hacktricks/ios-pentesting/extracting-entitlements-from-compiled-application.md

# Extracting Entitlements From Compiled Application

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If you only have the app's IPA or simply the installed app on a jailbroken device, you normally won't be able to find `.entitlements` files. This could be also the case for the `embedded.mobileprovision` file. Still, you should be able to extract the entitlements property lists from the app binary yourself \(which you've previously obtained as explained in the "iOS Basic Security Testing" chapter, section "Acquiring the App Binary"\).

The following steps should work even when targeting an encrypted binary. If for some reason they don't, you'll have to decrypt and extract the app with e.g. Clutch \(if compatible with your iOS version\), frida-ios-dump or similar.

**Extracting the Entitlements Plist from the App Binary**

If you have the app binary in your computer, one approach is to use binwalk to extract \(`-e`\) all XML files \(`-y=xml`\):

```bash
$ binwalk -e -y=xml ./Telegram\ X

DECIMAL       HEXADECIMAL     DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1430180       0x15D2A4        XML document, version: "1.0"
1458814       0x16427E        XML document, version: "1.0"
```

Or you can use radare2 \(`-qc` to _quietly_ run one command and exit\) to search all strings on the app binary \(`izz`\) containing "PropertyList" \(`~PropertyList`\):

```bash
$ r2 -qc 'izz~PropertyList' ./Telegram\ X

0x0015d2a4 ascii <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>\n<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC
"-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">\n<plist version="1.0">
...<key>com.apple.security.application-groups</key>\n\t\t<array>
\n\t\t\t<string>group.ph.telegra.Telegraph</string>...

0x0016427d ascii H<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC
"-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">\n<plist version="1.0">\n
<dict>\n\t<key>cdhashes</key>...
```

In both cases \(binwalk or radare2\) we were able to extract the same two `plist` files. If we inspect the first one \(0x0015d2a4\) we see that we were able to completely recover the [original entitlements file from Telegram](https://github.com/peter-iakovlev/Telegram-iOS/blob/77ee5c4dabdd6eb5f1e2ff76219edf7e18b45c00/Telegram-iOS/Telegram-iOS-AppStoreLLC.entitlements).

> Note: the `strings` command will not help here as it will not be able to find this information. Better use grep with the `-a` flag directly on the binary or use radare2 \(`izz`\)/rabin2 \(`-zz`\).

If you access the app binary on the jailbroken device \(e.g via SSH\), you can use grep with the `-a, --text` flag \(treats all files as ASCII text\):

```bash
$ grep -a -A 5 'PropertyList' /var/containers/Bundle/Application/
    15E6A58F-1CA7-44A4-A9E0-6CA85B65FA35/Telegram X.app/Telegram\ X

<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
    <dict>
        <key>com.apple.security.application-groups</key>
        <array>
        ...
```

Play with the `-A num, --after-context=num` flag to display more or less lines. You may use tools like the ones we presented above as well, if you have them also installed on your jailbroken iOS device.

> This method should work even if the app binary is still encrypted \(it was tested against several App Store apps\).