaaa";'+String.fromCharCode(j) + '-->a.orange.ctf"';
eval(cmd);
} catch(e) {
var err = e.toString().split('\n')[0].split(':')[0];
if (err === 'SyntaxError' || err === "ReferenceError")
continue;
err = e.toString().split('\n')[0]
}
console.log(`[${err}]`,j,cmd);
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}
//From: https://balsn.tw/ctf_writeup/20191012-hitconctfquals/#bounty-pl33z
```
### Spazi JS validi nella chiamata di funzione
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```javascript
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// Heyes, Gareth. JavaScript for hackers: Learn to think like a hacker (pp. 40-41). Kindle Edition.
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// Check chars that can be put in between in func name and the ()
function x(){}
log=[];
for(let i=0;i<=0x10ffff;i++){
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try {
eval(`x${String.fromCodePoint(i)}()`)
log.push(i)
}catch(e){}
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}
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console.log(log)v//9,10,11,12,13,32,160,5760,8192,8193,8194,8195,8196,8197,8198,8199,8200,8201,8202,813 232,8233,8239,8287,12288,65279
```
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### **Caratteri validi per generare stringhe**
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```javascript
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// Heyes, Gareth. JavaScript for hackers: Learn to think like a hacker (pp. 41-42). Kindle Edition.
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// Check which pairs of chars can make something be a valid string
log=[];
for(let i=0;i<=0x10ffff;i++){
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try {
eval(`${String.fromCodePoint(i)}%$£234${String.fromCodePoint(i)}`)
log.push(i)
}catch(e){}
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}
console.log(log) //34,39,47,96
//single quote, quotes, backticks & // (regex)
```
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### **Surrogate Pairs BF**
Questa tecnica non sarà molto utile per XSS ma potrebbe essere utile per aggirare le protezioni WAF. Questo codice Python riceve in input 2 byte e cerca coppie surrogate che hanno il primo byte come ultimo byte della coppia surrogate alto e l'ultimo byte come ultimo byte della coppia surrogate basso.
```python
def unicode(findHex):
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for i in range(0,0xFFFFF):
H = hex(int(((i - 0x10000) / 0x400) + 0xD800))
h = chr(int(H[-2:],16))
L = hex(int(((i - 0x10000) % 0x400 + 0xDC00)))
l = chr(int(L[-2:],16))
if(h == findHex[0]) and (l == findHex[1]):
print(H.replace("0x","\\u")+L.replace("0x","\\u"))
```
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Ulteriori informazioni:
* [https://github.com/dreadlocked/ctf-writeups/blob/master/nn8ed/README.md](https://github.com/dreadlocked/ctf-writeups/blob/master/nn8ed/README.md)
* [https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode) [https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding)
### `javascript{}:` Protocollo Fuzzing
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```javascript
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// Heyes, Gareth. JavaScript for hackers: Learn to think like a hacker (p. 34). Kindle Edition.
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log=[];
let anchor = document.createElement('a');
for(let i=0;i<=0x10ffff;i++){
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anchor.href = `javascript${String.fromCodePoint(i)}:`;
if(anchor.protocol === 'javascript:') {
log.push(i);
}
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}
console.log(log)//9,10,13,58
// Note that you could BF also other possitions of the use of multiple chars
// Test one option
let anchor = document.createElement('a');
anchor.href = `javascript${String.fromCodePoint(58)}:alert(1337)`;
anchor.append('Click me')
document.body.append(anchor)
// Another way to test
<a href="&#12;javascript:alert(1337)">Test</a>
```
### URL Fuzzing
```javascript
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// Heyes, Gareth. JavaScript for hackers: Learn to think like a hacker (pp. 36-37). Kindle Edition.
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// Before the protocol
a=document.createElement('a');
log=[];
for(let i=0;i<=0x10ffff;i++){
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a.href = `${String.fromCodePoint(i)}https://hacktricks.xyz`;
if(a.hostname === 'hacktricks.xyz'){
log.push(i);
}
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}
console.log(log) //0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32
// Between the slashes
a=document.createElement('a');
log=[];
for(let i=0;i<=0x10ffff;i++){
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a.href = `/${String.fromCodePoint(i)}/hacktricks.xyz`;
if(a.hostname === 'hacktricks.xyz'){
log.push(i);
}
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}
console.log(log) //9,10,13,47,92
```
### Test di fuzzing HTML
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```javascript
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// Heyes, Gareth. JavaScript for hackers: Learn to think like a hacker (p. 38). Kindle Edition.
