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In order to not run Tomcat with root a very common configuration is to set an Apache server in port 80/443 and, if the requested path matches a regexp, the request is sent to Tomcat running on a different port.
### Default Structure
```
├── bin
├── conf
│ ├── catalina.policy
│ ├── catalina.properties
│ ├── context.xml
│ ├── tomcat-users.xml
│ ├── tomcat-users.xsd
│ └── web.xml
├── lib
├── logs
├── temp
├── webapps
│ ├── manager
│ │ ├── images
│ │ ├── META-INF
│ │ └── WEB-INF
| | └── web.xml
│ └── ROOT
│ └── WEB-INF
└── work
└── Catalina
└── localhost
```
* The `bin` folder stores scripts and binaries needed to start and run a Tomcat server.
* The `conf` folder stores various configuration files used by Tomcat.
* The `tomcat-users.xml` file stores user credentials and their assigned roles.
* The `lib` folder holds the various JAR files needed for the correct functioning of Tomcat.
* The `logs` and `temp` folders store temporary log files.
* The `webapps` folder is the default webroot of Tomcat and hosts all the applications. The `work` folder acts as a cache and is used to store data during runtime.
Each folder inside `webapps` is expected to have the following structure.
```
webapps/customapp
├── images
├── index.jsp
├── META-INF
│ └── context.xml
├── status.xsd
└── WEB-INF
├── jsp
| └── admin.jsp
└── web.xml
└── lib
| └── jdbc_drivers.jar
└── classes
└── AdminServlet.class
```
The most important file among these is `WEB-INF/web.xml`, which is known as the deployment descriptor. This file stores **information about the routes** used by the application and the classes handling these routes.\
All compiled classes used by the application should be stored in the `WEB-INF/classes` folder. These classes might contain important business logic as well as sensitive information. Any vulnerability in these files can lead to total compromise of the website. The `lib` folder stores the libraries needed by that particular application. The `jsp` folder stores [Jakarta Server Pages (JSP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta\_Server\_Pages), formerly known as `JavaServer Pages`, which can be compared to PHP files on an Apache server.
Here’s an example **web.xml** file.
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
The `web.xml` configuration above defines a **new servlet named `AdminServlet`** that is mapped to the **class `com.inlanefreight.api.AdminServlet`**. Java uses the dot notation to create package names, meaning the path on disk for the class defined above would be:
Next, a new servlet mapping is created to **map requests to `/admin` with `AdminServlet`**. This configuration will send any request received for **`/admin` to the `AdminServlet.class`** class for processing. The **`web.xml`** descriptor holds a lot of **sensitive information** and is an important file to check when leveraging a **Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability**.
### tomcat-users
The **`tomcat-users.xml`** file is used to **allow** or disallow access to the **`/manager` and `host-manager` admin pages**.
The file shows us what each of the roles `manager-gui`, `manager-script`, `manager-jmx`, and `manager-status` provide access to. In this example, we can see that a user `tomcat` with the password `tomcat` has the `manager-gui` role, and a second weak password `admin` is set for the user account `admin`
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