diff --git a/src/fish_tests.cpp b/src/fish_tests.cpp
index 17cf062a5..ff01bdbe3 100644
--- a/src/fish_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/fish_tests.cpp
@@ -3961,6 +3961,11 @@ static void test_highlighting() {
                                                   {L"||", highlight_spec_operator},
                                                   {L"true", highlight_spec_command},
                                                   {L";", highlight_spec_statement_terminator},
+                                                  {L"and", highlight_spec_operator},
+                                                  {L"not", highlight_spec_operator},
+                                                  {L"!", highlight_spec_operator},
+                                                  {L"true", highlight_spec_command},
+                                                  {L";", highlight_spec_statement_terminator},
                                                   {L"end", highlight_spec_command},
                                                   {NULL, -1}};
 
diff --git a/src/highlight.cpp b/src/highlight.cpp
index 0deff0590..1c91172d7 100644
--- a/src/highlight.cpp
+++ b/src/highlight.cpp
@@ -1033,7 +1033,6 @@ const highlighter_t::color_array_t &highlighter_t::highlight() {
             case symbol_if_clause:
             case symbol_else_clause:
             case symbol_case_item:
-            case symbol_not_statement:
             case symbol_decorated_statement:
             case symbol_if_statement: {
                 this->color_children(node, parse_token_type_string, highlight_spec_command);
@@ -1065,6 +1064,10 @@ const highlighter_t::color_array_t &highlighter_t::highlight() {
                 this->color_node(node, highlight_spec_operator);
                 break;
 
+            case symbol_not_statement:
+                this->color_children(node, parse_token_type_string, highlight_spec_operator);
+                break;
+
             case symbol_job_decorator:
                 this->color_node(node, highlight_spec_operator);
                 break;
diff --git a/src/parse_constants.h b/src/parse_constants.h
index b4f679b6a..9deb0efc3 100644
--- a/src/parse_constants.h
+++ b/src/parse_constants.h
@@ -111,21 +111,30 @@ enum parse_keyword_t {
     parse_keyword_if,
     parse_keyword_in,
     parse_keyword_not,
+    parse_keyword_exclam,
     parse_keyword_or,
     parse_keyword_switch,
     parse_keyword_while,
 } __packed;
 
-const enum_map<parse_keyword_t> keyword_enum_map[] = {
-    {parse_keyword_and, L"and"},         {parse_keyword_begin, L"begin"},
-    {parse_keyword_builtin, L"builtin"}, {parse_keyword_case, L"case"},
-    {parse_keyword_command, L"command"}, {parse_keyword_else, L"else"},
-    {parse_keyword_end, L"end"},         {parse_keyword_exec, L"exec"},
-    {parse_keyword_for, L"for"},         {parse_keyword_function, L"function"},
-    {parse_keyword_if, L"if"},           {parse_keyword_in, L"in"},
-    {parse_keyword_not, L"not"},         {parse_keyword_or, L"or"},
-    {parse_keyword_switch, L"switch"},   {parse_keyword_while, L"while"},
-    {parse_keyword_none, NULL}};
+const enum_map<parse_keyword_t> keyword_enum_map[] = {{parse_keyword_exclam, L"!"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_and, L"and"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_begin, L"begin"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_builtin, L"builtin"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_case, L"case"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_command, L"command"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_else, L"else"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_end, L"end"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_exec, L"exec"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_for, L"for"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_function, L"function"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_if, L"if"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_in, L"in"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_not, L"not"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_or, L"or"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_switch, L"switch"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_while, L"while"},
+                                                      {parse_keyword_none, NULL}};
 #define keyword_enum_map_len (sizeof keyword_enum_map / sizeof *keyword_enum_map)
 
 // Node tag values.
diff --git a/src/parse_execution.cpp b/src/parse_execution.cpp
index a54f6fb49..c9bcd6f58 100644
--- a/src/parse_execution.cpp
+++ b/src/parse_execution.cpp
@@ -924,7 +924,8 @@ bool parse_execution_context_t::determine_io_chain(tnode_t<g::arguments_or_redir
 parse_execution_result_t parse_execution_context_t::populate_not_process(
     job_t *job, process_t *proc, tnode_t<g::not_statement> not_statement) {
     job->set_flag(JOB_NEGATE, !job->get_flag(JOB_NEGATE));
-    return this->populate_job_process(job, proc, not_statement.child<1>());
+    return this->populate_job_process(job, proc,
+                                      not_statement.require_get_child<g::statement, 1>());
 }
 
 template <typename Type>
diff --git a/src/parse_grammar.h b/src/parse_grammar.h
index e08ccb62d..488bb9314 100644
--- a/src/parse_grammar.h
+++ b/src/parse_grammar.h
@@ -312,8 +312,10 @@ DEF(function_header)
 produces_sequence<keyword<parse_keyword_function>, argument, argument_list, tok_end>{
     BODY(function_header)};
 
