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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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71 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
71 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
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# macOS Bundles
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## Basic Information
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Bundles in macOS serve as containers for a variety of resources including applications, libraries, and other necessary files, making them appear as single objects in Finder, such as the familiar `*.app` files. The most commonly encountered bundle is the `.app` bundle, though other types like `.framework`, `.systemextension`, and `.kext` are also prevalent.
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### Essential Components of a Bundle
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Within a bundle, particularly within the `<application>.app/Contents/` directory, a variety of important resources are housed:
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* **\_CodeSignature**: This directory stores code-signing details vital for verifying the integrity of the application. You can inspect the code-signing information using commands like: %%%bash openssl dgst -binary -sha1 /Applications/Safari.app/Contents/Resources/Assets.car | openssl base64 %%%
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* **MacOS**: Contains the executable binary of the application that runs upon user interaction.
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* **Resources**: A repository for the application's user interface components including images, documents, and interface descriptions (nib/xib files).
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* **Info.plist**: Acts as the application's main configuration file, crucial for the system to recognize and interact with the application appropriately.
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#### Important Keys in Info.plist
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The `Info.plist` file is a cornerstone for application configuration, containing keys such as:
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* **CFBundleExecutable**: Specifies the name of the main executable file located in the `Contents/MacOS` directory.
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* **CFBundleIdentifier**: Provides a global identifier for the application, used extensively by macOS for application management.
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* **LSMinimumSystemVersion**: Indicates the minimum version of macOS required for the application to run.
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### Exploring Bundles
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To explore the contents of a bundle, such as `Safari.app`, the following command can be used: `bash ls -lR /Applications/Safari.app/Contents`
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This exploration reveals directories like `_CodeSignature`, `MacOS`, `Resources`, and files like `Info.plist`, each serving a unique purpose from securing the application to defining its user interface and operational parameters.
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#### Additional Bundle Directories
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Beyond the common directories, bundles may also include:
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* **Frameworks**: Contains bundled frameworks used by the application. Frameworks are like dylibs with extra resources.
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* **PlugIns**: A directory for plug-ins and extensions that enhance the application's capabilities.
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* **XPCServices**: Holds XPC services used by the application for out-of-process communication.
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This structure ensures that all necessary components are encapsulated within the bundle, facilitating a modular and secure application environment.
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For more detailed information on `Info.plist` keys and their meanings, the Apple developer documentation provides extensive resources: [Apple Info.plist Key Reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Introduction/Introduction.html).
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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