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// Fuzzing chars that can close an HTML comment
let log=[];
let div = document.createElement('div');
for(let i=0;i<=0x10ffff;i++){
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div.innerHTML=`<!----${String.fromCodePoint(i)}><span></span>-->`;
if(div.querySelector('span')){
log.push(i);
}
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}
console.log(log)//33,45,62
```
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## **Analisi degli attributi**
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Lo strumento **Hackability inspector** di Portswigger aiuta ad **analizzare** gli **attributi** di un oggetto javascript. Controlla: [https://portswigger-labs.net/hackability/inspector/?input=x.contentWindow\&html=%3Ciframe%20src=//subdomain1.portswigger-labs.net%20id=x%3E](https://portswigger-labs.net/hackability/inspector/?input=x.contentWindow\&html=%3Ciframe%20src=//subdomain1.portswigger-labs.net%20id=x%3E)
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## **File .map js**
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* Trucco per scaricare file .map js: [https://medium.com/@bitthebyte/javascript-for-bug-bounty-hunters-part-2-f82164917e7](https://medium.com/@bitthebyte/javascript-for-bug-bounty-hunters-part-2-f82164917e7)
* Puoi utilizzare questo strumento per analizzare questi file [https://github.com/paazmaya/shuji](https://github.com/paazmaya/shuji)
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## Assegnazione "--"
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L'operatore di decremento `--` è anche un'assegnazione. Questo operatore prende un valore e poi lo decrementa di uno. Se quel valore non è un numero, verrà impostato su `NaN`. Questo può essere utilizzato per **rimuovere il contenuto delle variabili dall'ambiente**.
![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (993).png>)
![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (329).png>)
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## Trucchi delle funzioni
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### .call e .apply
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Il metodo **`.call`** di una funzione viene utilizzato per **eseguire la funzione**.\
Il **primo argomento** che si aspetta per impostazione predefinita è il **valore di `this`** e se **niente** viene fornito, **`window`** sarà quel valore (a meno che non venga utilizzato **`strict mode`**).
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```javascript
function test_call(){
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console.log(this.value); //baz
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}
new_this={value:"hey!"}
test_call.call(new_this);
// To pass more arguments, just pass then inside .call()
function test_call() {
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console.log(arguments[0]); //"arg1"
console.log(arguments[1]); //"arg2"
console.log(this); //[object Window]
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}
test_call.call(null, "arg1", "arg2")
// If you use the "use strict" directive "this" will be null instead of window:
function test_call() {
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"use strict";
console.log(this); //null
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}
test_call.call(null)
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//The apply function is pretty much exactly the same as the call function with one important difference, you can supply an array of arguments in the second argument:
function test_apply() {
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console.log(arguments[0]); //"arg1"
console.log(arguments[1]); //"arg2"
console.log(this); //[object Window]
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}
test_apply.apply(null, ["arg1", "arg2"])
```
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### Funzioni freccia
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Le funzioni freccia ti permettono di generare funzioni in una singola riga più facilmente (se le capisci)
```javascript
// Traditional
function (a){ return a + 1; }
// Arrow forms
a => a + 100;
a => {a + 100};
// Traditional
function (a, b){ return a + b + 1; }
// Arrow
(a, b) => a + b + 100;
// Tradictional no args
let a = 4;
let b = 2;
function (){ return a + b + 1; }
// Arrow
let a = 4;
let b = 2;
() => a + b + 1;
```
Quindi, la maggior parte delle funzioni precedenti sono in realtà inutili perché non le stiamo salvando da nessuna parte per poterle richiamare. Esempio di creazione della funzione `plusone`:
```javascript
// Traductional
function plusone (a){ return a + 1; }
//Arrow
plusone = a => a + 100;
```
### Funzione di bind
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La funzione di bind permette di creare una **copia** di una **funzione modificando** l'oggetto **`this`** e i **parametri** forniti.
```javascript
//This will use the this object and print "Hello World"
var fn = function ( param1, param2 ) {
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console.info( this, param1, param2 );
}
fn('Hello', 'World')
//This will still use the this object and print "Hello World"
var copyFn = fn.bind();
copyFn('Hello', 'World')
//This will use the "console" object as "this" object inside the function and print "fixingparam1 Hello"
var bindFn_change = fn.bind(console, "fixingparam1");
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bindFn_change('Hello', 'World')
//This will still use the this object and print "fixingparam1 Hello"
var bindFn_thisnull = fn.bind(null, "fixingparam1");
bindFn_change('Hello', 'World')
//This will still use the this object and print "fixingparam1 Hello"
var bindFn_this = fn.bind(this, "fixingparam1");
bindFn_change('Hello', 'World')
```
{% hint style="info" %}
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Nota che utilizzando **`bind`** puoi manipolare l'oggetto **`this`** che verrà utilizzato quando si chiama la funzione.
{% endhint %}
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### Fuga di codice della funzione
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Se puoi **accedere all'oggetto** di una funzione, puoi **ottenere il codice** di quella funzione.
