hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-web/jira.md

# Jira & Confluence

{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)

<details>

<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>

* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>
{% endhint %}

<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).

{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}

## Check Privileges

In Jira, **privileges can be checked** by any user, authenticated or not, through the endpoints `/rest/api/2/mypermissions` or `/rest/api/3/mypermissions`. These endpoints reveal the user's current privileges. A notable concern arises when **non-authenticated users hold privileges**, indicating a **security vulnerability** that could potentially be eligible for a **bounty**. Similarly, **unexpected privileges for authenticated users** also highlight a **vulnerability**.

An important **update** was made on **1st February 2019**, requiring the 'mypermissions' endpoint to include a **'permission' parameter**. This requirement aims to **enhance security** by specifying the privileges being queried: [check it here](https://developer.atlassian.com/cloud/jira/platform/change-notice-get-my-permissions-requires-permissions-query-parameter/#change-notice---get-my-permissions-resource-will-require-a-permissions-query-parameter)

* ADD\_COMMENTS
* ADMINISTER
* ADMINISTER\_PROJECTS
* ASSIGNABLE\_USER
* ASSIGN\_ISSUES
* BROWSE\_PROJECTS
* BULK\_CHANGE
* CLOSE\_ISSUES
* CREATE\_ATTACHMENTS
* CREATE\_ISSUES
* CREATE\_PROJECT
* CREATE\_SHARED\_OBJECTS
* DELETE\_ALL\_ATTACHMENTS
* DELETE\_ALL\_COMMENTS
* DELETE\_ALL\_WORKLOGS
* DELETE\_ISSUES
* DELETE\_OWN\_ATTACHMENTS
* DELETE\_OWN\_COMMENTS
* DELETE\_OWN\_WORKLOGS
* EDIT\_ALL\_COMMENTS
* EDIT\_ALL\_WORKLOGS
* EDIT\_ISSUES
* EDIT\_OWN\_COMMENTS
* EDIT\_OWN\_WORKLOGS
* LINK\_ISSUES
* MANAGE\_GROUP\_FILTER\_SUBSCRIPTIONS
* MANAGE\_SPRINTS\_PERMISSION
* MANAGE\_WATCHERS
* MODIFY\_REPORTER
* MOVE\_ISSUES
* RESOLVE\_ISSUES
* SCHEDULE\_ISSUES
* SET\_ISSUE\_SECURITY
* SYSTEM\_ADMIN
* TRANSITION\_ISSUES
* USER\_PICKER
* VIEW\_AGGREGATED\_DATA
* VIEW\_DEV\_TOOLS
* VIEW\_READONLY\_WORKFLOW
* VIEW\_VOTERS\_AND\_WATCHERS
* WORK\_ON\_ISSUES

Example: `https://your-domain.atlassian.net/rest/api/2/mypermissions?permissions=BROWSE_PROJECTS,CREATE_ISSUES,ADMINISTER_PROJECTS`

```bash
#Check non-authenticated privileges
curl https://jira.some.example.com/rest/api/2/mypermissions | jq | grep -iB6 '"havePermission": true'
```

## Automated enumeration

* [https://github.com/0x48piraj/Jiraffe](https://github.com/0x48piraj/Jiraffe)
* [https://github.com/bcoles/jira\_scan](https://github.com/bcoles/jira_scan)

## Atlasian Plugins

As indicated in this [**blog**](https://cyllective.com/blog/posts/atlassian-audit-plugins), in the documentation about [Plugin modules ↗](https://developer.atlassian.com/server/framework/atlassian-sdk/plugin-modules/) it's possible to check the different types of plugins, like:

* [REST Plugin Module ↗](https://developer.atlassian.com/server/framework/atlassian-sdk/rest-plugin-module): Expose RESTful API endpoints
* [Servlet Plugin Module ↗](https://developer.atlassian.com/server/framework/atlassian-sdk/servlet-plugin-module/): Deploy Java servlets as part of a plugin
* [Macro Plugin Module ↗](https://developer.atlassian.com/server/confluence/macro-module/): Implement Confluence Macros, i.e. parameterised HTML templates

This is an example of the macro plugin type:

```java
package com.atlassian.tutorial.macro;

import com.atlassian.confluence.content.render.xhtml.ConversionContext;
import com.atlassian.confluence.macro.Macro;
import com.atlassian.confluence.macro.MacroExecutionException;

import java.util.Map;

public class helloworld implements Macro {

    public String execute(Map<String, String> map, String body, ConversionContext conversionContext) throws MacroExecutionException {
        if (map.get("Name") != null) {
            return ("<h1>Hello " + map.get("Name") + "!</h1>");
        } else {
            return "<h1>Hello World!<h1>";
        }
    }

    public BodyType getBodyType() { return BodyType.NONE; }

    public OutputType getOutputType() { return OutputType.BLOCK; }
}
```

It's possible to observe that these plugins might be vulnerable to common web vulnerabilities like XSS. For example the previous example is vulnerable because it's reflecting data given by the user.&#x20;

Once a XSS is found, in [**this github repo**](https://github.com/cyllective/XSS-Payloads/tree/main/Confluence) you can find some payloads to increase the impact of the XSS.

## Backdoor Plugin

[**This post**](https://cyllective.com/blog/posts/atlassian-malicious-plugin) describes different (malicious) actions that could perform a malicious Jira plugin. You can find [**code example in this repo**](https://github.com/cyllective/malfluence).

These are some of the actions a malicious plugin could perform:

* **Hiding Plugins from Admins**: It's possible to hide the malicious plugin injecting some front-end javascript
* **Exfiltrating Attachments and Pages**: Allow to access and exfiltrate all the data.
* **Stealing Session Tokens**: Add an endpoint that will echo the headers in the response (with the cookie) and some javascript that will contact it and leak the cookies.
* **Command Execution**: Ofc it's possible to create a plugin that will execute code.
* **Reverse Shell**: Or get a reverse shell.
* **DOM Proxying**: If the confluence is inside a private network, it would be possible to establish a connection through the browser of some user with access to it and for example contact the server command executing through it.



<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

If you are interested in **hacking career** and hack the unhackable - **we are hiring!** (_fluent polish written and spoken required_).

{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}

{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)

<details>

<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>

* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.

</details>
{% endhint %}