-DEF(not_statement) produces_sequence<keyword<parse_keyword_not>, statement> {
-    BODY(not_statement);
+DEF_ALT(not_statement) {
+    using nots = seq<keyword<parse_keyword_not>, statement>;
+    using exclams = seq<keyword<parse_keyword_exclam>, statement>;
+    ALT_BODY(not_statement, nots, exclams);
 };
 
 // An andor_job_list is zero or more job lists, where each starts with an `and` or `or` boolean
diff --git a/src/parse_productions.cpp b/src/parse_productions.cpp
index a09e28e13..fefb0377b 100644
--- a/src/parse_productions.cpp
+++ b/src/parse_productions.cpp
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ RESOLVE(statement) {
     switch (token1.type) {
         case parse_token_type_string: {
             switch (token1.keyword) {
-                case parse_keyword_not: {
+                case parse_keyword_not:
+                case parse_keyword_exclam: {
                     return production_for<nots>();
                 }
                 case parse_keyword_for:
@@ -215,6 +216,19 @@ RESOLVE(case_item_list) {
         return production_for<empty>();
 }
 
+RESOLVE(not_statement) {
+    UNUSED(token2);
+    UNUSED(out_tag);
+    switch (token1.keyword) {
+        case parse_keyword_not:
+            return production_for<nots>();
+        case parse_keyword_exclam:
+            return production_for<exclams>();
+        default:
+            return NO_PRODUCTION;
+    }
+}
+
 RESOLVE(andor_job_list) {
     UNUSED(out_tag);
 
diff --git a/src/parse_tree.cpp b/src/parse_tree.cpp
index f1f92fa5e..9c51025f4 100644
--- a/src/parse_tree.cpp
+++ b/src/parse_tree.cpp
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ static inline parse_keyword_t keyword_with_name(const wchar_t *name) {
 
 static bool is_keyword_char(wchar_t c) {
     return (c >= L'a' && c <= L'z') || (c >= L'A' && c <= L'Z') || (c >= L'0' && c <= L'9') ||
-           c == L'\'' || c == L'"' || c == L'\\' || c == '\n';
+           c == L'\'' || c == L'"' || c == L'\\' || c == '\n' || c == L'!';
 }
 
 /// Given a token, returns the keyword it matches, or parse_keyword_none.
diff --git a/tests/andandoror.err b/tests/andandoror.err
index ce5b602ba..60f61565c 100644
--- a/tests/andandoror.err
+++ b/tests/andandoror.err
@@ -8,5 +8,8 @@
 ####################
 # && and || in while statements
 
+####################
+# Nots
+
 ####################
 # Complex scenarios
diff --git a/tests/andandoror.in b/tests/andandoror.in
index f739cc1ea..fff23d3b9 100644
--- a/tests/andandoror.in
+++ b/tests/andandoror.in
@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ while [ $alpha -lt 2 ] && [ $beta -lt 3 ]
     set delta ( math $delta + 1 )
 end
 
+logmsg "Nots"
+
+true && ! false ; echo $status
+not true && ! false ; echo $status
+not not not true ; echo $status
+not ! ! not true ; echo $status
+not ! echo not ! ; echo $status
+
 logmsg "Complex scenarios"
 
 begin; echo 1 ; false ; end || begin ; echo 2 && echo 3 ; end
diff --git a/tests/andandoror.out b/tests/andandoror.out
index 84f9f04f2..649267ebd 100644
--- a/tests/andandoror.out
+++ b/tests/andandoror.out
@@ -23,6 +23,15 @@ if test 4 ok
 3 3 3
 4 4 4
 
+####################
+# Nots
+0
+1
+1
+0
+not !
+0
+
 ####################
 # Complex scenarios
 1