```javascript
function afunc(){
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return 1+1;
}
console.log(afunc.toString()); //This will print the code of the function
console.log(String(afunc)); //This will print the code of the function
console.log(this.afunc.toString()); //This will print the code of the function
console.log(global.afunc.toString()); //This will print the code of the function
```
In casi in cui la **funzione non ha un nome**, puoi comunque stampare il **codice della funzione** da dentro:
```javascript
(function (){ return arguments.callee.toString(); })()
(function (){ return arguments[0]; })("arg0")
```
Alcuni **modi casuali** per **estrae il codice** di una funzione (anche i commenti) da un'altra funzione:
```javascript
(function (){ return retFunc => String(arguments[0]) })(a=>{/* Hidden commment */})()
(function (){ return retFunc => Array(arguments[0].toString()) })(a=>{/* Hidden commment */})()
(function (){ return String(this)}).bind(()=>{ /* Hidden commment */ })()
(u=>(String(u)))(_=>{ /* Hidden commment */ })
(u=>_=>(String(u)))(_=>{ /* Hidden commment */ })()
```
## Fuga dalla Sandbox - Recupero dell'oggetto window
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L'oggetto Window consente di accedere alle funzioni definite globalmente come alert o eval.
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```javascript
// Some ways to access window
window.eval("alert(1)")
frames
globalThis
parent
self
top //If inside a frame, this is top most window
// Access window from document
document.defaultView.alert(1)
// Access document from a node object
node = document.createElement('div')
node.ownerDocument.defaultView.alert(1)
// There is a path property on each error event whose last element is the window
<img src onerror=event.path.pop().alert(1337)>
// In other browsers the method is
<img src onerror=event.composedPath().pop().alert(1337)>
// In case of svg, the "event" object is called "evt"
<svg><image href=1 onerror=evt.composedPath().pop().alert(1337)>
// Abusing Error.prepareStackTrace to get Window back
Error.prepareStackTrace=function(error, callSites){
2 callSites.shift().getThis().alert(1337);
3 };
4 new Error().stack
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// From an HTML event
// Events from HTML are executed in this context
with(document) {
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with(element) {
//executed event
}
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}
// Because of that with(document) it's possible to access properties of document like:
<img src onerror=defaultView.alert(1337)>
<img src onerror=s=createElement('script');s.append('alert(1337)');appendChild(s)>
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```
{% endcode %}
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## Punto di interruzione sull'accesso al valore
```javascript
// Stop when a property in sessionStorage or localStorage is set/get
// via getItem or setItem functions
sessionStorage.getItem = localStorage.getItem = function(prop) {
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debugger;
return sessionStorage[prop];
}
localStorage.setItem = function(prop, val) {
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debugger;
localStorage[prop] = val;
}
```
```javascript
// Stop when anyone sets or gets the property "ppmap" in any object
// For example sessionStorage.ppmap
// "123".ppmap
// Useful to find where weird properties are being set or accessed
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// or to find where prototype pollutions are occurring
function debugAccess(obj, prop, debugGet=true){
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var origValue = obj[prop];
Object.defineProperty(obj, prop, {
get: function () {
if ( debugGet )
debugger;
return origValue;
},
set: function(val) {
debugger;
origValue = val;
}
});
};
debugAccess(Object.prototype, 'ppmap')
```
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## Accesso automatico del browser per testare i payload
```javascript
//Taken from https://github.com/svennergr/writeups/blob/master/inti/0621/README.md
const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");
const realPasswordLength = 3000;
async function sleep(ms) {
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return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}
(async () => {
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
//Loop to iterate through different values
for (let i = 0; i < 10000; i += 100) {
console.log(`Run number ${i}`);
const input = `${"0".repeat(i)}${realPasswordLength}`;
console.log(` https://challenge-0621.intigriti.io/passgen.php?passwordLength=${input}&allowNumbers=true&allowSymbols=true&timestamp=1624556811000`);
//Go to the page
await page.goto(
`https://challenge-0621.intigriti.io/passgen.php?passwordLength=${input}&allowNumbers=true&allowSymbols=true&timestamp=1624556811000`
);
//Call function "generate()" inside the page
await page.evaluate("generate()");
//Get node inner text from an HTML element
const passwordContent = await page.$$eval(
".alert .page-content",
(node) => node[0].innerText
);
//Transform the content and print it in console
const plainPassword = passwordContent.replace("Your password is: ", "");
if (plainPassword.length != realPasswordLength) {
console.log(i, plainPassword.length, plainPassword);
}
await sleep(1000);
}
await browser.close();
})();
```
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<details>
<summary><strong>Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a eroe con</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (Esperto Red Team AWS di HackTricks)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
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* Ottieni il [**merchandising ufficiale di PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Unisciti al** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**gruppo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) o al [**gruppo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) o **seguimi** su **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Condividi i tuoi trucchi di hacking inviando PR al** [**repo di hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **e al** [**repo di hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
2022-04-28 16:01:33 +00:00
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